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Phrasal verbs
Hobbies and free time
Carry on – continue
Get (a)round to – start (after planning)
Get up to – do sth/do sth you shouldn´t
Go off – stop liking
Get into – start liking
Join in – participate in
Calm down - relax
Put off – delay
Be into - like
Put up with – tolerate
Stand for – tolerate/protect or defend
Take up – start doing
End up – final result
Take to – become good at
Hang out (with) – spend time (with)
Call off – cancel
Travel and getting around Get/go away – go on holiday/escape Set off – start a journey Hold up – delay Pick up – collect Get around – move from place to place Drop off – leave in a place Get back – return Make for – head in a direction Check in – enter a hotel/flight Check out – leave a hotel Take off – the plane leaves the ground Look around – explore Hurry up – go faster Check out – look at sth Look forward to – be excited about See off – say goodbye at the airport etc. Catch up with – get to the same point as
Education and lifestyles Drop out (of) – stop studying/going to school Deal with – handle/cope with Get on with – continue doing Think over – consider Get at – suggest Catch on – understand
Go for – choose Be into – like Find out – discover information Fall behind – not do sth fast enough Go over - review Go into – begin to describe in detail Get away with – not be caught or punished Make up – invent information or a story Take down – write down Take in – understand
Work and obligations Carry out – do sth/realize an action Back out (of) – decide not to Turn down – reject Set up – start a business Stand in for – substitute Bring out – start selling a new product Keep on – continue Work away – work abroad Work on – spend time to try to perfect sth Work out – solve or find a solution Catch up (on/with) – reach the same level as sb Take to – become good at/become a habit Go over – review Opt out of – decide not to Take over – take control of Take on – hire/employ
Money and spending Bank on – depend Buy (sth) up – purchase large amounts of sth Buy (sb) out – pay to have control of a business Come across – find sth or meet by chance Come by – visit Save up (for) – keep a little money for sth Get by – manage with little money Do without – live without sth Cash in on (sth) – sell sth for profit Give away – give as a gift Take back – return sth to the shop Put by – save money for the future Sell out – not have any left/sell all of sth Pay (sth) off – pay all of sth Pay up – give sb the money you owe them Save ($) on (sth) – avoid spending money on sth
Grow up – become older Look up to – admire Pass away – die Get along (with) – have a good relationship Stick to – continue doing the same Chill out – relax Get into – start liking Go off – stop liking Stay up – not go to bed Stay out – not go home Stay in – not go out Fit in with – be assimilated into friends Stand out – be different/remarkable Put up with – stand for
Technological advances Build up – construct a lot of buildings Find out – discover information Work on – dedicate time to perfect sth Work out – find a solution/resolve Carry out – perform an experiment Come on – make progress Come up with – think of Turn into – become/change into Plug in – connect to a power supply Turn off – stop machine from working Come off – succeed Look forward to – be excited about
Wildlife and the environment Call off – cancel Call for – require Cut down (on) – reduce Cut out – stop using/doing Cut down (trees) – chop trees down Clear up – when the weather becomes better/clean Throw away – get rid of/put in the bin Put down to – suggest that sth is the result of sth Stand for – represent sth Stand up for – defend/protect Look after – take care of Give off – emit (fumes etc.) Die out – when all of sth dies Face up to – accept as true
Life, crime and society Give up/in – stop doing Back down – stop demanding sth
Get away with – not be punished for sth Look into – investigate Be into – be interested in Get away – escape Lock up – put in prison Blow up – explode Run away – flee/ escape by running Beat up – attack with violence Tell off – shout at Let off – not punish/forgive Break in – force entry
Design and creativity Lay out – plan Work out – solve/plan Dream up – create an idea Set out – organize/arrange Make up – create a story/information Go over – review Set up – start and prepare for an activity Think over – consider Wear out – become exhausted or unusable Grow out of – develop from a certain point Do away with – get rid of Draw up – create a plan of action Dress up – get well dressed/put on a costume Cut out – stop using/doing sth
Happiness and relationships Fall out with – argue with Fall for – fall in love with Get on with – be friends with Get along with – have a good relationship with Look up to – admire Look down on – think badly of Make up – make peace Stand up for – protect/defend Put up with – tolerate Pick on – tease/make fun of Put down – criticize Look after – take care of Go out with – be in a relationship with
Fixed expressions: Hobbies and free time As well as As long as
A matter of time At this point At a time During which
Eating and drinking Be keen on There is no comparison To have nothing to do with – (no tener nada que ver con)
Health and fitness As far as I know Likely to result in Take care
People and their lives At its height At that time Ever since For a long time to come
Technological advances In fact On average As a result All in all
Wildlife and the environment By chance By no means On purpose By accident In no time Set a fire A means by which
Life, crime and society Against the law On purpose Safe and sound Commit a crime Commit suicide Break the law On account of Be at fault
Design and creativity In fashion
Out of fashion It seems that A matter of time As part of But nor should… By the time
Happiness and relationships Be on good terms with Bear in mind Brace yourself For some… for others Pull yourself together
GRAMMAR
Past simple
- We use the past simple for complete/finished past actions
- We use the past simple for important events in the past.
Impersonal passive: It is said (that)… rumours or general beliefs People say that going outside with wet hair will make you ill. It is said that going outside with wet hair will make you ill. Going outside with wet hair is said to make you ill (infinitive form if it starts with the action)
Change in meaning between gerund and infinitive: Like (no change) I like swimming I like to swim Remember (change) I didn´t remember doing it I didn´t remember to do it Gerund form normally means that the action was completed, the infinitive not completed.
e.g. If only I had more free time to spend with my children. (Past simple) change the present I wish I had more free time to spend with my children. (Past perfect) change the past I wish I had taken more free time to spend with my children. (Would) annoyance/dislike I wish I would have more free time to spend with my children
