Neural Bases of Implicit Memory: Learning and Conditioning - Prof. Broglio, Apuntes de Psicología Fisiológica

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Neural bases of

implicit memory

Neural bases of implicit memory

1. Multiple systems of learning and memory
2. Neural bases of perceptual learning and working memory Sensory association cortex Prefrontal cortex
3. Neural bases of motor learning and procedural memory Prefrontal cortex Basal ganglia
4. Neural bases of associative learning Classical conditioning Instrumental (operant) conditioning
   • Neural mechanisms of reinforcement -

Memory systems can be classified in terms of different

dimensions

The major temporal categories of human memory

Classification of memory in terms of what is

remembered

Semantic (^) Episodic Priming

Two forms of long- term memory

Explicit (declarative)

Implicit (non- declarative)

Procedural (motor skills and habits)

Associative learning. Classical and operant conditioning

Non-associative learning (Habituation and sensitizing)

Medial temporal lobe Neocortex

Emotional learning

Motor learning Striatum Amygdala Cerebellum REFLEX PATHWAYS

MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE

NEOCORTEX STRIATUM AMYGDALA CEREBELLUM

Perceptual learning and working memory

Recalling memories about the identity and the location of objects activates the

ventral and the dorsal visual streams, respectively.

Moscovitch and cols (1995)

Spatial memory Memory of objects

Posterior parietal cortex

Inferior temporal cortex

Spatial memory minus memory of objects

Memory of objects minus spatial memory

FFA PPA

Ranganath et al. 2004

The activity in the Inferior temporal cortex is sensitive to the type of

information to be encoded and maintained

The fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) activate more when “their favored stimulus” is important for the task

Recalling visual and auditory stimuli activates the visual and the auditory association cortex, respectively

Recalling moving visual stimuli activates the MT/MST cortex, the areas of the visual association cortex responsible for movement perception

Memory retrieving activates specific regions in the sensory association

cortex

Perception (^) Recall

Fotos

Sonidos Sounds

Photos

The prefrontal cortex permits retaining the

information of the perceived stimulus

during the delay

When the information that permits to know where the food is hidden is not present at the time of the response, behavior must be guided by the activity of the neural circuits underlying the internal representation of the place where the reward is.

Prefrontal lesions alter the performance in the delayed-response task. Performance is progressively worse as the delay increases, which suggests that the prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory

Goldman-Rakic, 1992 (^) Delay-response task

Sample

Delay

Response

Wilson and cols (1993) Science 260

Neuron dorsal to the sulcus principal

The neurons of the zone dorsal to the sulcus principal maintain the information

concerning the location of the stimuli during the delay.

Wilson and cols, 1993

Neuron ventral to the sulcus principal

The neurons of the zone ventral to the sulcus principal maintain the information

concerning the identity of the stimuli during the delay.

Motor learning and procedural memory: Prefrontal

cortex and Basal ganglia

The neurons of the prefrontal cortex are active during the delay in

delayed-response tasks

Stimulus presentation

Delay Response