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PRESENT TIME SIMPLE PRESENT We use simple present when we want to talk about frequent actions, habits, facts or sequences. + SUBJECT + VERB (S) + COMPLEMENT —_ ( SUBJECT + DONT/DOESN'T + VERB BASE FORM_+ comeyg)r pais YES/INO DO/DOES + SUBJECT 4aMERB BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT? wWH- WH- + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT? ar We use present progressive when we want to talk about actions that are being developed at the moment, —+ ¡SUBJECT + BE + VERB-inq + COMPLEMENT We use present perfect when we wantto talk about past actions that continue in the present NOTES + SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT -. SINCE= to mention SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS+ NOT + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT. the action. YESINO | havernas+ SUBJECT + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT? (EFOR= to mention the lenght (duration) of an action. Made with GOOdnotes PAST TIME We use simple past when we want to talk about actions that started and ended. + SUBJECT + VERB PAST + COMPLEMENT — SUBJECT + VERB PAST + NOT + COMPLEMENT YESINO | bin + suBsECT + VERB BASE FORM + COMPLEMENT? wHh- WH- + DID + SUBJECT + VERB B.F + COMPLEMENT? We use past progressive when we want to talk about actions developed in the past. SUBJECT + WAS/WERE+ VERB-ing + COMPLEMENT SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + VERB-ing COMPLEMENT YESINO [wasiwerE + SUBJECT + VERB: ing + COMPLEMENT? SIMPLE PAST I—+ We use past perfect when we want to talk-about actions that happened before another actions in the past. + SUBJECT + HAD + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT -. SUBJECT + HAD+ NOT + VERB + COMPLEMENT YESINO | HAD + SUBJECT + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT? wWH- WH+ + HAD + SUBJECT + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT? Made with Chaamiaar=s We use past perfect progressive when we want to talk about a continuous action in the past that happend before another. + SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + VER! g + COMPLEMENT - SUBJECT + HAD+ BEEN + NOT + VERB-ing + COMPLEMEN YESINO HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + VERI g + COMPLEMENT WH- WH- + HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + VERB-ing_ + USE TO AND WOULD NON ACTIONS VERBS: we use them to describe states such as *APPEARENCE. Ñ , *EMOTIONS. FHAVE a car. "Have" is an *MENTAL STATES. tion verb because it *PERCEPTIONS. pro pio aver *POSSESIONS. Z o *WANTS ara because it means Made with GOOdnotes We use future progressive to talk about actions that will have progress during the future. 4 l SUBJECT + WILL + BE (in base form) + VERB-ing + COMPLEMENT | | SUBJECT + WILL + NOT + BE(in base form) + VERB-ing + COMPLEMENT J YESINO | _wiLL + SUBJECT + BE(in base form) + VERB-ing + COMPLEMENT J wH- WH- + WILL + SUBJECT + BE(in base form) + VERB-ing +COMPLEMENT] event that will happen before a certain time in the future. + SUBJECT + WILL + HAVE + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT - [SUBJECT + WILL + NOT + HAVE + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT | YESINO [_wiLL + SUBJECT + HAVE + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT | wH- WH- + WILL + SUBJECT + HAVE + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT conclusion t [ SUBJECT + WILL + HAVE BEEN + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT | =- Í SUBJECT + WILL + NOT + HAVE BEEN + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT ] YESINO [WwiLL + SUBJECT + HAVE BEEN + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT ] WH- [_wh- + WILL + SUBJECT + HAVE BEEN + VERB P.P + COMPLEMENT | Made with GOOdnotes MODALS — DEFINIMION They are auxiliary verbs. They have only one form for all persons, MODALS TO EXPRESS DEGREES OF NECESSITY o S + MODAL + VERB in base form + COMP. You must not call them. 100% must You are not allowed to call have to em have Ñ ave gotto You weren't allowed to call them. PERFECT MODALS You had better not had better leave early. should You shouldn't have left ought to early. You aren't supposed to take a gift. are supposed to are to take a gift were supposed to were to a No obligation You don't have to call them. could ! pod rd (mo might give b You could have Meco Good OtAñight have 0% SHOULD/ OUGHT TO (90% SURE) SPECULATIONS MIGHT/MAY/COULD ABOUT THE (50% SURE) FUTURE MIGHT OR MAY + NOT/ NEVER (NEGATIVE) Made with GOOdnotes si PASSIVE VOICE RA * Authorities never solve some crimes. Lk——— ACTWEVOICE + Some crimes never get solved (by authorities) L— passivE VOICE “The object in the“active voice becomes the Subject in the passive sentence. The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent (preceded by the prepositian by) in the passive sentence, : or disappears. pr my homework subject ! A Ñ verb LsuszecT + VERB TO BE/GET + VERB PP + AGENT | My homework was done by me. | TENSE | | PASSIVE VOICE | Prosent Alatter ls recalvad imple by Prosent continuous Ea. Past A letter was simpre received by him. Pasto A ra continuous received by him- Present RA perfect received by him. Past lA letter had been pertect received by him. Future A letter will be simple received by him. A A letter is going to Going to > received by him. infinitivo Meat A modal aia RsilaBasS perfect A Made with GOOdnotes PASSIVE VOICE WITH GET In some cases, we can change the verb "to be” with "get". be % You might gét fired if you don't finish the report, mias % | gotarrested by mistake. % Shakira gets asked the same question all the time. We use "get" to indicate an action. The ver "to be" is also possible but in could mean something else in some cases. CAUSATIVE SUBJECT +HAVE + OBJECT OF THE SERVICE + VERB P.P 2 Tm fixing my car. The time doesn't change. + Vm having my car fixed. (Present continuous) Be careful with "get something done”. It can have 2 possible meanings. *% | got my homework done before the teacher asked for it. 2 | got my homework done by my brother. He owed me from before. Made with GOOdnotes 
