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UNIT 5: Past perfect and past perfect progressive
She was surprised to get such a good grade on
the test because she hadn’t studied for it.
He was happy when the bus finally arrived
because he had been waiting for three hours.
• We form the past perfect with had (’d) + the
past participle.
• We use the past perfect to talk about an
event or action that happened before another
event in the past.
• We often use the past perfect simple and the
simple past together.
• We form the past perfect progressive with
had (’d) been + -ing verb.
• We use the past perfect progressive to talk
about an ongoing process, event, or action
that happened before another event in the
past.
• We often use the past perfect progressive
and the simple past together.
UNIT 6: Phrasal verbs
Are you going to turn down the job offer?
They think their new car design will really
take off.
A lot of people look up to Dr. Takashi.
• We tend to use phrasal verbs in less formal
English.
• Phrasal verbs are formed with a verb +
particle (a preposition or adverb).
I gave back the money.
I gave the money back.
She grew up in Singapore.
She grew in Singapore up.
• Some phrasal verbs can be separated, but
some cannot.
AME_SB4_65065_19_Grammar_183-190_ptg01.indd 185 11/11/16 11:25 AM