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BarCharts. Inc,* ACADEMIC OUTLINE DN ELO as a second = Ll language To CAI AA AA A THE GERUND SCA E As an object: will live Ewill be living > Y O you will live you will be living We enjoy playing tennis. he/she will live he/she will be living it owill live 1twill be living we will live we will live we will be living they will be living AMA NO «Verbs are words that usually show action. Some examples are: talk, walk, sit, eat, go, write. - She cats a banana. Gerunds are used with certain verbs: Verb+ Gerund He quits — smoking. Sometimes verbs do not show action; instead, some verbs connect the subject with an adjective, Some examples are: be, become, get, smell, sound, taste, feel, look, appear, seem. Common verbs followed by gerunds: Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous - The banana tastes sweet, appreciate finish (get through) A RS * Verbs also give information about fíme. ss . keep Visep:on) started at some indefinite has the same intent as Some verb tenses are: present, past, future. one (think about) quie Une up) time in the past and is simple present perfect but today ¡itrains, vesterday itrained, next week itwill rain cia (talk about) suggest NOT completed; the! with emphasis on ACTION/ - Simple Tenses tell about habits, single actions. cnjoY importance of the action| DURATION of an action. Go + Gerund continues to the present Go is followed by a gerund in certain idiomatic expressions, mostly relating to recreational activities: They go dancing Saturday night. go boatíng, go camping, go dancing, go swimming - Continuous or Progressive Tenses focus on action happening at the moment of speaking [continuous tenses always have a form of the verb "be" and "-ing" on the base form of the verb]. Simple Continuous Itsnows in December. It is showing now, and may even happen in the future; some words! that signal the present Passive Forms of Gerund perfect or present pertect continuous are since and John smoked cigars. John is smoking Passive Gerund - a cigar now. Being + Past participle for, already and yet. Mary ate dinner an Mary was eating Dappreciate being invited to this event, l have studied l have been studying hour ago. when | came. Past Gerund you have studied |you have been studying he'she has studied it has studied we have studied they have studied Having + Past participle l appreciate having — had the opportunity to meet her, Past-Passive Gerund Having been + Past participle l appreciate having been told the news. he/she has been studying it has been studying we have been studving they have been studying Transitive verbs are followed by an object (in italics). - People eat food. - | enjoy music, - John will need a passport, Past Perfect Tense ATAR ATT used when there are TWO LEER . ita can be both transitive and intransitive. MA pe be boa e bs va as in $ E indicate which ACTION simple past perfect but with - People eat food. Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense happened first; that firstiemphasis on ACTION - John drives a car, shows habit; indicates [shows action at the moment action 1s in the past DURATION of an action. - They are studying English what a person does every [of speaking: — indicates perfect; the second action Intransitive: day, (each year, every [activity taking place while - People eat month, etc.). speaker is speaking. - John drives. - They are studying. Intransitive verbs are nof followed by an object. - Boys run. Fish swim. Children ery. 15 in the simple past. l eat lam eating A you cat you are eating he'she eats he/she is eating | had talked l had been talking you had talked you had been talking , 1 : he/'she had talked he'she had been talking NE TENSE [e] > a ne E beso it had talked it had been talking INTO bey e rue Jen sd we had talked ve had been talking they had talked thev had been talking + Most verbs are regular verbs: AO AO - ed is added to make the past tense and the past Al indicates an action which [shows action of a participle. is finished or completed; ¡prolonged duration which Verbs have three principle parts: (can be used with time [is taking place in the past. base form pastiense past participle signals such as ago, yesterday, last week, A A ATA used when there are TWO MUETES verbs in the future to[has the same purpose as indicate the completion of] future perfect but with one action before thelemphasis on ACTION/ 1 layed layed ¿ , i j PRE hi od month, etc.). second action; the verbl DURATION of an action, A that is completed first 15 cook cooked cooked | looked was looking sd E pus a ” study studied studied you looked you were looking as a he/she looked he/she was looking itlooked itwas looking THE GERUND we looked we were looking , ER ñ n they looked they were looking A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun A Verb + ing: sleeping, playing, walking ATACA itwill have worked he/she will have been indicates a planned [shows an action of some|9A] we will have worked [working action to take place in [duration which will be they will have worked [it will have been working the future; (tomorrow, Itaking place in the future. we will have been working [they will have been working | next weck, month, etc.). | | will have worked I will have been working you will have worked you will have been he/she will have worked working It is used in the same way as a noun: As a subject: Ss Y Walking is a good exercise. 
