The European Internal Market: Functioning, Benefits, and Regulation, Apuntes de Sociología

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The functioning of the internal

market of the EU

Basics of EU Law

SZTE ÁJTK

Gateway Programme

Anita Pelle

The European single market

• Free movement of goods and services
  • no trade barriers
• Free movement of the factors of production
  • capital and labour
• Common trade policy
  • torwards third countries
• Common competition policy
• Single market regulation (hundreds of directives)

Historical evolution of the internal

market

The common market of the European Economic Community The Single Market Agenda Current issues

The common market of the EEC

• Treaty of Rome, 1957
• France, W. Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands,

Luxembourg

• 'Four freedoms'
  • Goods
  • Persons
  • Services
  • Capital
• Customs union
  • Customs: historically oldest source of revenue for

common budget

Monetary developments in parallel with common market developments

• Cooperation started in 1964
  • Committee of the Governors of the Central Banks of the

Member States of the EEC

• First idea of a monetary union: 1969, The Hague Summit
  • 1970: Werner Plan
• 1970s:
  • 'The snake'
  • 1973: European Monetary Cooperation Fund
• 1979: launch of the European Monetary System
  • EMCF
  • ECU
  • ERM (exchange rate mechanism) Signing the European Monetary System agreement at the BIS, 13 March 1979

The single market and the single currency agendas

• For Jacques Delors (President of European

Commission 1985-1995), these two projects of

European integration were strongly connected

• 1986: Single European Act
  • Single European Market by 31 December 1992
• 1989: Delors Plan
  • Single currency by 1999

The Schengen Agreement

• Signed: 14 June 1985
• Original signatories: Belgium, France, W. Germany, Netherlands, Luxembourg
• Gradual expansion of the Schengen Area
• Two principles:
  • No internal border controls
  • External borders strengthened
• The agreement became part of EU law by the Treaty of Amsterdam http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV%C

The Schengen Area today

Blue: EU member states participating Yellow: EU member states not participating but obliged to join Red: EU member states with an opt-out Green: non-EU member states participating Orange: non-EU member states de facto participating Purple: non-EU member states with an open border There is a video on the history of the Schengen Area More information: https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/

• Services Directive (2006)
  • principles of the freedom to establish a company and the freedom to provide or receive cross-border services in the EU were reaffirmed
  • long list of exempt sectors, incl. SGEI, certain transport services, healthcare and pharmaceutical services, audio-visual services
• Liberalisation
  • sectoral approach
• Further regulation of the services sector
  • Single Market Act
  • B2B sectors (e.g. logistics, facility management)
  • Financial sector
• Horizontal regulation of the single market
  • establishing an enterprise
  • access to finance on behalf of SMEs
  • regulation of the business environment
  • consumer protection regulation The European single market of services: regulation

Free movement of capital

• Capital has had to be able to move freely in order to

guarantee the smooth operation of the common/single

market

• However, it was not so simple in the early times
  • Full and unlimited convertibility of currencies had to

be reached

• Payment systems had to be connected
• The BIS and the Committee of Governors played a

great role in the beginning

• The EMI (1994-1998) established the ECB and the

Eurosystem

• http://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/html/index.en.html
• https://www.ecb.europa.eu/paym/intro/role/html/index

.en.html

• Currently on the agenda: Capital Markets Union

Digital Single Market

• Strategy adopted in May 2015
• Three policy pillars:
  1. Improving access to digital goods and services
  2. An environment where digital networks and services can prosper
  3. Digital as a driver for growth
• https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en
• Data: 5th freedom??...
• Digital Scoreboard
  • https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/digital-scoreboard

AmCham (2017): The EU Single Market – Impact on Member States http://www.amchameu.eu/sites/default/files/amcham_eu_single_market_web.pdf

Main tools of the internal market

SOLVIT CCC and TARIC Single Market Scoreboard Competition policy, liberalisation, SGEI

SOLVIT

• SOLVIT is a problem-solving and dispute-settling

instrument of the internal market

• SOLVIT can help when EU rights of citizens and

businesses are breached by public authorities in

another EU country

• SOLVIT cannot help if:
  • a company is having problems with another company
  • it is a consumer-related problem
  • seeking compensation for damages
  • the case has already been taken to court (due to its

informal nature, SOLVIT cannot run in parallel with

formal or legal proceedings)