¡Descarga Global Media's Impact on Less Developed Countries: Electronic Colonialism & World System T y más Apuntes en PDF de Periodismo solo en Docsity!
NWICO
- Process seeking a more just equitable balance in flow and content of information
- Right no national self determination of domestic communication policies.
- International level: reflect more accurately the aspirations and acitivties of less developed countries. Two-way information flow.
NWICO no longer a serious international issue. Even UNESCO has abandoned.
Ultimate goal: Make global media representation more equitable. Put an end to colonialism in communication: restructured system of media and telecommunication that allow LDC to obtain higher influence over their media.
Commercial and market imperatives.
Tries to remove this vestige of colonial control.
Western governments and news agencies oppose: increasing interference with press, reducing market share and profitability.
Clashes with journalistic traditions of the western.. Sigue página 9
Paradoxy
More information today than ever before, less international contents that ever before?
International reportering is expensive.
Parachute journalism trivialize conflict (more complex than 30 second clips)
Lack of public concern
Policies of the media increasingly governed by economic, financial issues, marketing experts rather than editors make decision to make focus-groups. Without the cold War there’s no interest in International
In depth, front-page pieces on population, education, health care and some other development successes are rare. NO
“Because of the system most Americans are out of touch with events that directly affect their lives”. A system more amusing than informing, it is a mistake when trying to explain something complex and serious.
International news coverage is going to change: question is whether it’s going to improve in accuracy, quantity and quality or will be biased or heavily censured
ELECTRONIC COLONIALISM THEORY (ECT)
Macro research school: not usual. (Agenda setting, ownership, or a specific medium, micro issues).
During course of History only a few successful trends in empire building. Military Colonialism, Christian Colonialism.
After it, Mercantile Colonialism: mechanical advances and inventions. Industrial Revolution: Colonies became objects of conquest by European Powers. Search of markets, expanding commercial and political influence. In return they send language, educational system, religion, laws, often not suitable for the invaded country.
Transnational corporations: new means of control.
Other aspects derived: Advertising, laws, government regulations: suited the industrialized powerful nations
Invention of the printing press: undermined the control of the Catholic Church and monarchies.
World War I and II positioned West industrialized nations in command of international organizations, vital trade routes
Rise of nationalism and shift to a service-based, information economy in the West. Turns traditional borders and technological barriers obsolete.
Electronic Colonialism
Set of foreign norms, values that to varying degrees alter domestic cultures, habits, socialization process itself.
The issue: how much imported material the receiver can retain? it will lead to the loss of native, indigenous culture, customs.
“Electronic Colonialism seeks minds” LDC fear it more, the other ones looked for material profits.
Against this: rise of nationalism
WORLD SYSTEM THEORY (WST)
Immanuel Wallerstein. Provides concepts, ideas and language for structuring international communication.
Three groupings:
Implied belief that prosperity will come to them as they become more pro- capitalist.Causes two things:
- Need of foreign costumers to buy the products: benefits back to them.
- Core communication products usually displace or replace indigenous. Local films, music, books have to compete: en disadvantage (advertising and promotion)
Prosperity for whom?
The get benefited, of course, when the produce a movie in a Developing Country
Connection between both theories
EC: when exported the mass media carry with them a big amount of values.
WS extends EC diving the nations of the globe in three: how the core works to influence the other two.
Relation among nations
1990’s movement toward liberalization and privatization: monopoly of the state controlled and owned media
Cable and satellite broadcasting + avalanche of Western (American programming)
Dozens of new channels: more room for entertaining and market and advertising forces.
Audience taken from public channels.
The Problem
Some Western core nations concerned about being an electronic colony of others: threat to have to rethink their own media philosophy: national sovereignty issue.
Rise of internet and electronic newspaper and satellite direct broadcasting is rising questions about the regulation, role of government, national boundaries or borders
Conflict between economic and national security imperatives. What’s good for IBM selling computers to Iran, may not be good to the U.S national interests.
Major supporters of the flee-flow philosophy are government of developed countries responding to pressure of powerful companies.
