Lenguaje koreano para pro, Diapositivas de Lenguaje y práctica musical

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Sejong Korean

Introduction

Hangeul

Who created Hangeul?

How was Hangeul created?

Hangeul was developed by King Sejong the Great. King Sejong was known as one of the greatest kings of the Joseon Dynasty and is recognized for his achievements. During this period, the country was able to develop itself as a nation throughout the development of the Korean language, agriculture, science and technology, medicine, music and law. It was King Sejong who led this progress. However, King Sejong does not receive acclamation solely due to his brilliant achievements and skills. He was also a wise king who loved his people. King Sejong was often gracious to his people, and made effort to improve the status and conditions of his people.

Before Hangeul was made, the elite borrowed Chinese characters as there were no characters in our language. However, the common people had difficulty learning the Chinese characters and were often treated unfairly. Saddened by this, King Sejong felt compassion for his people characters and decided to create easy for anyone to learn. This initiated a cultural expansion for the nation as everyone could learn a unique writing system designes specially for the Korean language.

I n 19 9 7, U N E S CO a c k n o w l e d g e d a n d l i s t e d t h e Hunminjeongeum Haerye (lit. “Explanations and Examples of the Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People”) as a world heritage. We celebrate October 9 th^ as Hangeul day to commemorate its significance.

Consonants

The consonants are based on the shape of the vocal organs. The throat, tongue, gums and teeth were used to form the shape, and this was to help remember the pronunciation. The principles were based on the first five consonants (ㄱ, ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅅ, ㅇ). The first sound ‘ㄱ’ refers to the shape of the root of the tongue blocking the throat. ‘ㄴ’ refers to the tongue stuck to the upper gums. ‘ㅁ’ refers to the shape of the lips, ‘ㅅ’ refers to the shape of a tooth, and ‘ㅇ’ refers to the shape of the throat.

The following are the names of the consonants. The pronunciation reflects the sound of the consonants when placed at the beginning or at the end.

By adding a stroke to these basic consonants, we can form letters with stronger pronunciation. Moreover, by adding the same letter, we can also create ‘ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ.’

Basic consonants

ㄱ giyeok ㄴ nieun ㄷ digeut ㄹ rieul ㅁ mieum ㅂ bieup ㅅ siot

ㅇ ieung ㅈ jieut ㅊ chieut ㅋ kieuk ㅌ tieut ㅍ pieup ㅎ hieut

ㄲ (^) giyeokssang- ㄸ (^) digeutssang- ㅃ^ ssang-bieup ㅆ ssang-siot ㅉ ssang-jieut

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

How are letters created?

Letters within Hangeul consists of the following form: ‘vowel’, ‘consonant + vowel’, ‘consonant + vowel

• consonant’. The consonant that comes after the vowel in the form ‘consonant+ vowel + consonant’ is called ‘Batchim’, which refer to consonant bases.

How to form letters examples vowel 아 consonant + vowel ㄱ^ + ㅏ^ →^ 가 consonant + vowel + consonant ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ → 한

When combining letters in Hangeul, the letters ‘ㅎ, ㅏ, ㄴ’ are not listed; rather, they are combined into the word ‘한’. Depending on the vowel, the position and the shape of the consonant changes. When the vowel is the vertical form as in ‘ㅣ’, the vowel is added on the right side of the consonant. The consonant base (받침) is placed under the ‘consonant + vowel’. On the other hand, when the vowel is the horizontal form as in ‘ㅡ’, the vowel is placed under the consonant and the base consonant is placed under the ‘consonant + vowel’.

Combine the consonant and vowel together to form a letter.

Even though the same ‘ㄱ’ is used, the form may change depending on the vowel that is combined together.

consonant vowel

consonant vowel consonant

consonant vowel

가, 너

달, 약

소, 무

꽃, 춤

consonant vowel consonant

ㄱ ㅏ

Let’s practice together

Let’s learn the alphabet

There are a total of 21 vowels including ten basic vowels and 11 double vowels. Vowels are written from top to bottom, left to right.

TiTipp^ Let’s find out!LetLet’s’s finfinfi d od out!ut! The ‘o’ in front of the vowel refers to the gap in pronunciation. ‘o’ is used in order to locate the position of the consonants which are added later.

1 Vowels

(^1) Short vowels 01

2 Double vowels

Look at your partner’s facial expressions and sound out the correct vowels.

Let’s practice together

02

03

Let’s practice writing

Read the words and practice writing.

Letter shape

Order of writing Practice

야 야 야 야

여 여 여 여

요 요 요 요

유 유 유 유

얘 얘 얘 얘

예 예 예 예

와 와 와 와

왜 왜 왜 왜

워 워 워 워

웨 웨 웨 웨

의 의 의 의

① ① ① ① ① ① ① ① ① ① ② ③④

②③

④

② ③

③ ④

④

②

④⑤

④

④ ⑥

⑤

⑤⑥

③

⑤

③ ⑤

③

②

②

②

③

③

④

④

②⑤ ③④

②③

②

②

①

아 이 아 이

우 유 우 유

왜 왜

위 위

‘ㄱ’ is similar to [g] or [k] but the pronunciation can differ depending on the location of the consonant.

The first ‘ㄱ’ is pronounced as [k], and the following ‘ㄱ’ is pronounced as [g].

The 14 basic consonants in Hangeul are ‘ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ’ and by adding the same consonant, they can be formed as ‘ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ’.

2 Consonants

(^1) Consonants (1)

ㄱ

ㄷ

ㅁ

ㅅ

ㅈ

ㄴ

ㄹ

ㅂ

ㅇ

05

With a friend, practice making shapes of the consonants using your fingers.

ㅏ ㅓ ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ ㅚ ㅟ

ㄱ 가^ 거^ 고^ 구^ 그^ 기^ 개^ 게^ 괴^ 귀

ㄴ 나

ㄷ 다

ㄹ 라

ㅁ 마

ㅂ 바

ㅅ 사

ㅇ 아

ㅈ 자

Let’s practice writing

Let’s practice together

2 Consonants (2)

Practice consonant (2) using a tissue, and guess which consonant it is with a friend.

Let’s practice together

ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ (^) ㅉ

*Notice how the tissue moves.

ㅊ

TiTipp^ Let’s find out! The following are consonants that let out a lot of air when pronounced. Practice by putting your hand or tissue in front of your mouth and check how much air comes out while pronouncing the consonants.

TiTipp^ Let’s find out! The following consonants do not let out any air when pronounced. Compared to the other consonants, the pitch is also high. Practice pronouncing by adding force to your throat.

07

08

‘Batchim’ is the consonant placed under the ‘c + v’ in the ‘consonant + vowel + consonant’ configuration. Most of the consonants (ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ, ㄲ, ㅆ) can be used as a consonant base, but the pronunciation is restricted to 7 sounds of ‘ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅇ’.

Consonant base pronunciation Example ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ [ㄱ]^ 책[책], 부엌[부억], 밖[박] ㄴ [ㄴ] 산[산]

ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ, ㅎ [ㄷ] (^) 낮[낟], 꽃[꼳], 밭[받], 히읗[히읃]곧[곧], 옷[옫], 있다[읻다]

ㄹ [ㄹ] 길[길] ㅁ [ㅁ]^ 삼[삼] ㅂ, ㅍ [ㅂ] 밥[밥], 숲[숩] ㅇ [ㅇ]^ 강[강]

3 Batchim(Consonant bases)

Consonant Vowel Consonant

Consonant Vowel Consonant

11

10

Read together with a friend and notice the difference in the letters with and without a consonant base.

Let’s practice together

오 온 바 방 그 글

Make a new letter with a consonant base.

15

야 (^) + ㄱ

소 (^) + ㄴ

마 (^) + ㅅ

나 (^) + ㅈ

꼬 (^) + ㅊ

바 (^) + ㄹ

추 (^) + ㅁ

다 (^) + ㅂ

수 (^) + ㅍ

혀 (^) + ㅇ

약

꽃

맛

춤

손

발

낮

답

숲

형

Letter(c+v) Consonant Word Practice

Let’s practice together

The following is a map of the Seoul Metro Line. Practice reading the stations.

⹂⸐⾩

㔨⸐㉡ⳃ

⾊⹂

㉙㐥㈧

ヂ㈞㇙

ⲓ〒Ⳏ ㊏〧ヂ㈞㍢ゞ

12

㉙㐥㈧

ⲓ

㔨⸐㉡ⳃⳃ

㉙㉙㐥㈧

Write your name using the consonants and vowels you have learned so far.

Let’s practice together

3 Spacing and linking sounds

Put a space between words.

When a vowel comes after the base consonant of the word, the base consonant moves over to the second syllable and pronounced accordingly.

1

2

저는 V 운동을 V 좋아해요.

13

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