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Course: Lexicology 2 Teacher: Mgr. Petra Jesenská, PhD LEXICAL EXERCISES MISTZTAL, Mariusz. 1999.
Tests in English Word-formation
. Havl. Brod : Fragment. 232 pp. ISBN 80-
1 PREFIXES OF ATTITUDEEXERCISE 1Which of the following words do not take prefix A-? Add correct attitude or negative prefixes tothe odd words.^ connect
dependent
ice
measure
moral
political
sensual
septic
sexual
social
symmetry
tie
typical EXERCISE 2Prefix
ANTI-
can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with
ANTI-
into two groups:1) when it means
opposed to a particular system or practice or to a particular group of people or their
policies, culture, or power
- when it means
intended to prevent something from happening or to destroy something harmful.
anti-abortion
anti-apartheid
antibacterial
anti-British
anti-burglar
anti-cancer
anticommunist
antidemocratic
antifascist
anti-freeze
antifungal
anti-government
anti-infection
anti-marriage
anti-racist
antireligious
anti-rustanti-war
anti-seasickness
anti-submarine
anti-tank
EXERCISE 3Which of the following words do not take prefix
ANTI-
? Add correct attitude or negative prefixes
to the odd words.^ abortion
aggression
agree
balance
behaviour
burglar
cancer
capitalist
freeze
fungal
government
happiness
infection
intelligent
nuclear
pollution
practice
trust
usual
EXERCISE 4Which of the following words do not take prefix
COUNTER-
? Add correct attitude or negative
prefixes to the odd words.^ accusation
argument
attack
balance
belief
comfort
espionage
force
move
plot
reform
stability
symmetry
tidiness
willingness
EXERCISE 5Divide the following words into two groups:1) the ones taking
ANTI-,
- the ones taking
COUNTER-.
-abortion -American balance -cancer example measure plot -reform -submarine
accusation -apartheid bacterial claim -freeze -missile -pollution religious -war
act argument blow communist -government move proposal revolution
-aggression attack -burglar espionage -infection nuclear reaction -seasickness
2 PREFIXES of TIME and ORDER EXERCISE 6 PRE-
can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with
PRE-
into
two groups:1) when it means before, e.g.
pre-Christian,
- when it means already, e.g.
prepaid.
re-arranged pre-cooked predestination prefabricated pre-industrial pre-planned pre-retirement pre-selectionpre-
pre-birth pre-cut pre-digested pre-heated premarital pre-prepared pre-revolution preset
pre-booked pre-dawn pre-election prehuman pre-packed pre-recorded pre-Romanpre-sixteenthcentury
pre-Christmas pre-delivery pre-examination pre-independence pre-payment pre-Reformation pre-schoolprewar
EXERCISE 7Which of the following verbs take
FORE-
and which
PRE-
castsee
-dateshadow
deceasetell
determine view
judgewarn
EXERCISE 8 FORE-
can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with
FORE-
into
two groups:1) when it means before, e.g.
foretell,
- when it means the front, e.g.
forearm.
forearmforefootforelimbforeshore
forecast forehead forepartforesight
foredoomed foreknowledge foreseeforeskin
forefathers foreleg foreshadowforewarn
EXERCISE 9Not only
PRE-
and
FORE-
but also
ANTE-
have before as part of their meaning. Divide the
following words into three groups: those taking
PRE-
,^ ANTE-
, or
FORE-
. Are there any which
can take more than one of the prefixes? -birth date fathers room-war
cast- decease knowledge-schoolwarn
chamber doomed marital see-
-Christian -examination nataltell
EXERCISE 10Prefix
RE-
added to a verb indicates that an action is done or happens a second time. In which
of the following words
RE-
may have a different meaning? What is the meaning of the odd
word?^ reappear^ recover^ redistribute^ remove^ re-read^ restart
rebuild recreate re-examine rename research restrain
reconsider redefine release reopen reserve reunite
reconstruct rediscover remarry reprint resolve rewrite
3 NUMBER PREFIXES EXERCISE 11 BI-
can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with
BI-
into two
groups:1) when it means two, e.g.
bicycle,
- when it means twice, e.g.
biweekly.
biannual bilateralbinoculars
bicarbonate bilingualbisect
bicentenarybimonthly
bigamybinary
What are the two possible meanings of the following sentence: "The film festival takes place biyearly"?
C. triangletriennialtriotriplextriptych
tricentennialtrilogytriplettriplicatetriumvirate
EXERCISE 18Match the number prefixes with their explanations. Bilateral, BicentennialCENTigrade, CENTimetreDECAgon, DECAlitreKILOcalorie, KILOwattMEGAbyte, MEGAhertzOCTAgon, OCTAvePENTAgon, PENTAmeterPOLYtheism, POLYsyllabismQUADrangle, QUADrilateralTRIangle, TRIlogyUNIlateral, UNIsex
= eight = five = four = a hundred = many = a million = single = ten = a thousand = three= two, twice
4 GENERAL SUFFIX EXERCISESEXERCISE 19Fill in the table as shown in the example.e. g.^ SUBJECT^ art
PERSON artist
ADJECTIVE artistic
SUBJECT
PERSON
ADJECTIVE
analysis
...^
...^
...^
biological
...^
economist
electricity
...^
geography
...^
...^
...^
grammatical
history
...^
...^
linguistic
...^
...^
logical
machine
...^
...^
...^
physical
science
...^
EXERCISE 20Complete the given stems with the suffix the meaning of which is given next to it. SUFFIX
MEANING
EXAMPLES
vehicle lover of surgical removal device for measuring fear of people speaking, discussion rule killing inflammation resemble study of device for transmitting sound angle rule, government record, writing affected by illness
air... Anglo... append... baro... claustro... country... deca... dem... fungi... hepat... human... method... micro... octa... olig... photo... poverty-... tubercul...
space... biblio... tonsilI... chrono... xeno... kins... mono... techn... regi... appendic... fung... the… ear... deca... an... auto… terror-...scler...
-ARCHY-GON-OCRACY-PHOBIA
-CIDE -GRAPH -OID -PHONE
-CRAFT-ITIS-OLOGY -STRICKEN
-ECTOMY -LOGUE -OSIS
-FOLK -METER -PHILE
EXERCISE 21 -FUL
can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with
-FUL
into two groups:
- nouns, referring to amounts and measurement, e.g.
teaspoonful,
- adjectives describing characteristics and qualities, e.g.
beautiful
armful dutiful houseful peaceful tablespoonful
cheerful glassful joyful plateful thankful
cupful graceful merciful pocketful useful
deceitful handful mouthful powerful youthful
delightful hopeful painful spoonful
5 GENERAL PREFIX AND SUFFIX EXERCISESEXERCISE 22Fill in the following table as shown in the examples. In case more than one form exists, explainthe difference in meaning — if any — between the forms. e. g.^ ROOT
+ ADJECTCVE(S)
- ADJECTIVES
MEANING
help humour
- helpful 1. humorous
- helpless 2. unhelpful 1. humourless
in need of help not giving help
ROOT
+ ADJECTIVE(S)
MEANING
-^ ADJECTIVE(S)
MEANING
art
colour
doubt
faith
fault fruit
grace
1.^
heart law
sense
sleep
spot
taste
value
EXERCISE 23Fill in the blanks with words formed from the given stems. 1. He said "Hallo" in a most ….….. way. FRIEND2. To be a good novelist you really have to be very …….. IMAGINE3. I enjoyed the book very much because it was so …..... READ4. Travelling in an aeroplane for the first time was a ….... experience. MEMORY5. Pete's parents decided that his scorpion was an ……….. pet. SUIT6. Be careful! The floor has just been washed and is very …….. SLIP7. His ……... knowledge is very poor— he thinks Paris is in Italy. GEOGRAPHY8. He was turned down for the job because he wasn't ….... QUALIFY9. The film was well made but not very …....
AMUSE
- Many ……... people sleep on the streets of the capita! HOME11. Her hair is ……..., not bright red.
RED
- In some places the weather changes so quickly that it's very …... PREDICT13. I was ………... by my friends to take this exam. COURAGE14. Alexis is really a very …………... kind of person. ART15. This is the restaurant where most of the town's rich and ………... people dine. INFLUENCE EXERCISE 24Fill in the blanks with words formed from the given stems. 1. My little son is always getting into trouble at school. He's not very .... OBEY2. Unfortunately, your illness is .... CURE3. Steve was bitten by a ... snake. POISON4. He is completely .... Not only is he lazy but he is dishonest too. EMPLOY7. Don't leave any money lying around. He's .... TRUST6. There will be no pay rise in the ... future. SEE7. Please don't tell lies. It is very .... HONESTY8. I asked for directions but people were rather.... HELP9. My dog never does what it is told, it's very .... OBEY10. Of course it's a violet! It's colour and shape are .... MISTAKE11. The editor said my poems were so bad they were .... PRINT12. You won't be paid much as a/an ... worker. SKILL13. The car in front braked ... and I ran into it. EXPECT14. "This is not a good essay" said the lecturer, "I find your arguments ... ." CONVINCE15. The factory was ... so the management tried to cut costs by making some work redundant.COMPETE EXERCISE 25Fill in the blanks with words formed from the given stems. 1. Pushing into a queue is considered extremely .... POLITE2. This is good quality leather, but actually very .... EXPENSE3. Don’t depend on hum, he’s a very … person RELY4. Those shoes are not waterproof. They are ... for the fall.
SUIT
EXERCISE 29What do the following compound nouns mean?A.^ short circuitshort list
shortcomingshortbread
shortfallshorthand
B.^ double bass^ double-decker
doublesdouble-glazing
double bed
EXERCISE 30Which of the following words can be used with both FIRST and SECOND to make compoundnouns? And which form compound nouns only with FIRST or SECOND? Form all thecompounds and explain their meaning.^ best
born
childhood
class
coming
cousin
floor
lady
language
light
name
nature
prize
sight
thoughts
wind
EXERCISE 31Expressions like walking shoes may mean either:1) shoes for walking, and then we have a compound noun.In this case we stress the first word only, and sometimes use a hyphen.2) shoes which are walking, and then we have a noun and an adjective.In this case we stress both words and never use a hyphen.Decide which of the following are compound nouns. 1. 100 degrees Centigrade is the boiling
point
- Fetch some boiling
water for our tea.
- Could I borrow a frying
pan
- Yesterday I bought a new pair of running shoes.5. I often fish in that running
stream
- My English professor is a walking
dictionary
- After the volcanic eruption everything was covered with boiling
lava
- I need some writing
paper
, please.
- I spent the whole day writing a paper
for my history class.
- Put it away, it is not drinking
water
EXERCISE 32Combine the verbs with prepositions to form compound nouns. The meaning of the neededcompound noun is given in brackets. break...
(failure)
break...
(important discovery)
check-...
(cash-desk)
cut...
(reduction)
drop...
(person who rejects society)
feed...
(comment)
print...
(printed information)
shake-...
(change)
turn...
(change; money earned and spent)
...-pass
(secondary road)
...break
(start)
...let
(place to sell)
…out
(production)
break-...
(escape)
break-...
(finish)
crack-...
(action against)
draw...
(negative aspect)
fall...
(radioactive dust)
lay-...
(parking at the side of a road)
set-...
(start)
take...
(purchase by another firm)
walk-...
(strike) ... put
(information that is put in)
...come
(conclusion) ...look
(forecast)
EXERCISE 33What's the difference in meaning between the following pairs? break-out
versus
outbreak
let-out
versus
outlet
hang-over
versus
overhang
set-up
versus
upset
lay-out
versus
outlay
look-out
versus
outlook
take-over
versus
overtake
COMPOUND ADJECTIVESEXERCISE 34Fill in the blanks with the right words to form compound adjectives. If you find the exercise toodifficult, look for the right words in the list below.^ absent-... professor
air-...
apartment
audio-… aids
bitter-... taste
blood-... monster
brand-... car
breast-... infant
breath... view
bullet-... jacket
clean-... man
cold-... criminal
duty-… shop
fact-... mission
far-... conclusion
first-... ticket
freeze-... coffee
front-... news
BLOODED FED GOING PROOF SWEET
CLASS FETCHED MINDED SHAVEN VISUAL
DRIED FINDING NEW TAKING
CONDITIONED FREE PAGE THIRSTY
EXERCISE 35Join words from the list with the colours to form compound colour adjectives.^ blood
blue
bottle
brick
coal
electric
ice
iron
jet^
lime
midnight
nut
ocean
off^
pea
pearl
royal
sea
sky
snow
Colours
...-BLACK ...-GREY
...-BLUE ...-RED
...-BROWN ...-WHITE
...-GREEN
EXERCISE 36Some compound adjectives are borrowed from foreign languages. Explain the meaning of thefollowing compounds. Check their pronunciation. a la modeavant-garde de luxelaissez-faire
a priori bona fide de rigueur per capita
ad hoccordon bleu de tropprima facie
ad lib de facto ex gratia sub judice
au fait de jure infra dig
EXERCISE 37Match the compound adjectives from list A with the right nouns from list B. A. a la mode au fait de jurelaissez-faire
a priori avant-garde de luxe per capita
ad hoc bona fide ex gratiaprima facie
ad lib cordon bleu infra dig sub judice
B. ... art ... comments ... income ... payment ... with the situation
... court case ... cuisine ... intentions ... player
...^ chores ... evidence ... marriage ... policy
... clothes ... hotel ... meeting ... reasoning
EXERCISE 38In each of the following sentences there is a blank with a word just before it. Fill each blank witha word that combines with the one given in a way that fits the sentence. If you find the exercisetoo difficult, look for the right words in the list below. 1. He paid a lot of money for his FIRST-... ticket.2. She hasn't much money to spend because she can find only a PART-... job.3. She looks rather severe but she is really a very KIND-... woman.4. My mother always gives her guests HOME-... cakes for tea.
- What I'd really like for breakfast is a nice NEW-... egg.6. We say that the SO-... "leader" of the group is just a petty tyrant.7. I have never had any painting lessons. I am entirely SELF-....8. Peter always wears very WELL-... shoes.9. Our teacher isn't strict at all. She is very EASY-....10. To be honest, I enjoy eating in HIGH-... restaurants.11. Please enclose a SELF-... envelope.12. Everyone began the holiday in a LIGHT-... mood.13. This particular kind of LONG-... sheep can run quite fast.14. I think you would be ILL-... to sell the house at the present time.15. I much prefer having a drink in an OLD-... country club. ADDRESSED
CALLED
CLASS
GOING
HEARTED
HEARTED
LAID
LEGGED
MADE/BAKED
POLISHED
PRICED
TAUGHT
TIME
ADVISED
FASHIONED
COMPOUND VERBS Note: you cannot always guess the meaning of a compound verb if you are not already familiar with it.Always check the meaning of the new compounds in the dictionary. EXERCISE 39Join words from list A and list B to form compound verbs (transitive).^ A.^ blow
court
cross
cross
cross
double
double
dry
field
force
hand
ill^
nick
proof
rubber
sand
ship
spin
spoon
tape
white B. check
clean
cross
cuff
dry
dry
examine
feed
feed
glaze
martial reference wreck
name stamp
paper test
read treat
record wash
EXERCISE 46Give the blends that result from fusing these words. If you find the exercise too difficult, matchthe blends given underneath with the right words.e. g.
BLOT = BLemish + spOT binary digitmotor + pedal(cycle)
blare or blow + spurttransfer + resistor
dumb + confoundsplash + spatter
BIT
BLURT
DUMBFOUND
MOPED
TRANSISTOR
SPLATTER
9 ACRONYMS Note
: acronymy is the process whereby a word is formed from the initials or beginning segments of a succession of words.In some cases the initials are pronounced, as in
MP
[em'pi:] (
military police
, or
Member of Parliament
In others, the initials and/or beginning segments are pronounced as the spelled word would be.For example,
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)
is pronounced as ['neitou].
EXERCISE 47Acronyms which are pronounced as sequences of letters are called
alphabetisms
Pronounce these acronyms and give their originals. AABADCFAO
A-bombBCDIYFBI
ACCIADJGB
A levelc/oD. Litt.GMT
a.s.a.p.C.O.D.DNAGP
b & bDCEEC/EUHM
HRH
EXERCISE 48Acronyms which are pronounced as sequences of letters are called
alphabetisms
Pronounce these acronyms and give their originals. IDLPMPPOWUK
IMF LSD mph PTO UN
IOUMAMScs.a.e.US
IQMCOEDSFVSO
IRA MD ono TB wc
LA MIT PO
Box TV YMCA
EXERCISE 49Some acronyms are of Latin or French origin, but they are, very common in English.Pronounce the following acronyms, give their originals and their English meanings.^ ADi.e.
amNB
CDp.a.
D.G.RIP
e.g.RSVP
etc.
EXERCISE 50Acronyms pronounced as a word are very often used without knowing what the letters standfor.Pronounce the following acronyms and give their originals.e.g.
NATO –
['neitou] -–
North
Atlantic
Treaty
Organisation
Basic EnglishOPECUNICEF
GATTSALTUNO
laserUFOWASP
radarUNESCO
