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A comprehensive overview of the english grammar rules for the present simple, present continuous, past tense, and future forms. It covers the use, spelling rules, and examples of each tense, as well as the difference between action and non-action verbs. It also explains the past perfect and the use of 'be going to' and 'will/shall' for future forms.
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Present simple
Use: Things are always true. Thing that happens regularly. ASI: Auxiliary + Subject+ Infinitive QUASI: Question word + Auxiliary + Subject+ Infinitive. Put adverbs of frequency before the main verbs and after be. (always, often, usually, sometimes….) You remember the rules: add s with de 3th person singular Eg: They work in a Bank. I’m never late for work. He doesn’t wear glasses. She usually has cereal for breakfast.
Present Continous
Be + verb – ing Use: Use the PC for actions in progress at the time of speaking or future arrangements. Remember the spelling rules: Ge tt ing, living, study ing.
Eg:
Who are you waiting for? What are you doing after class? I’m waiting for a friend. I’m going to the café.
Actions and non-actions verbs
Verbs with describe actions, used in the present simple or continuous. E.g make, cook, can, be. Verbs which describes stay and feelings (non actions) e.g. want, love, like, be, are NOT normally used in the present continuous. Common non action verbs are: agree, be, believe, belong, depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, prefer, realize, recognize, seem, suppose. A few verbs have an action and a non action meaning. e.g. I have a big flat = possession (non action) I can’t talk now. I’m having lunch. = activity (action)
Past Simple
Use the past simple for finished pas actions.
E.g: They got married last year. What time did you wake up this morning?
Past continuous
Was/ Were + verb – ing
Use the past continuous for describe an actions in progress at specific time in the past. Eg: What were you doing at 6 o’ clock last night? I was watching TV. It was a cold night and it was raining.
Past perfect
Had + Past participle Use the past perfect when you are talking about the past and you want to talk about an earlier past action. Eg: when they turned on the TV, the match had finished. I felt nervous because I hadn’t flown before.
P. simple + P. continuous + P. perfect
When John arrived, they had dinner. (first, John arrived, then they had dinner) When John arrived, they were having dinner. (when john arrived they were in the middle of dinner) When John arrived, they had had dinner. (when had dinner before John arrived)
Be going to + infinitive
Use going to when you have decided to do something. With the verb go you can leave out the infinitive. E.g. I’m not going (to go) to New York.