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Impact of Capital Increase and Trade on Production and Income Distribution, Ejercicios de Economía Internacional

The effects of an increase in capital supply on production possibilities and income distribution between two countries. It explores how specialization and trade impact the relative supply of goods, the factors of production, and the wages of labor. The document also touches upon the concept of marginal product of labor and its relation to wages.

Tipo: Ejercicios

2020/2021

Subido el 13/12/2021

AnD01
AnD01 🇪🇸

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PROBLEM SET 4: SPECIFIC FACTORS AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
4.
a) When we increase the supply of capital, the production possibilities from good 1
increase, because it is produced with capital and labor. While the possibilities for the
good 2 remain the same because it is not affected by capital. As a result, the
production possibility frontier (PPF) moves towards the right.
The Production Possibility Frontier
(PPF)
b) With the increase in capital in the Home country, it will be able to produce more good
1, while the quantity that it can produce from good 2 is still the same. In
consequence, the relative supply of Home country increases.
On the other hand, there has
not been any changes in the
Foreign country factors of
production so there is no
change in their relative supply.
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PROBLEM SET 4: SPECIFIC FACTORS AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION

a) When we increase the supply of capital, the production possibilities from good 1 increase, because it is produced with capital and labor. While the possibilities for the good 2 remain the same because it is not affected by capital. As a result, the production possibility frontier (PPF) moves towards the right. The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) b) With the increase in capital in the Home country, it will be able to produce more good 1, while the quantity that it can produce from good 2 is still the same. In consequence, the relative supply of Home country increases. On the other hand, there has not been any changes in the Foreign country factors of production so there is no change in their relative supply.

c) If these two economies open up to trade, the Home country would decide to specialize in the good that it is more efficient in producing. In the case of this country it would be good one. When trading this product, its relative price of good 1 in terms of good 2 would increase. Consumers react to this change by demanding relatively more good 2. So the Home country will export good 1 while importing good 2 from the Foreign country. d) ‘Trade benefits the factor specific to the export sector of each country but hurts the factor specific to the import-competing sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors.’ In this case, in the Home country, the capital owners will benefit from the increase in wealth, while the land owners, responsible for the good 2 production will get worse as their product is now imported from the Foreign country. In the case of labor, the change is ambiguous because it is a mobile factor.

Numbers of workers employed

Marginal product of labor

If no obstacles to labor migration exist, workers move from Home to Foreign until the purchasing power of wages is equal across countries. In this case, 4 workers move to Foreign leaving 7 workers in each country. Emigration from Home decreases the supply of labor and the production, but marginal productivity increases from 10 to 14, so it raises the real wage of the workers who remain there.