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Questions
- Being assigned as a project manager, you noticed during project execution that conflicts
arise in the team on both technical and interpersonal levels. What is an appropriate way of
handling conflicts?
● Conflicts should be addressed early and usually in private, using a direct, collaborative
approach.
- What is the purpose of a project charter?
2
● To formally authorize a project or a phase and document initial requirements which satisfy the
stakeholder’s needs and expectations.
- The concept of (the) _________ states that changes related to one
requirement—scope, time, or cost—will at least influence one other element.
● Triple constraint
- Your organization is considering to run a project which will entail an investment of $ 1 , 000 , 000.
The product from the project is forecasted to create revenues of $ 250 , 000 in the first year after the
end of the project and of $ 420 , 000 in each of the two following years.
● The net present value is negative, which makes the project unattractive.
- What does the term best practice often refer to?
5
● A specific sequence of work, described in terms of soft logic.
- The communications management plan is a document which includes descriptions of
6
● Stakeholder communication requirements
- _________ are usually not a manifestation of unique
organizational cultures and styles.
● Individual traits and attitudes of co-workers
- Which of the following is generally not regarded as aN
element of active listening?
● Interrupting when appropriate
- You were able to obtain measuring equipment with very high accuracy and precision.
You used it to make a sequence of measurements directly at a production process output
and depicted the results on the following control chart. Which statement is the best
conclusion from these results?
9
● The process has high precision but low accuracy. It should be adjusted. Notes
- As the project manager, you decided to arrange a team meeting to identify and analyze
lessons learned from quality control with stakeholders. What should you do with them?
10
● Document them and make them part of the historical database for the project and the performing
organization.
- Which of the following documents is not used as input for the validate scope process?
1 .
● The RACI matrix , describing accountabilities in case of product rejection.
- How should change management be planned for?
12
● Change management can be planned in a set of management plans or a specific change
management plan.
- According to Bruce Tuckman, what are the stages of team development?
13
● Forming, storming, norming, performing
- What is not a reason for companies to organize lessons learned?
14
● Lessons learned should focus on identifying those accountable for errors and
failures.
- How does a project management team stay in touch with the work and the attitudes of
project team members?
1
● By observation and communication
- Which document is developed along the risk management
processes from identify risks through plan and implement risk
responses to monitor risks?
16
● Risk register
common understanding of the procurement process and of the needs of your project. Which
technique may help you save time?
24 Bidder conferences
- As a project manager, when should you especially consider cultural differences?
25
● When you decide upon recognition and awards during team development.
- At the beginning of project execution, you notice different opinions between team members
relating to project work and deliverables and to the level of overall complexity. What should you do
right now?
26 Organize meetings to identify and resolve misunderstandings between team members in order
to avoid interface problems, disintegration and costly rework early in the project
- You have just taken over as manager of a project that will create many benefits for the
performing organization, but you sense a high level of resistance in various stakeholders right
from the start. What is the most appropriate action to resolve the problem?
27
● Schedule a meeting with these stakeholders to present the project, discuss and establish ground
rules, ensure their involvement and identify initial personal and organizational issues.
- You are in the process of planning a project and found that stakeholders often have
varying objectives and requirements. This makes it hard to come up with a plan with which all
objectives will be met. What is probably most helpful to ensure common understanding?
2
8 Ask the project stakeholders to build focus groups in order to discuss and remedy conflicting
interests.
- Projects frequently do not meet customer expectations for which of the following
reasons?
29
● Technical inability and poor risk management by the contractor
- What is typical for critical path project management?
30
● Forward and backward pass analysis
- You are the project manager for the development of a new type of power plant. Your project is
making fast progress, and it is getting nearer to the day of product acceptance. Which technique
will be most important for product acceptance?
31
● Inspection
- What are the cost types in modern quality management?
32
● Prevention costs – appraisal costs – failure costs
- During the execution of a project to build a complex defense system, your team has run into a
deep crisis. The project’s goal and objectives have been challenging right from the start, but now
you have discovered that your team members have become increasingly unaware of them. Being
busy solving detail problems, they often fail to understand the overall requirements. Then they
develop solutions which resolve issues in their area of limited responsibility, while causing new
problems at the interfaces with other system components. Meanwhile, the team members show
signs of growing frustration, and time is running away. How can you help your team in this
situation?
3
● Accompany your team members along a sequence of maturity levels from dependence through
independence to interdependence.
- For a project, the following earned value data have been assessed:
AC: $ 4 , 000 , 000 CV: $ - 500 , 000
SPI: 1. 12 BaC: $ 9 , 650 , 000
What is the earned value of the project?
- During execution in a project to build a major road bridge, your team found a major flaw in
the technical drawings. On an ad-hoc base, they had to find and implement a workaround to
avoid delays and mitigate technical problems. What should you do next?
● Meticulously document the problem and the workaround to create a requested change to the
project management plan, which will then be passed to the body responsible for the change
control decision.
- You recently took over the assignment for a project. The project charter has been
developed. What is an appropriate next step for you?
3
● Develop management plans.
- You scheduled a kick-off meeting in order to announce the start of your project, present the
plan and develop consensus on it. Another topic will be explanation of each team member’s role.
In addition, you planned some time for discussions. You published the agenda of the kick-off
meeting some weeks ago to all invited attendees. Now, short term before the event, you receive
various cancellations by team members, who say that they cannot join the meeting. But they will
be with you when project work will start.
● You should insist on the presence of the team members to the appointed date.
- In a project, a cost incentive contract has been awarded to a contractor with the
following parameters:
Target cost: $ 1 , 000 , 000 Target contractor fee: $ 100 , 000 Cost benefit
sharing ratio: 80 %/ 20 % Price ceiling: $ 1 , 200 , 000
What is the point of total assumption ( PTA , breakpoint ) of the project?
- The scope baseline includes____.
47
● WBS dictionary, WBS, scope statement
- During human resource planning you identified that your team members are not sufficiently
qualified for their tasks. Which may be an appropriate solution to this problem?
4
● Develop a training plan
- What is typical for high-context cultures?
49
● A message has little meaning without an understanding of the surrounding context.Notes
- In general, processes of configuration management do not include...
50
● ...assigning responsibilities for change control and documentation.
- The ________ is a document which describes how the project management team will
implement the performing organization’s quality policy
● Quality management plan
- What do you expect when you are submitting an invitation for bid to sellers?
52
● Offers which are similar enough to allow a selection based on price
- What is important for quality auditors?
53
● They must be properly trained.
- What is best used to calculate the profit from an internal project?
54
● The economic value added ( EVA ) to the organization taking into account taxes and capital costs
- You are running a major project with four sub-projects. Each of the sub-project managers
has developed a risk management plan, identified many risks, analyzed them and planned for
risk response. It is now two months later. What should you not do?
55 Ensure that they handle all risks to save you from project level risk control.
- What is true for statistical sampling?
56
● Variables sampling includes collection of quantitative data on the degree of conformity for each
item of a sample.Notes
- Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimension of individualism refers to...
5
7 ...the significance of the person versus that of the group.
- What is not true for change requests?
58
● Change requests are always a sign of bad planning and should therefore be avoided.
- You recently assigned staff members to activities, estimated work and scheduled your
project. You then created the following resource histogram for your staff: 100% 0%
Project weeks
What does this diagram tell you?
5
9 The project can probably not be finished as scheduled.
- During execution of a project, you observe that the performance of some of your team
members is dropping, while others are doing a consistently good job. This is endangering overall
project progress. What should you try first to bring the team as a whole back to performance?
6
6 Research causes for bad performance, solicit systematic feedback and search for solutions
based on that.
- Your management announced that they want to put you on a stretch assignment. In this
situation, you should consider that...
67
● ...key stakeholders must have timely and complete information regarding your qualifications to
make decisions regarding your suitability for the assignment.
- Following the cultural approach of the corporation for which you are starting to manage a
project, you are guiding your project team through the first life-cycle phase of
conceptualization. Your next step is to call for a team meeting to let ideas emerge in an
unrestricted creative process. What exactly should that look like?
6 You creatively gather thoughts and ideas without any discussion or frowning. These ideas are
only filtered and structured after the end of the brainstorming session.
- In configuration management , which of the following is necessary to maintain the integrity of
baselines?
69
● Releasing only approved changes for incorporation into products or services.
- Which statement describes best the purpose of the communications management plan?
70
● The communications management plan describes the information delivery needs including
format and level of detail.
- Which is not a point used for three-point estimation?
71
● Budget estimate
- Which of the following are not common barriers to project team building?
72
● Excessive team member commitment
- During project planning, you are presented with the following diagram that depicts a
cumulative likelihood distribution for the duration of a project: What kind of conclusion can you
draw from the information depicted in it?
73
● The likeliness that the project team will meet the deadline or will finish earlier is at 80 %.
100 %Deadline 0 %duration
- While executing a project, you sense a slightly negative attitude in your team. Which type
of document do you now need, among others, to better understand and then be able to
improve the situation?
74
● Team performance assessments
- The sales representative of your company recently contacted you. You made some
estimates on direct costs for an offer on a firm fixed-price contract. According to company
policies, indirect costs (overheads) are to be calculated as a percentage of the direct costs, the
sum of both cost types caused him to calculate a far too high price. How should you not react?
75 You reduce your direct cost estimates by reducing the amount of work and the rates
allocated to them. This allows a reduction of the overhead costs and a lower price
- A project charter is a document that...
76
● ...authorizes the project and the use of organizational resources to meet project
requirements.
- You identified a technical risk in your project and assigned a contingency for that. Planning
contingency reserves is part of which risk response strategy?
7
● Active risk acceptance
- Which concept of locating team members can help them best to enhance their performance
as a team?
78
● Co-location
- Which statement on constructive changes is false?
79
● Changes in projects under contract are called constructive changes if they yield benefits for
both parties.
- You are assigned as a project manager for an internal project. During cost planning and
budgeting you discovered that there are peak times of costs during the project and other
times when costs are fairly low. What could this mean for the project?
80
● The fiscal budget mechanism which is used by the performing organization may not allow
for cost peaks in your project, and you may have to level out expenditures over time.
- You are going to take over a new project as the project manager in an enterprise unknown to
you. What should you investigate during the chartering process?
81 Enterprise environmental factors
- A project was budgeted at $ 1 , 000 , 000. Meanwhile, the project is executed, and the following
current figures have been assessed:
PV: $ 500 , 000 EV:
$ 450 , 000 AC: $ 550 , 000
- What is not true for project deliverables?
88
● Once project deliverables have been identified, their description should not be changed any more
- Your project, performed for a customer, is coming to an end. The customer has been
contractually granted a three years warranty period for the product of the project. What should
you do first?
● Changes on the product can affect warranty clauses. Ensure that these clauses are aligned with
the final specifications.
- Being the project manager in a high-risk electronics project with a lot of new technologies,
you developed a risk management plan and identified risks which you documented in a risk
register. Then, the risks were analyzed and response was planned. During risk control meetings,
it gets obvious that the documents you created are not very helpful. What have you probably
done wrong?
9
0 You did the first processes alone..
- Which is generally not regarded as one of the three categories of culture that managers
should master?
91
● Project culture
Post-mortem analysis after scheduled finish date of a project shows a CPI of 0. 8 and an SPI of
- What is a plausible explanation for that?
9
2 The project was terminated early. At that time, it was over budget and ahead of schedule.
- Some colleagues told you that they are planning, executing, monitoring and controlling a
project by use of milestones only with durations between 1 and 4 weeks. What do you think?
● The approach is erroneous. A milestone is a significant point with zero duration to highlight
achievements.
- Together with your team, you applied three-point estimation on a critical path which consists
of two activities. The following duration uncertainties are all calculated assuming a ± 3 sigma
confidence interval. The duration uncertainty—defined as pessimistic minus optimistic
estimate—of the first activity is 18 days; the second estimate has an uncertainty of 24 days.
Applying the PERT formula for paths (beta distribution), what is the duration uncertainty of the
entire path?
● 30 days
- You are just leaving a meeting during which you have been assigned as the manager of
a project to build a sub-station that is part of a major electric power distribution system. The
decision to run the project has been made before your assignment and without your
involvement. Some basic decisions on deliverables, staffing, budgeting and on the
completion date have already been made as well. What should you do first?
● Obtain a project charter which links the project to the strategy and ongoing work of the
organization and documents the initial decisions.
- What is the purpose of the following diagram? 96
● Comparing the relative importance of variables that have a high degree of uncertainty with
those that are more stable.
- Which is not a goal in both project management and quality management?
97
● Triple constraint
- You created a baseline of your system configuration and added several changes to that as
amendments. Meanwhile you are afraid that the big number of Deltas may cause inconsistencies
and make you unable to understand the current system configuration. What should you do?
9
8 Revise the baseline.
- A request, demand or assertion of a contract partner for consideration,
compensation or payment under a legally binding contract, such as a disputed change,
is often referred to as a____.
99
● Claim
- Projects may be initiated by all of the following except____.
100
● the project team
- During planning processes, you used Monte Carlo simulation to quantitatively assess
cost and schedule risks of your project. During risk control , you repeat the technique, and it
leads to different results. What should not be the reason for that?
● Some dummy activities in the network logic have an element of uncertainty, which gets
bigger over time. While the project proceeds, it gets even harder to predict how the team
members assigned to them will perform.
- As a project manager you can assign any one of two team members to a highly
- Your project exceeded costs in the past caused by an underestimation of resource costs
in the cost baseline:
PV: $ 1 , 200 , 000 , EV: $ 1 , 000 , 000 , AC: $ 1 , 200 , 000
You expect the underestimation to influence the future as much as it did in the past.
If the value of the remaining work ( BAC – EV ) is at $ 1 , 000 , 000 , what should be your new EAC
( estimate at completion )?
o $ 2 , 400 , 000
- What is true for the process of scope validation?
109
o It is the project management team’s responsibility to obtain stakeholder’s formal
acceptance of the completed project scope and deliverables.
- You finished your project for a customer to implement a business software
solution. All deliverables have been handed over and are already in use by the company. There
is a minor last payment to be made by the customer on contract closure. You believe that it is
now getting time to finally close the contract with the customer and then administratively close
down the project.
You approached the customer this morning and found that they are reluctant to finally close
the contract. But you do not exactly understand why. What should you not do?
o Focus on your next project and leave the customer the time to get familiar with the
software. They will come back to you anyway after some weeks to terminate the contract and
make the last payment.
- At the end of an internal project, you find several key stakeholders including the sponsor
reluctant to finally accept all deliverables and then close the project. What should not be your next
step in this situation?
o Formally close the project. Stakeholders will find a way by themselves to sort things out.
- A project manager reported the following earned value data:
PV: $ 12 , 400 , 000
EV: $ 14 , 500 , 000
AC: $ 14 , 500 , 000
What does this mean?
o The project is on budget and ahead of schedule.
- Your project had a cost overrun in the past and you tried to obtain funding on top of the original
budget at completion ( BAC ). Management has told you that they cannot make additional funding
available. You have to increase cost performance so that the project will be finished with costs not
exceeding the original BAC. Which metric describes the future performance to meet this objective?
o TCPI calculated as (BAC-EV) / (BAC-AC)
- When running a project as a project manager, what should you focus on during the executing
processes?
o Coordinating people and resources
- A review of your project team member’s most recent performance reports shows a major drop in
output. Which is the best approach to raise team productivity in a project?
o Improve feelings of trust and cohesiveness among team members.
- What is the most important benefit of a 360 degree review?
122
o The reviewed person will regard the assessment process as fair and
developmental.
- You are using a phase gate approach for your project. What do you need to consider?
o The order of phases must be strictly consecutive without overlapping in order to allow for
gates.
- Post mortem earned value analysis of a project showed the following data:
SPI: 0. 78
CPI: 1. 00
What is this telling you?
o The project has been terminated before completion. At that time it was behind
schedule and on budget
- A project has undergone a major scope change , which increased cost and work levels. What
does this mean for earned value data?
o The cost baseline will be updated and the new baseline will be the basis for future
earned value analysis.
- Which statement describes best the meaning of leadership?
126
o Developing a vision and strategy and motivating people
- As a project manager, you must demonstrate transparency regarding...
127
o ...your decision-making processes.
- Who should always issue the project charter?
128
o A project initiator or sponsor
- You are planning quality management for your project. How can a process flowchart help
you?
o It may help understand the COQ in a process.
- A difference between a statement of work and a scope statement is:
130
o The statement of work is prepared by the customer while the scope statement is developed
by the project management team.
- You are the manager of a project for a company that is known to make heavy use of extrinsic
motivators in order to boost morale and team performance. What does that mean? The motivators
used…
o ...are incentives such as rewards, gifts, or money.
- You are currently finishing a project under contract to develop and build some machining
equipment for a customer. Your organization took over the obligation to solve certain problems if
they come up during a contractual warranty period of one year after start of production. What do
you not have to consider during the warranty period?
o Parts which were marked as-is must be held available for free replacement in case of
failure.
