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PSYCHOBIOLOGY #6 THE FOREBRAIN
- Largest section of the brain
- Comprised of the telencephalon and the diencephalon.
- Telencephalon – contains most of the cerebrum.
- Cerebral Cortex
- Subcortical structures
- Diencephalon : component of the forebrain that contains several subdivisions (from dorsal to ventral):
- Epithalamus
- Thalamus
- Subthalamus
- Hypothalamus
DIENCEPHALON: conforms the lateral wall of the 3th ventricle.
- Subdivisions:
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
- Subthalamus
Subthalamus:
- Main function related with body movement
- Neuronal connections with basal ganglia, cerebellum & thalamus
-Cerebral hemispheres are around the diencephalon -Relationship with ventricles
The light produce less melatonin that induce sexual maturity; while the dark produce more melatonin that inhibits sexual madurity
Epithalamus;:
Components:
• Pineal Gland
• Habenula
• Stria Medullaris
PINEAL GLAND or EPIPHYSIS
Center of the brain (between superior colliculi) but outside BBB Specialized cells (pinealocites) Melatonin secretion; Role in modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions
(The hormone of darkness)
- EPIPHYSIS=Pineal gland (Epythalamus)
- HYPOPHYSIS = Pituitary gland (connected with Hypothalamus)
-Secretion (from serotonin) inhibited by light & permitted by darkness -Restore body functions during deep sleep (increase in REM sleep) -Regulation of circadian rythms (sleep/wake cycle) -Antioxidant (protection of CNS) -Inhibition of sexual maturity (tropical countries, long daily time, more fertility) -Interaction with the immune system Thalamus:
Largest structure in the diencephalon Left & right thalamus. One in each hemisphere The thalamic halves are joint by the massa media (gray matter) trought the third ventricle
- Massa Inermedia Interthalamic adhesion
Internal medullary lamina : fibers inside the thalamus that divide the thalamus into anterior, medial and lateral nuclear groups
- Set of nuclei (groups of neural cells) that project and receive information from the cerebral cortex.
- Reciprocal connexions: Cortico-thalamic projections & thalamo-cortical projections
- Sensitive, motor & autonomic information from brainsteam and spinal cord is translated to the cortex by the thalamus
CORONA RADIATA
