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Brief Tables for Old English Students
By Carmen Acevedo Butcher
copyright©Carmen Butcher 2005
OLD ENGLISH NOUN AND ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
♂ = masculine gender
☼ = neuter gender
♀ = feminine gender
F (^) Gen. Noun ♂
Gen. Noun ☼
Gen. Noun ♀
Gen. – an Noun ♂
Gen. – an Noun ☼
Gen. –an Noun ♀
Def. Adj. ♂
Def. Adj. ☼
Def. Adj. ♀
Indef. Adj. ♂
Indef. Adj. ☼
Indef. Adj. ♀
Ffff sg short/long^ sg sg N (^) — — u/ — N a e e a e e — — u N A (^) — — e A an e an an e an ne — e A G (^) es es e G an an an an an an es es re G D (^) e e e D an an an an an an um um re D I (^) e e e I an an an an an an e e re I P L
/// /// /// (^) P
L
/// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// PL
N (^) as u/— a N an an an an an an e u a N A (^) as u/— a A an an an an an an e u a A G (^) a a a G ena ena ena ra ra ra ra ra ra G D (^) um um um D um um um um um um um um um D I (^) um um um I um um um um um um um um um I /// (^) cyning scip talu glof
/// guma eare cyrice ///
OLD ENGLISH NOUN AND ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
NOUNS:
SINGULAR
Gen. ♂ Decl.
— — es e e /// as as a um um cyning
Gen. ☼ Decl.
— — es e e /// u/— (s/l)
u/— (s/l)
a um um scip
Gen. ♀ Decl. short
u e e e e /// a a a um um talu
Gen. ♀ Decl. long
— e e e e /// a a a um um glof
PLURAL N A G D I /// N A G D I //// Gen. ♂ Decl.
a an an an an /// an an ena um um guma
Gen. ♀ Decl.
e an an an an /// an an ena um um cyrice
Gen. ☼ Decl.
e e an an an /// an an ena um um ēāre
ADJECTIVES:
singular plural
used after demonstratives
N A G D I /// N A G D I ////
Definite ♂ a an an an an /// an an ra um um ♂ Definite☼ e e an an an /// an an ra um um ☼ Definite ♀ e an an an an /// an an ra um um ♀
singular plural
without demonstratives
N A G D I /// N A G D I ////
Indefinite ♂ (^) — ne es um e /// e e ra um um ♂ Indefinite☼ (^) — — es um e /// u u ra um um ☼ Indefinite ♀ (^) u e re re re /// a a ra um um ♀
STRONG VERB CONJUGATION
//// drīfan //// //// Vowels in present = all long Vowels in preterite = two only are long ic drīfe drāf þū drīfst drife hē…….. drīfþ drāf wē……. drīfaþ drifon
SUBJ. ////^ ////
ic…….. drīfe drife wē…….. drīfen drifen
IMP. ////^ ////
drīf XXX drīfaþ XXX
PART. ////^ ////
drīfende drīfende!!!! gedrifen
//// helpan //// //// Present tense Preterite ic helpe healp þu hilpst hulpe he… hilpþ healp we… healpaþ hulpon SUBJ. //// //// ic… helpe hulpe we… helpen hulpen IMP. //// //// help XXX helpaþ XXX PART. //// //// helpende geholpen
CONSONANTAL VERBS (weak)
//// lufian ‘love’
//// nerian ‘save’
Ones with i ’s don’t change other vowels to e.
fremman ‘perform’ i becomes 2 mm ’s
//// dēman i or e ‘judge’
//// Present tense
Preterite Present tense
Preterite Present tense Preterite Present tense
Preterite
ic lufie lufode nerie nerede fremme fremede dēme dēmde þū lufast lufodest nerest neredest fremest fremedest dēmst dēmdest hē, hēo, hit
lufaþ lufode nereþ nerede fremeþ fremede dēmþ dēmde
wē, gē, hī lufiaþ lufodon neriaþ neredon fremmaþ fremedon dēmaþ dēmdon SUBJ. //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// ic……. lufie lufode nerie nerede fremme fremede dēme dēmde wē…… lufien lufoden nerien nereden fremmen fremeden dēmen dēmden IMP. //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// þū (sg.) lufa XXX nere XXX freme XXX dēm XXX gē (pl.) lufiaþ XXX neriaþ * XXX fremmaþ XXX dēmaþ XXX PART. //// //// //// //// //// //// //// //// lufiende gelufod neriende genered fremmende gefremed dēmende gedēmed
VOCALIC VERBS (STRONG)
INF. PRET. SG. PRET. PL. PAST. PART.
1 drīfan drāf drifon gedrifen 2 clēōfan scūfan frēōsan
clēāf scēāf frēās
clufon scufon fruron
geclofen gescofen gefroren 3 drincan helpan steorfan
dranc healp stearf
druncon hulpon sturfon
gedruncen geholpen gestorfen 4 beran bær bæron geboren 5 sprecan spræc spræcon gesprecen * 6 faran fōr fōron gefaren * 7 cnāwan hātan
cnēōw hēt
cnēōwon hēton
gecnāwan gehātan
Gen. ♂ NOUN DECL.
SG. PL.
N se cyning— — 2 * þā cyningas as 2
A þone cyning— * þā cyningas
G þæs cyninges þāra cyninga
D þæm cyninge e 2 þæm cyningum um 2
I þy cyninge þæm cyningum
♂ -AN DECL. NOUN
SG. PL.
N se guma þā guman an 2
A þone guman þā guman
G þæs guman an^4 þāra gumena
D þæm guman þæm gumum um 2
I þy guman þæm gumum
sē guma, bana, boda, nama
Gen. ♀ NOUN DECL.
SG. talu (short)
glōf (long)
PL.
N sēō talu (s) glōf— (l) þā tala
A þā tale þā tala
G þære tale þāra tala
D þære tale þæm talum
I þære tale þæm talum
♀ -AN NOUN DECL.
SG. PL.
N sēō cyrice þā cyrican an 2
A þā cyrican þā cyrican
G þære cyrican þāra cyricena
D þære cyrican an 4 þæm cyricum um 2
I þære cyrican þæm cyricum
sēō byrne, cyrice, eorþe, heorte, hlæfdige, tunge
DECLENSIONS OF ADJECTIVES
indefinite decl. of adj. (without demonstratives)
Singular plural
N til—^ til—^ tilu^ tile^ tilu^ tila
A tilne^ til—^ tile^ tile^ tilu^ tila
G tiles^ tiles^ tilre^ tilra^ tilra^ tilra *
D tilum^ tilum^ tilre^ tilum^ tilum^ tilum
I tile^ tile^ tilre^ tilum^ tilum^ tilum
(Roughly like Gen. Noun Declensions.)
definite decl. of adj. used after demonstratives
Singular plural
N se truma^ þæt trume^ seo trume^ þā^ truman
A Þone truman^ þæt trume^ þā^ truman^ þā^ truman
G þæs truman^ þæs truman^ þære truman^ þāra trumra
D Þæm truman^ þæm truman^ þære truman^ þæm trumum
I þy truman^ þy truman^ þære truman^ þæm trumum
(Exactly like –AN NOUN DECL. except for *********.)
