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Teoría de Modal verbs, Esquemas y mapas conceptuales de Inglés

Teoría de los verbos Modales para saber su uso y ejemplos

Tipo: Esquemas y mapas conceptuales

2021/2022

Subido el 27/02/2023

eurolink-alhaurin
eurolink-alhaurin 🇪🇸

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MODAL VERBS
DEFINICIÓN: Modal auxiliary verbs are invariable (no conjugation, no 3rd person -s).
And the main verb is always the "bare infinitive" (the infinitive without "to"). Except
for ought to,need to .and have to.
They are incomplete as they do not have infinite or past participle. They do not need of
an auxiliary except for need to/ have/has to that use the auxiliaries: do /does; did or
will in negative and interrogative sentences .
WORD ORDER
1. In affirmative sentences the order is:
Subject + modal + main verb
They -can come.
Mike-should walk.
2. In negative sentences the order is:
Subject+modal+not+main verb
That can’t be true
He shouldn’t go to work if he is ill.
3. In interrogative sentences the order is:
a. Yes/No questions
Modal + subject + main verb?
Can-they-come?
Should-Mike drive?
b.Wh- questions
Wh- word + modal subject + main verb?
When can they-come?
How-could he-know that?
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MODAL VERBS

DEFINICIÓN: Modal auxiliary verbs are invariable (no conjugation, no 3rd^ person -s).

And the main verb is always the "bare infinitive" (the infinitive without "to"). Except

for ought to,need to .and have to.

They are incomplete as they do not have infinite or past participle. They do not need of

an auxiliary except for need to/ have/has to that use the auxiliaries: do /does; did or

will in negative and interrogative sentences.

WORD ORDER

1. In affirmative sentences the order is:

Subject + modal + main verb

They -can come.

Mike-should walk.

2. In negative sentences the order is:

Subject+modal+not+main verb

That can’t be true

He shouldn’t go to work if he is ill.

3. In interrogative sentences the order is:

a. Yes/No questions

Modal + subject + main verb?

Can-they-come?

Should-Mike drive?

b.Wh- questions

Wh- word + modal subject + main verb?

When can they-come?

How-could he-know that?

CAN ( present)

Can is used to express:

  • ability - We can drive very well
  • possibility or impossibility - I can't talk, I've got a very sore throat
  • permission - Can I sit down?
  • deduction. - She can't be at school. It's holiday
  • prohibition - You cannot smoke here. Be able to complements can to express ability and possibility in infinitive, future, present perfect and gerund. e.g. I will be able to play the guitar in a year; I haven’t been able to finish my project.t

COULD (past)

Could is used to

  • Express habilidad en pasado. - Jane could drive before she was 18.
  • Pedir algo educadamente. - Could you pass the salt, please?
  • Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad en el pasado- It was so hot I couldn't walk in the sand.
  • Hacer especulaciones (posibilidad remota) - This passport could be his.
  • Hacer sugerencias. - We could play bingo today.
  • Reemplaza a can en el estilo indirecto- They said they could do it themselves.
  • Expresar una crítica.- You could have bought some more food. MAY (PRE/FUT)
  • Pedir algo.
  • May I leave the classroom?
  • Criticar acciones pasadas
  • She should have been quiet WILL
  • Hacer un ofrecimiento
  • I'll carry the suitcase for you.
  • Pedir algo educadamente
  • Will you bring me a coffee, please? SHALL
  • Hacer un ofrecimiento
  • Shall I open the window?
  • Pedir sugerencias
  • What shall we do tonight?
  • Tomar decisiones
  • I shall speak to the headmaster WOULD
  • Hacer un ofrecimiento
  • Would you like some tea?
  • Rutinas en el pasado (afirm.) (solía)
  • When I was a child, I would go fishing.

MUST

(presente)

  • Expresar obligación (autoridad fuerte)
  • You must go to school
  • HAVE TO complementa a MUST en los tiempos que este carece, e.g. She had to get up early yesterday.
  • En negativa: expresar prohibición
  • You mustn't smoke in hospitals
  • Expresar deducción (afirmativa)
  • They must be happy. They've won the lottery NEED
  • Expresar necesidad
  • Need we go now?
  • Con sentido pasivo
  • The trees need pruning.
  • En negativa: ausencia de obligación = don't have to
  • You needn't get up early at weekends OUGHT TO
  • Dar consejos
  • You ought to do more physical exercise

BE USED TO

+ -ING

  • Expresa "estar acostumbrado a.."
  • I'm used to going to bed late. **GET USED TO
  • -ING**
  • Expresa " acostumbrarse a.."
  • I can't get used to his way of cooking.   MODALES PERFECTOS : Se refieren al pasado: expresan conclusiones, suposiciones y conjeturas que hacemos sobre hechos pasados y se forman con un modal + have + participio. o MUST + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → conclusiones lógicas en el pasado, e.g. Sheila was absent yesterday. She must have been ill. o COULD + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → indica que hubo posibilidad de hacer algo en el pasado pero realmente no se hizo, e.g. He could have helped us, but he came too late. → en negativa, expresa la incredulidad de que lo ocurrido sea cierto, e.g. She couldn't have said those words. → para hacer una suposición en el pasado, e.g. She didn't come to the party. She could have been ill. o MAY / MIGHT + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → expresan una suposición sobre el pasado, e.g. Call her again. She may / might not have heard you the first time. o SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HHAVE + PARTICIPIO → para lamentar que no se siguió un consejo en el pasado, e.g. She looks worse. She should / ought to have seen a doctor last week. → para lamentar que no se haya cumplido lo que esperábamos, e.g. They should have been home by now. → en negativa demuestran nuestra opinión crítica sobre algo que no debería haber ocurrido, e.g. I'm very angry with her. She shouldn't have been so rude.