Conditional Sentences in English: Types, Structure, and Examples, Esquemas y mapas conceptuales de Derecho

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1st BATXILLERAT

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Conditional sentences have two clauses: the

conditional clause (starting with if ) and the result

clause. The order of the two clauses is flexible, but

we must remember to use a comma after the

conditional clause when it comes first.

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Ex. If I trained harder, I´d be a lot fitter.

I´d be a lot fitter if I trained harder.

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We distinguish between different types of

conditional according to the degree of probability

that they express.

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STRUCTURE:

If + present simple, will + infinitive

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Ex. If you eat all that food, you´ll get stomach ache.

You´ll get stomach ache if you eat all that food.

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Translation:

___________________________________________

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Use:

a) To talk about possible or probable events.

b) To make promises and give warnings.

 (^) In first conditional sentences, it is possible to use other words instead of “ if ” or “ unless ”: When, as soon as, by the time, the moment (that), until When, as soon as, by the time, the moment (that), until … They are called time clauses but they have the same structure as First Conditional Sentences. o (^) As soon as (to emphasize immediacy): Ex: This situation is very urgent. I’ll call you as soon as I have more information. o (^) “As long as” or “providing that” mean “but only if”. Compare: They’ll succeed but only if they try hard. They’ll succeed as long as they try hard.

 Which is correct?  (^) If I was rich, I’d buy a boat. Or If I were rich, I’d buy a boat.  If Dana was here right now, she’d agree.  If Dana were here right now, she’d agree.  Technically the correct answer is were in both cases… even though the subject is singular, we use were when talking about hypothetical situations.  One very common phrase for giving advice is in the second conditional: “If I were you, I’d…”

FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONAL Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is about probability , not time. First conditional: real and possible situations Second conditional: unlikely to happen If John runs fast, he will win the race. If John ran fast, he would win the race. This is still possible to happen. This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.

SECOND v. THIRD CONDITIONAL THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONAL The difference is about time. Second conditional: refers to the present and future. Third conditional: refers to the past situations. If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance. If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance. But I don’t see an accident now. This is unlikely to happen. But I didn’t see an accident then. This is impossible to happen

ALL CONDITIONALS

0. If it rains, the grass gets wet. General time reference. 1. If it rains today, you will get wet (you don’t have an umbrella). This is still possible to happen. 2. If it rained, you would get wet. But the sky is blue. This is unlikely to happen. 3. If it had rained yesterday, you would have got wet. But it didn’t rain, so you didn’t get wet.(past situation)

 (^) Unless: (si no, llevat que, tret que)  (^) As long as: (sempre que, mentre)  (^) Provided/ Providing : (amb tal que, a condició que)  (^) Even if: ( inclús si, fins i tot si)  (^) We can use as long as, even if, or providing /provided that in the conditional clause to replace if.  (^) Ex. They will win the match if they play regularly. They will win the match as long as they play regularly.  (^) Unless introduces a negative condition. Therefore, the verb in the clause has to be positive. Ex. You can´t enter the competition unless you are eighteen years old.  (^) We can use as long as or providing that to mean “but only if”. We often use these phrases with the first conditional. Ex. She will pay for dinner as long as it isn´t expensive. She will pay for dinner but only if it isn´t expensive.  (^) We use even if to emphasize the condition in the present/future or past. Ex. I wouldn´t go on a diet even if I was overweight. (present/future) I wouldn´t have won even if we´d trained harder. (past)

Now choose the correct option for each verb: 1.I'm going to take a shower as soon as I get / will get home from the gym 2.Unless I find/ will find my watch, I have / I'll have to buy a new one. 3.If the surgery isn't / won’t be successful, he has / 'll have just six months to live. 4.You have / You’ll have a great time if you go / you’ll go to Rio.

5. We are / We’ll be disappointed if nobody comes / will come to our party on Friday. 6.If you forget / you’ll forget your wife's birthday next week, she is / she’ll be upset. 7.I give / I’ll give him the documents when I see / I’ll see him later today. 8.When I get / will get married, I have / I’m going to have a simple wedding.

A BIT OF REPHRASING…

a) I’m not rich so I don’t travel a lot. => If I… If I were rich, I’d travel a lot. b) She didn’t wake up early, so she missed the train. => If she the train. If she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the train. c) I didn’t call you because I came back really late. => I earlier. I would have called you if I had come back earlier. d) He doesn’t have a job, that’s why he can’t buy a house. => If he …

e) He had that terrible accident because he wasn’t careful. => If he accident. If he had been careful, he wouldn’t have had that terrible accident. e) I didn’t work hard, so I didn’t pass the exam. => If I the exam. If I had worked hard, I would have passed the exam. f) They can’t live in this country because they can’t find a job here. =>They a job here. They’d live in this country if they found a job here. g) Visiting Israel won’t be possible without a visa. => Unless you Israel. Unless you have a visa, you won’t be able to visit Israel / it will be impossible to visit Israel.