INFINITIVE (PRESENT) PAST PAST
PARTICIPLE
TRANSLATION
1st Group: ESSENTIAL VERBS
BE (AM-IS-ARE) /bi/ WAS /wʌz/ WERE /wɜr/ BEEN /bɪn/ Ser / Estar
DO (DOES) /du/ DID /dɪd/ DONE /dʌn/ Hacer
HAVE (HAS) /hæv/ HAD /hæd/ HAD /hæd/ Tener
COME (COMES) /kʌm/ CAME /keɪm/ COME /kʌm/ Venir
GET (GETS) /gɛt/ GOT /gɑt/ GOT /gɑt/ Conseguir / Obtener
GO (GOES) /goʊ/ WENT /wɛnt/ GONE /gɑn/ Ir
MAKE (MAKES) /meɪk/ MADE /meɪd/ MADE /meɪd/ Hacer/Elaborar
SAY (SAYS) /seɪ/ SAID / sɛd/ SAID /sɛd/ Decir
TELL (TELLS) /tɛl/ TOLD /toʊld/ TOLD /toʊld/ Contar
2nd Group: PERCEPTION VERBS
HEAR (HEARS) /hɪr/ HEARD /hɜrd/ HEARD /hɜrd/ Oír
SEE (SEES) /si/ SAW /sɔ/ SEEN /sin/ Ver
SMELL (SMELLS) /smɛl/ SMELT /smɛlt/ SMELT /smɛlt/ Oler
3rd Group: NO CHANGE
COST (COSTS) /kɑst/ COST /kɑst/ COST /kɑst/ Costar
CUT (CUTS) /kʌt/ CUT /kʌt/ CUT /kʌt/ Cortar
HIT (HITS) /hɪt/ HIT /hɪt/ HIT /hɪt/ Golpear
HURT (HURTS) /hɜrt/ HURT /hɜrt/ HURT /hɜrt/ Herir / Lastimar
LET (LETS) /lɛt/ LET /lɛt/ LET /lɛt/ Permitir / Dejar
PUT (PUTS) /pʊt/ PUT /pʊt/ PUT /pʊt/ Poner
READ* (READS) /rid/ READ* /rɛd/ READ* /rɛd/ Leer
SHUT (SHUTS) /ʃʌt/ SHUT /ʃʌt/ SHUT /ʃʌt/ Cerrar
4TH Group: I – E / O – E / I – EN and others
BITE (BITES) /baɪt/ BIT* /bɪt/ BITTEN /ˈbɪtən/ Morder / Picar
BREAK (BREAKS)* /breɪk/ BROKE /broʊk/ BROKEN /ˈbroʊkən/ Romper
CHOOSE (chooses)* /tʃuz/ CHOSE /tʃoʊz/ CHOSEN /ˈtʃoʊzən/ Escoger / Elegir
DRIVE (DRIVES) /draɪv/ DROVE /droʊv/ DRIVEN /ˈdrɪvən/ Conducir
EAT (EATS)* /it/ ATE * /eɪt/ EATEN /ˈitən/ Comer
FALL (FALLS)* /fɔl/ FELL* /fɛl/ FALLEN (fô′lən) Caer
GIVE (GIVES) /gɪv/ GAVE* /geɪv/ GIVEN /ˈgɪvən/ Dar
FORGET (forgets)* /fɚˈgɛt/ FORGOT* /fɚˈgot′/ FORGOTTEN /fɚˈgot′n/ Olvidar
FORGIVE (forgives) /fɚˈgɪv/ FORGAVE* /fɚˈgeɪv/ FORGIVEN /fɚˈgɪv′n/ Perdonar
FREEZE (FREEZES)* /friz/ FROZE /froʊz/ FROZEN /ˈfroʊzən/ Congelar
HIDE (HIDES) /haɪd/ HID* /hɪd/ HIDDEN /ˈhɪdən/ Esconder
RIDE (RIDES) /raɪd/ RODE /roʊd/ RIDDEN /ˈrɪdən/ Montar
RISE (RISES) /raɪz/ ROSE /roʊz/ RISEN /ˈrɪzən/ Elevarse
SHAKE (SHAKES)* /ʃeɪk/ SHOOK* /ʃʊk/ SHAKEN /ˈʃeɪkən/ Sacudir / Agitar
SPEAK (SPEAKS)* /spik/ SPOKE / spoʊk/ SPOKEN /ˈspoʊkən/ Hablar
STEAL (STEALS)* /stil/ STOLE /stoʊl/ STOLEN /ˈstoʊlən/ Robar
TAKE (TAKES)* /teɪk/ TOOK* /tʊk/ TAKEN /ˈteɪkən/ Tomar / Agarrar / Llevar
WAKE (UP) (WAKES)* /weɪk/ WOKE /woʊk/ WOKEN /ˈwoʊkən/ Despertar
WRITE (WRITES) /raɪt/ WROTE /roʊt/ WRITTEN /ˈrɪtən/ Escribir
5th Group: I / U*-A / U
BEGIN (BEGINS) /bɪˈgɪn/ BE GAN /bɪˈgæn/ BEGUN /bɪˈgʌn/ Empezar
DRINK (DRINKS) /drɪŋk/ DRANK /dræŋk/ DRUNK /drʌŋk/ Beber
RING (RINGS) /rɪŋ/ RANG /ræŋ/ RUNG /rʌŋ/ Timbrar
SING (SINGS) /sɪŋ/ SANG /sæŋ/ SUNG /sʌŋ/ Cantar
SWING (SWINGS) /swɪŋ/ SWUNG* /swʌŋ/ SWUNG /swʌŋ/ Balancearse
SWIM (SWIMS) /swɪm/ SWAM /swæm/ SWUM /swʌm/ Nadar
6th Group: AW-OW / EW / OWN
BLOW (BLOWS) /bloʊ/ BLEW /blu/ BLOWN /bloʊn/ Soplar / Estallar
DRAW (DRAWS) /drɔ/ DREW /dru/ DRAWN /drɔn/ Dibujar / Atraer
FLY* (FLIES) /flaɪ/ FLEW /flu/ FLOWN /floʊn/ Volar
GROW (GROWS) /groʊ/ GREW /gru/ GROWN /groʊn/ Crecer
KNOW (KNOWS) /noʊ/ KNEW /nyu/ KNOWN /noʊn/ Conocer / Saber
THROW (THROWS) /θroʊ/ THREW /θru/ THROWN /θroʊn/ Lanzar / Arrojar
7th Group: -AUGHT / -OUGHT
BRING (BRINGS) /brɪŋ/ BROUGHT /brɔt/ BROUGHT /brɔt/ Traer
BUY (BUYS) /baɪ/ BOUGHT /bɔt/ BOUGHT /bɔt/ Comprar
CATCH (CATCHES) /kætʃ/ CAUGHT /kɔt/ CAUGHT /kɔt/ Agarrar/ Atrapar
FIGHT /faɪt/ FOUGHT /fɔt/ FOUGHT /fɔt/ Pelear
TEACH (TEACHES) /titʃ/ TAUGHT /tɔt/ TAUGHT /tɔt/ Enseñar
THINK (THINKS) /θɪŋk/ THOUGHT /θɔt/ THOUGHT /θɔt/ Pensar
INFINITIVE
(PRESENT)
PAST PAST
PARTICIPLE
TRANSLATION
8TH Group: -STAND / -STOOD / -STOOD
STAND (STOODS)
/stænd/
STOOD /stʊd/ STOOD /stʊd/ Estar de pie / Soportar
UNDERSTAND
(UNDERSTANDS)
/ˌʌndɚˈstænd/
UNDERSTOOD
/ˌʌndɚˈstʊd/
UNDERSTOOD
/ˌʌndɚˈstʊd/
Entender
9th Group: -EE- / -E- / -E- /
BLEED (BLEEDS) /blid/ BLED /ˈblɛd/ BLED /ˈblɛd/ Sangrar
FEED (FEEDS) /fid/ FED /fɛd/ FED /fɛd/ Alimentar/Dar de comer
FEEL (FEELS) /fil/ FEL T /fɛlt/ FELT /fɛlt/ Sentir
KEEP (KEEPS) /kip/ KEPT / kɛpt/ KEPT /kɛpt/ Mantener / Guardar
MEET (MEETS) /mit/ MET /mɛt/ MET /mɛt/ Conocer / Reunirse
SLEEP (SLEEPS) /slip/ SLEPT /slɛpt/ SLEPT /slɛpt/ Dormir
SWEEP (SWEEPS) /swip/ SWEPT /swɛpt/ SWEPT /swɛpt/ Barrer
10th Group: -D / -T / -T
BUILD (BUILDS) /bɪld/ BUILT /bɪlt/ BUILT /bɪlt/ Construír
LEND (LENDS) /lɛnd/ LENT /lɛnt/ LENT /lɛnt/ Prestar
SEND (SENDS) /sɛnd/ SENT /sɛnt/ SENT /sɛnt/ Enviar
SPEND (SPENDS) /spɛnd/ SPENT /spɛnt/ SPENT /spɛnt/ Gastar / Pasar (tiempo)
11th Group: -T / -T
BURN (BURNS) /bɜrn/ BURNT /bɜrnt/ BURNT /bɜrnt/ Quemar
DREAM (DREAMS) /drim/ DREAMT /drɛmt/ DREAMT /drɛmt/ Soñar
LEARN (LESRNS) /lɜrn/ LEARNT /lɜrnt/ LEARNT /lɜrnt/ Aprender
LEAVE (LEAVES) /liv/ LEFT /lɛft/ LEFT /lɛft/ Dejar / Salir
LIGHT (LIGHTS) /laɪt/ LIT /lɪt/ LIT /lɪt/ Encender (fuego)
LOSE (LOSES) /luz/ LOST /lɔst/ LOST /lɔst/ Perder
MEAN (MEANS) /min/ MEANT /mɛnt/ MEANT /mɛnt/ Querer decir
SHOOT (SHOOTS) /ʃut/ SHOT /ʃɑt/ SHOT /ʃɑt/ Disparar
SIT (SITS) /sɪt/ SAT /sæt/ SAT /sæt/ Sentarse
SPELL (SPELLS) /spɛl/ SPELT /spɛlt/ SPELT /spɛlt/ Deletrear
12th Group: MISCELLANEOUS
BECOME (BECOMES)
/bɪˈkʌm/
BECAME /bɪ
ˈkeɪm/
BECOME /bɪ
ˈkʌm/
Volverse
FIND (FINDS) /faɪnd/ FOUND /faʊnd/ FOUND /faʊnd/ Encontrar
HANG (HANGS) /hæŋ/ HUNG /hʌŋ/ HUNG /hʌŋ/ Colgar
HOLD (HOLDS) /hoʊld/ HELD /hɛld/ HELD /hɛld/ Sostener
LAY (LAYS) /leɪ/ LAID /leɪd/ LAID /leɪd/ Poner (huevos) encima
LIE (LIES) /laɪ/ LAY /leɪ/ LAIN /leɪn/ Recostarse
PAY (PAYS) /peɪ/ PAID /peɪd/ PAID /peɪd/ Pagar
RUN (RUNS) /rʌn/ RAN /ræn/ RUN /rʌn/ Correr / Dirigir
SELL (SELLS) /sɛl/ SOLD /soʊld/ SOLD /soʊld/ Vender
SHINE (SHINES) /ʃaɪn/ SHONE /ʃoʊn/ SHONE /ʃoʊn/ Brillar
SHOW (SHOWS) /ʃoʊ/ SHOWED /ʃoʊd/ SHOWN /ʃoʊn/ Mostrar
WEAR (WEARS) /wɛr/ WORE /wɔr/ WORN /wɔrn/ Llevar puesto/ Usar
WIN (WINS) /wɪn/ WON /wʌn/ WON /wʌn/ Ganar
PRESENT SIMPLE
Examples: They play tennis
They don’t play tennis.
Do they play tennis? Yes, they do / No, they don’t.
Affirmative: 3RD person singular adds –S/-ES.
He plays tennis
Negative: Don’t add –s/-es.
He doesn’t play tennis.
Interrogative: Don’t add –s/-es.
Does he play tennis? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t
PAST SIMPLE
Regular verbs in the past simple and past participle end in –ed. Example: He played tennis
yesterday.
Both Irregular verbs and regular verbs form negatives and questions in the same way: did /
didn’t + infinitivo.
Examples: He didn’t go to Benidorm last Sunday.
Did he go to Benidorm last Sunday?
He didn’t play tennis yesterday.
Did he play tennis yesterday?
PAST SIMPLE OF TO BE
I WAS / I WASN’T / WAS I?
YOU WERE / YOU WEREN’T / WERE YOU?
HE/SHE/IT WAS /WASN’T / WAS HE/SHE/IT?
WE WERE / WE WEREN’T / WERE WE?
YOU WERE / YOU WEREN’T / WERE
YOU?
THEY WERE / THEY WEREN’T / WERE
THEY?
