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Tense review
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
learn •^ am learning •^ hadn’t learned •^ send •^ don’t send •^ weren’t doing •^ didn’t do •^ haven’t done
1 We anything wrong in the art room, but the teacher told us to leave. 2 him an angry email. You’ll only regret it later. 3 I how to drive at the moment. 4 When I was younger, we much sport at my primary school. 5 Generally I best by doing rather than watching. 6 We any practice tests yet so I’m not sure what they’re like. 7 me a text message when you’re free. 8 The English exam was difficult because I enough phrasal verbs.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct present or past form of the verbs in brackets.
1 (tell) me exactly what (happen) last night! 2 Mrs Hudson is my maths teacher. She (teach) me for four years and in that time I (get) much better at maths. 3 I (never /think) of a career in medicine before I spoke to my biology teacher but now I (seriously/ consider) it. 4 Oh no! I (forget) to bring my assignment! What am I going to do? This is the second time I (do) this! 5 I can’t remember what Mr Brown (say) yesterday about our homework. I (not listen) properly because Charlotte (talk) to me at the same time. 6 Last year I (go) on a school trip to Scotland. We (have) a very interesting time. 7 At the moment I (think) about what subjects to take next year but I (make) a final decision yet. 8 A few people (misbehave) in class sometimes, but generally everyone is quite well behaved.
3 Choose the correct option.
A: Hello. What 1 do you watch / are you watching? B: A programme about the First World War, which I recorded last night. 2 I study / I’m studying the First World War this term. A: All 3 I know / I’ve known about the First World War is that millions of people 4 died / had died in it. B: Yes, it was much, much worse than anyone 5 has expected / had expected. It 6 went on / has gone on for years. 7 Do you want / Have you wanted to watch the programme with me? A: No, thanks. I’ve got to do some violin practice. 8 I’ve just remembered / I just remembered that I’ve got a lesson tomorrow, and I (^9) don’t have / haven’t had time to practise my new piece this week. B: OK. 10 I’ve already done / I already did my piano practice, so I’ve got time to watch TV. See you later.
4 Find examples of tenses used for the future in the text and match them with the names and functions below.
Hi Laura I’m just writing to tell you that I’m going away tomorrow on a school trip to Wales. I’m very excited about it! We leave at 7. a.m. and we come back on Wednesday at 10.30 p.m. We’re going to be camping at a big outdoor activity centre, in big tents. I’m sharing a tent with Ella, Mel, Samira, Lucy and Amy, and they all love to talk! We’ll be talking every night until four or five, I’m sure! I don’t think anyone will get much sleep! At the activity centre there are lots of things you can do and I’m going to try surfing. I think it will be lots of fun! By the time I next see you, I’ll have learned how to surf, I hope, so we can go surfing together next summer! Love, Beth
1 present simple for a future event that is scheduled as part of a timetable
2 present continuous + a future time reference for an arrangement or a definite plan
3 going to for a future intention
4 will + infinitive for a prediction based on the writer’s opinion
5 future continuous for an action in progress at a future point in time
6 future perfect for something that will be finished by a future point in time
5 Choose the correct option.
1 My cousins come / are coming to stay this weekend. 2 I don’t think anyone minds / will mind if we leave early tomorrow. 3 Could you meet me at the bus station on Wednesday? My bus arrives / will arrive at six. 4 This time next week we’re doing / we’ll be doing our chemistry exam! 5 I’ve decided that my next art project is going to be / is on Picasso. 6 By the time we perform next Friday, we’ll practise / we’ll have practised this piece hundreds of times. 7 I’m sure you’ll be getting / you’ll get a good grade in your music exam. 8 I’m going to buy / I’ll buy Isabel a book about cats for her birthday because she’s crazy about them. 9 We can’t go away in May. We’ll be revising / We revise for our exams then. 10 This time tomorrow I give / I’ll have given my presentation and I’ll be able to relax!
Used to andwould
1 Change the past simple into would in the text where possible.
When I was 12, I joined a basketball team in my home town. We were supposed to wear our team’s kit, but we waited and waited, week after week and the kits never arrived so we wore a green t’shirt and a pair of shorts of any colour. We didn’t mind what colour they were but I always wore a purple and orange pair! We trained every Monday and Wednesday for an hour and a half. We got really tired after those training sessions. There were 15 of us on the team and we played matches every Saturday. Would you believe, we never won one match? We lost every single match we ever played on a Saturday. Did we mind? No, we enjoyed playing together and working as a team so much that it didn’t matter. The following year, when I was 13, things changed radically – we finally got our kits – which we wore with pride! Suddenly, we started winning. We told each other it was because we finally had our lucky kits!
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verb in brackets.
1 I a PSP, but I sold it for 20 euros! (have) 2 My best friend a Chelsea supporter – now he’s seen sense and supports Liverpool, like me! (be) 3 tennis when you were at school? (you, play) 4 I that TV series but now I’m hooked! (not enjoy) 5 to that posh school on the corner? (your sister, go) 6 When my brother lived in France, he French very well. (speak) 7 My grandma broccoli but now she loves it! (not like) 8 My mum says that in the past, people about the future, like we do today. (not worry) 9 Did your as an actor or a writer? (dad, work) 10 My grandparents in the same street as us, but then they moved house. (live) 11 My mum a lovely old sports car but now she has a sensible seven-seater! (have) 12 People that the world was round! (not believe)
3 Compare what Lucy did ten years ago with what she does today. Use used to / didn’t use to and would / wouldn’t.
Ten years ago Today She got up at 10 o’clock. She gets up at 6.30. She was a student at university. She works in public relations in a multi-national company. She lived in London. She lives in Manchester. She wrote letters to her friends. She contacts her friends through social media networks. She wore jeans and a t’shirt every day. She wears smart clothes. She went to bed late every day. She goes to bed early! She didn’t have any children She has three children. She never went on holiday. She goes on holiday three times a year. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 Choose the correct option. Sometimes both options are correct.
1 My grandma used to / would love gardening. 2 A few years ago, my brother didn’t use to / wouldn’t help me with my homework –now he does! 3 My sister used to / would know the lead singer in that band. 4 Did you use to / Would you get anxious the day before an exam when you were at school? 5 What did people use to do/ would people do before money existed? 6 My dad used to / would pay a lot for good beef in the supermarket, but now he’s vegetarian! 7 Jonathan didn’t use to / wouldn’t want any children, then he met his wife and they had four! 8 When I was little my mum used to / would read me a story every night. 9 I used to / would live in Edinburgh when I was young. 10 Didn’t Emma use to / Wouldn’t Emma play the piano?
5 Write five things you used to do or would do when you were younger.
1 2 3 4 5
6 Now write three things that your friend used to do or would do when he / she was younger.
1 2 3
Modal verbs
1 Choose the correct option.
1 I’m worried about my friend in Mexico. The hurricane may / must pass over her city, but I don’t know for sure. 2 A tornado is on its way. It could / can’t be deadly, so we need to leave. 3 Dan says Lucy could / must be in the Philippines, where the earthquake was, but she can’t / mustn’t be. I spoke to her yesterday and she was in Hawaii. 4 The building started shaking and I thought, ‘This can’t / must be an earthquake, because there’s no traffic going past’. 5 The rescue team can’t / may not find any survivors at this stage, but of course we’re hoping they will. 6 It can’t / could be long before someone comes to rescue us – just a few more hours. 7 The volcano is still active, so it must / might erupt while you’re there, but it’s not very likely. 8 It must / might be very difficult to reach the survivors of a disaster if all the roads are blocked.
2 Complete the text with the phrases in the box.
can’t be •^ can’t have •^ could take •^ may get •^ may not have •^ might be •^ must be •^ must be
3 Complete the sentences with could, might, may, must or can’t. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
1 It be time to get up already! I feel I’ve only been asleep for a few hours! 2 My books still be at college. I didn’t bring them home with me last night. 3 I’m not sure, but that man over there be Tom. Tom’s got a jacket like that. 4 I not see you tomorrow, so good luck with your exam! 5 Javier be delighted! He’s wanted to go out with Sara for ages and now he is! 6 We win the match tomorrow, but we can’t be certain. They’re a good team. 7 Two hundred euros! That be right! We only had pizzas! 8 We not be able to afford to go away on holiday this summer.
4 Read the description of a storm and say if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 The speaker is sure several inches of rain fell during the storm. T F 2 The speaker isn’t sure, but thinks it’s possible that her neighbours have had to go up to the first floor of their houses. T F 3 The speaker thinks it’s possible that her mother has gone to stay with her neighbours. T F 4 The speaker thinks it’s possible that her mother didn’t have time to go to her neighbours. T F 5 The speaker is sure that her mother doesn’t have enough food or medication. T F 6 The speaker is sure that her mother has hurt herself. T F 7 The speaker is sure that her mother hasn’t taken her mobile phone with her. T F 8 The speaker thinks she’s tried calling her mother fifty times but she isn’t sure. T F
As a result of the flooding, as many as 10,000 families 1 homeless, although the figure is only an estimate. ‘The emergency services are working hard, but I’m sure they 2 more than 20 helicopters. It 3 days to reach everyone and take them to safety,’ said an aid worker in the area. ‘Conditions for those families still waiting to be rescued 4 very difficult. There 5 any clean water to drink and everyone 6 very cold.’ Worryingly, more rain is forecast, so the floods 7 worse in the next few days. The emergency services 8 time to reach everyone before the waters rise again.
‘The winds were incredibly strong and the rain was torrential. We must have had several inches. Everywhere is now flooded. We’ve had to go up to the first floor of our house and all our neighbours must have had to do the same. Nobody could stay downstairs. I’m very worried about my mother, who lives on her own in a village five miles away. I think she may have gone next door to be with her neighbours, but she may not have had time to get there. She may not have enough food or medication – she needs to take medication regularly. Or she might have hurt herself! Wherever she is, she can’t have taken her mobile phone with her, because she’s not answering it. I must have tried her number fifty times but there’s no answer. I’m really desperate to hear from her and hear she’s OK.’
5 Complete the sentences with must, may, might, could, couldn’t or can’t. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
1 They have eaten for two days because they were stuck on the roof of their house. (The speaker is sure.) 2 You have been very frightened when you felt the building shake! (The speaker is sure.) 3 Lisa’s quite late getting here. She have got lost. (The speaker is not sure.) 4 It have taken you ages to paint this room! It’s enormous! (The speaker is sure.) 5 I can’t log in to my account for some reason. I not have put in the right password. (The speaker is not sure.) 6 The burglars have got in through the window. It’s too small. (The speaker is sure.) 7 Matt not have got your message about the film. Shall we phone him? (The speaker is not sure.) 8 Ella have gone home because her bike’s still here. (The speaker is sure.)
6 Complete the sentences with must, may, might, could, couldn’t or can’t and the correct form of the verbs in the box. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
be •^ blow •^ already/die •^ not/hear •^ leave •^ not/reach •^ understand •^ walk
1 This family for days to get here. They have come from about 100 kilometres away and they look absolutely exhausted. 2 No one is sure of the scale of the disaster, but aid agencies are saying that thousands of people in the drought. 3 Some people were still at home when the tsunami struck. They the instructions to leave, but we can’t be sure. 4 The survivors overjoyed to see the rescue helicopters arrive. 5 The children what was happening. They are too young to know what an earthquake is. 6 The winds down the power lines because there’s no electricity now. 7 We haven’t heard from the rescue team, so we don’t know where they are. They the disaster area yet. 8 I don’t know where my brother is. He with the other students but I don’t know.
7 Correct the sentences. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
1 Jaime might comes with us tomorrow, but he’s not sure yet.
2 Paula may already go home. She’s not in the library.
3 She don’t can be 18! She looks far too young.
4 Eduardo can’t has expected to become famous!
5 Ana could not be able to play in the concert next week. She’s not sure.
6 Jonan musts have a lot of money. He’s always buying things.
7 I must have tore my trousers on the hike yesterday.
8 This must be their flat, but I’m not sure.
Conditional possibility
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 If there was a branch near us, 2 Even if I had more money, 3 If you buy too many clothes, 4 If I’d had more time, 5 If you give us your email address, 6 If you hadn’t told me about that charity shop, 7 If the shopping centre wasn’t so crowded, 8 If you order goods worth €70 or more, 9 If I’d tried these jeans on in the shop,
2 Choose the correct option.
1 If they would have given / they’d given me a discount, I would have been satisfied. 2 If you place / will place your order before 20th December, you’ll receive it before Christmas. 3 What would happen if nobody would buy / bought anything, apart from essentials, for weeks or months? 4 I’ll be very surprised if I find / would find something in my size in the sale. 5 If my parents hadn’t lent / didn’t lend me the money, I wouldn’t have been able to afford a laptop. 6 I don’t think I signed / would have signed the contract if they had explained the charges more clearly. 7 Unless we all refuse / refused to pay these prices, companies will continue to charge them. 8 If fashions don’t change / didn’t change so often, I wouldn’t want to buy so many new clothes. 9 If the shops didn’t regularly offer big discounts, they wouldn’t sell / won’t sell very much. 10 If you stay away from the shops, you wouldn’t want / won’t want to buy anything.
3 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use if.
1 I don’t know how to sew so I don’t make my own clothes. If I knew. 2 Let’s swap clothes: I wear your jumper and you wear mine. I’ll wear your. 3 We didn’t find what we were looking for because we didn’t get to the sale early. If we’d got. 4 I’ll look in the charity shops first for what I want, and then the high-street shops. If I don’t find what. 5 I used that website because you told me about it. I. 6 We have lots of great shops here, so people come here to shop. People. 7 To be able to afford a holiday, we have to save €100 every month. We won’t be able. 8 He spoke out about the economic problems, so we became aware of them. If. 9 They charge a booking fee, so the tickets cost €30 each. If.
A I’d enjoy shopping more. B we’ll contact you about our latest collections. C I would never have found it. D I wouldn’t buy very expensive things. E it would be easier to take these trousers back. F we’ll deliver them to you free of charge. G I would have looked for some other shoes. H I would have realised they weren’t the right size. I you won’t have enough room for them in your wardrobe.
4 Complete the text with the words and phrases in the box. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
even if •^ unless •^ as long as •^ provided that
5 Correct the sentences.
1 We’d buy less unless we didn’t see so many adverts and believe them all.
2 I wouldn’t ask you to lend me money if I wouldn’t really need it.
3 If only I would have read these reviews before ordering this hairdryer!
4 If I apologise again and again, she still wouldn’t forgive me.
5 If we miss the bus, we’d have to walk, so let’s leave now.
6 You’ll have a great time camping even if it’ll rain occasionally.
7 I wish I didn’t chose History as one of my subjects as I’m not very interested in it.
8 I wouldn’t have become an actor providing that my parents wouldn’t have encouraged me.
6 Complete the conversation with one word in each gap.
A: What do you think of our new apartment? Do you like it? B: Yes, it’s really nice. It’s got lots of big windows, so 1 if it isn’t sunny, you’ll get lots of light in here. And I like your new sofa! A: Do you? I don’t! I wish my parents 2 bought it, but it was a bargain and they couldn’t resist it! If 3 it was a different colour. But I don’t like that yellow. I 4 have gone for blue if it had been up to me. B: Maybe you could put something over it … Did you get anything new for your bedroom? A: Yes, a second-hand wardrobe. It’s quite small, but as long as I 5 buy lots of clothes, it’ll be fine. Come and have a look and tell me what you think. I don’t know where to put my desk. B: Well, if your bed was against the other wall, you 6 have more space for your desk. A: I don’t think the bed would fit there, 7 I chopped the end off! B: I think it would fit 8 you moved those boxes. You could keep them on top of the wardrobe 9 that they weren’t too heavy. Shall we try? A: OK! If anything goes wrong, 10 say it was your idea! B: Thanks!
I want to try to consume less so I’m going to buy fewer new things and more second-hand ones. I’m going to look online and in charity shops, and 1 I stay away from shopping centres I’ll be OK! I can’t stop buying completely – I think I’m quite addicted to it! – but 2 what I buy is mainly second-hand, I’ll be happy. (^3) what I buy looks a bit used, I’ll still enjoy having it. I’ll buy all my presents second-hand too, 4 I really can’t find anything. People might be a bit surprised at first, but 5 I explain why I’ve bought second-hand, I think they’ll understand. My brother won’t mind at all. He won’t care if something’s second-hand, 6 it works! My sister’s different. She won’t buy clothes 7 they’re in perfect condition. But I’ll find something for her, 8 it takes me hours! I’m determined to buy as much as possible second-hand.
Reported speech
1 Rewrite these sentences in reported speech.
1 ‘I’ve always loved reading,’ said Rebecca.
2 ‘How many plays have you seen at the theatre this year, Laura?’ Maria asked.
3 ‘Who was your favourite character in The Hunger Games?’ Evie asked.
4 ‘We are going to the cinema this weekend, would you like to come with us?’ Joe asked.
5 ‘I can’t wait! This time next week we’ll be going on holiday!’ Alex said.
6 ‘You should look on the internet to find out more about the play and the author,’ our teacher said.
2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences. Not all of the sentences have mistakes.
1 Jamie said me to turn off the lights in the house when I left.
2 Daniel asked me could he borrow my Italian dictionary.
3 Clara said she was reading a really good novel.
4 Liam told that he had seen the last episode the night before.
5 Jenny asked me did I know anyone who could paint her house.
6 My dad said me that we might go to the cinema on Saturday.
7 Josh asked Lily if she would like to borrow the book.
8 Nick asked had we already eaten.
3 Choose the correct option.
1 Jess told me / said me she was going to go to bed early. 2 My mum asked me if Eddie had agreed taking / to take me to the concert in the end. 3 David and Carl promised being / to be there on time. 4 My grandparents offered buying / to buy me a car for my 18th birthday! 5 My friends suggested have / having a party at the end of term. 6 My dad asked if our next door neighbours had invited us go / to go to the opera with them. 7 The police officer warned my dad not parking / to park there again! 8 My sister asked me if the doctor had advised me not to go / going to work all week. 9 She didn’t agree giving / to give the training session in the office, so they got rid of her. 10 My little sister complained that she wanted / wanting a lollipop.
4 Complete the second sentence by disputing what the person in the first sentence has said.
1 ‘I’m going to the gym at 5 o’clock.’ But didn’t you say 6 o’clock? 2 ‘Jane and Mark have booked their flights for 21st December.’ I thought you said for 22nd December. 3 ‘I’ll take you to the best restaurant in this town on Friday!’ But didn’t you say Saturday? 4 ‘I’ll pay back the money I owe you next week, OK?’ I thought you said today!’ 5 ‘I’ve got loads of homework tonight!’ But didn’t you say?
5 Choose a verb from the box to rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
admit •^ advise •^ ask •^ complain •^ offer •^ promise •^ reply •^ warn
1 Peter: ‘Our history teacher gives us so much homework! It’s not fair!’ Peter 2 Olivia: ‘You really should see the doctor about your headaches.’ Olivia 3 Mum: ‘Don’t ever speak to me like that again or there will be consequences!’ Mum 4 Anna: ‘I’ll take you to the theatre next weekend, if you like.’ Anna 5 Will: ‘What time is the next train to Bristol, please?’ Will 6 Jane: ‘I’ll phone my mum and dad tomorrow without fail.’ Jane 7 George: ‘Have you finished reading that book yet?’ Harry: ‘Yes, I finished it last night.’ Harry 8 Alex: ‘I’m sorry. It was me who broke the glass!’ Alex
Embedded questions
1 Complete the sentences with embedded questions.
1 My birthday is on March 15th. I asked 2 Whose is this book? I wondered 3 What kind of films do you like? Could you tell me 4 What’s his favourite video game? The question is 5 What time is she coming home tonight? Who knows 6 Why did you sell all your books? I’d like to know 7 How much money have they got? I don’t know 8 Where do they live? I wonder 9 What happened at school today? I’m curious to know 10 Evie is not feeling well. I was interested to know
2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1 I’ll ask my dad if can I stay until midnight.
2 The police don’t know to stop the problem of violence in the city centre.
3 I asked my sister why she looks so happy.
4 I wonder who did he meet last night.
5 Jamie wondered if to phone his friend after the argument or not.
3 Finish these embedded questions with your own ideas.
1 I don’t know 2 I doubt 3 I wonder 4 I’d like to know 5 I’m not sure 6 I’m interested in 7 I’m curious to know
Relative clauses
1 Complete the text with the clauses in the box.
when they are used worldwide •^ when we get to the end of 2015 •^ where it has really taken off •
which are much more difficult to duplicate or steal •^ which refers to metrics related to human characteristics •
which was launched with a new device recently •^ which will recognise face shape, irises, heartbeats •
who are already using biometrics •^ who are now offering biometric logon services •^ who is a government employee •
who is a professor in biometrics
Passwords versus biometrics We all know it’s easy to forget passwords because we have so many of them, but we can’t forget body parts, (^1). Biometrics is really taking off. Biometrics, (^2) , is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. Biometric security relies on who you are rather than what you can remember. Will Paine, (^3) , working for the US government, says that we will soon stop using passwords to access our phones. And Tom Keats, 4 , at one of the country’s leading universities, adds that the password system can be easily broken. He goes on to say that in the future, digital readings of anatomical features, 5 , will be much more reliable than passwords. Different companies, 6 , allow customers access through fingerprints, voice or using their faces. A fingerprint authentication, 7 , has been very successful. Some devices, 8 and even brainwave patterns, will soon be very popular. In fact, many people, 9 , only have to line up their face in a window on the screen and within seconds they are logged in. People are using biometrics in the USA, 10 more than anywhere else in the world. And it is predicted that biometrics, 11 , will be used by around 650 million people.
2 Match the verbs with the correct preposition.
1 tell 2 rely 3 participate 4 work 5 be proud 6 make a profit 7 apply 8 listen 9 discuss 10 move
3 Now complete the sentences with a suitable verb and preposition from Exercise 2.
1 My brother that bank. 2 George was that lecture. 3 I would that type of job. 4 We’d like to the city of London. 5 I’d like to that type of competition. 6 Dan that investment.
a for b to c of d on e to f about g with h on i for j in
7 In which of the sentences in Exercise 6 can you omit the relative pronoun?
8 Complete the sentences with who, which or that.
1 That boy is the entrepreneur set up his own company when he was nine. 2 Here are your glasses you couldn’t find earlier. 3 A market researcher is someone finds out what customers want. 4 That was the worst football match I have ever been to! 5 The only colour she doesn’t like is yellow. 6 This is the song I was telling you about. 7 Market share is the percentage belongs to a company. 8 Anybody wants to act in the school play must sign up before Tuesday. 9 My brother is the one told me the secret. 10 The town I live in is the best in the world!
9 Use the verbs in the box to write definitions for the things below.
bake •^ be born •^ buy •^ carry •^ find out •^ teach •^ write
1 a baker
2 A tablet
3 a teacher
4 a pen
5 a birthday
6 the stock market
7 market researcher
10 Choose correct option.
1 I missed the last episode on Sunday what / which was really annoying. 2 My mum has bought some lovely food, some of which / that we’re going to eat tonight! 3 Everyone went to the game except for Robbie, who / which wasn’t well. 4 I met my boyfriend last summer, who / when he was working in the restaurant. 5 Alice, whose / who’s teachers told her to work harder, passed all of her exams. 6 Jo, who / that is only seven years old, is a fantastic painter. 7 My sister started writing novels at university, where / which she won several literary prizes. 8 He has six brothers and sisters, the youngest of who / whom is just two years old.
11 Write a simple sentence about the following topics.
1 Your grandma
2 Your town
3 Your birthday
4 Your last summer holiday
5 Your plans for the future
12 Now add one more piece of information in a relative clause to your sentence and write the whole new sentence in full.
1 2 3 4 5
