¡Descarga The Formation of the Atmosphere and the Creation of Oxygen: A Natural Process y más Apuntes en PDF de Biología solo en Docsity!
- The creation of Oxygen When there’re volcanic activities, or also when the meteorites impact the Earth, it will form those gases: These gases are retained by the gravity, and the clouds will be formed: (Also, the atmosphere will be formed thanks to those gases.) Like those:
The cooling of the planet does that the condensation of water in large clouds Then, the oceans will formed by the heavy rainfall: There’re many atmosphere gases arrive the ocean with the rain (specially CO₂). When the first living organisms are formed (the bacteria), there aren’t any oxygen in the earth. That’s only an example below: Basically, the cycle of the water
- What’s the atmosphere? There’re gases and particles enveloping the earth, that is the atmosphere. The gases: (The oxygen is the second gas in the atmosphere and it’s the product of photosynthesis.) (the nitrogen is very commonest gas in the atmosphere and it barely reacts chemically with other substance. Only some bacteria use it to obtain their food. We use it to create things like agricultural fertilizers) Inside the 1% of others:
- The layers of the atmosphere:
- Exosphere
- Thermosphere
- Mesosphere
- Stratosphere
- Troposphere
- Troposphere: The troposphere is the thinnest, densest , and lower layer. Its height is: 12km above the sea. And it contains the 80% of atmosphere mass. The weather phenomena happen in this layer, because the troposphere contains all atmospheric water. Also, + height – temperature, so for each kilometre the temperature decreases 6.5 °C , in this layer the temperature can be - 58 °C
- Stratosphere: Its altitude: start at 12km It contains about 19% of the air. The temperature increases up to 0 °C, and its lowest temperature could be - 55 °C. - Ozonosphere: Ozonosphere is inside of the stratosphere, and it almost contain all the ozone of the of the atmosphere, also it protects us to the ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
- Mesosphere: Its altitude: start at 80km The temperature can be - 90 °C It’s the coldest layer in the atmosphere, and that protect us to the meteorites, because it melts it.
- Thermosphere: Its altitude: 600km Its temperature: 1000 °C is reached
How can we calculate the density?: P=density M=mass V: Volume No atmosphere, no life The physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere make our planet able to support life. Some of the process that the atmosphere is involved in are vital to life on Earth. These include:
- Temperature regulation: We need the green house effect to regulate the temperature of the planet. The air circulation compensates for the difference in temperatures between the poles and equators.
- Protection against radiation: The outermost layer of the atmosphere and the ozone layer absorb the harmful solar radiations for the living organism:
- X-rays
- Gamma rays
- Ultraviolet rays The atmosphere also acts as a protective layer against the meteorite impact.
- Source of nutrients: Many living organisms get the substance they need to survive directly from the air. Animals and plants, among others, get oxygen to breathe. Plants also use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Without the atmosphere all will be different, the sky maybe will be another colour, we wouldn’t hear music or words… Natural Greenhouse effect: The atmosphere and the surface warm up because they absorb solar energy. Once they have warmed, they start giving off the energy they have absorbed in the form of invisible radiation. Atmospheric gases—especially water vapor and carbon dioxide —absorb part of the energy given off and give it back to the planet. In this way, part of the energy that the surface gives off returns to Earth instead of escaping into the space.
- This phenomenon prevents Earth surface from cooling and helps keep a constant temperature about 14°C. It is called the natural green house
- The earth and its atmosphere do not absorb all the solar energy: about 30% is reflected back into space.
- The Earth surface absorbs almost 3 times as much energy as the atmosphere. Thus, the Earth’s surface warms more than the atmosphere.
- The Earth’s surface, like any other warm body, gives off energy. Most of this energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.
- The atmosphere warms by absorbing energy. Then, like any warm body, it gives off energy. A great deal of this energy is absorbed by the Earth’s surface once more, which’s warmed again.
