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Generar ideas
Las frases
La estructura de una redacción
Opiniones a favor o en contra. Ventajas y desventajas de algo
Eva Jorge Writing Guide & Connectors
First of all, I don’t agree with your opinion. En primer lugar, no estoy de acuerdo con tu opinión.
In my opinion, listening to music is more entertaining than reading history. En mi opinión, escuchar música es más entretenido que leer historia.
Personally, I think reading is more important. Personalmente, creo que leer es más importante.
As far as I am concerned, Salamanca is one of the prettiest cities in Spain. Por lo que a mí respecta, Salamanca es una de las ciudades más bonitas de España.
From my point of view, I don’t think that’s the best option. Bajo mi punto de vista, no creo que ésa opción sea la mejor.
To begin with, I’d say that... Para empezar, yo diría que...
Firstly, I’d like to point out that… Primeramente me gustaría señalar que…
Secondly, I’d like to add that… En segundo lugar, me gustaría añadir que...
Contar una historia
CONECTORES PARA EXPRESAR UNA OPINIÓN PERSONAL
First of all
In my opinion In my view
Personally
As far as I am concerned
From my point of view
To begin with
Firstly
Secondly
In spite of all the noise and traffic, I like living in the city. A pesar de todo el ruido y tráfico, me gusta vivir en la ciudad.
On the contrary, I do think he deserved a better mark. Por el contrario, sí creo que se mereció una nota más alta.
Although he was an excellent person, he was moody. Aunque era una excelente persona, tenía mal carácter.
Susan came in 1994 and has lived here ever since. Susan vino en 1994 y vive aquí desde entonces.
Not only are you funny, but you’re also witty. No sólo eres divertida, sino que además eres lista.
The house looked as if nobody lived there. La casa parecía como si nadie estuviera viviendo allí. It smells as though someone has been smoking here. Huele como si alguien hubiera estado fumando aquí.
Apart from sport, my only other interest outside class is music. Aparte del deporte, mi único interés fuera de las clases es la música.
In addition, there were meetings with the children‘s parents. Además, hubo encuentros con los padres de los chicos.
Comillas is also a beautiful town. Comillas es también un pueblo bonito.
There are many good restaurants; for example, the one just around the corner. Hay muchos buenos restaurantes; por ejemplo, el de la esquina.
In the same way, we could eat first and then leave. De la misma forma, podríamos comer primero y marcharnos después.
I can’t remember when I last wrote. No puedo recordar cuándo fue la última vez que escribí.
As I left the house, I remembered the key. Cuando salía de casa, me acordé de la llave.
While he was standing there, he saw two men enter the bar. Mientras estaba allí, vio a dos hombres entrando en el bar.
In spite of Despite
On the contrary
Although
And
Not only... but also...
As if As though
Apart from (this/that)
In addition Besides Furthermore
Also
For instance For example
In the same way
When
As
While
CONECTORES PARA AÑADIR INFORMACIÓN
CONECTORES QUE INDICAN TIEMPO
Meanwhile, thousands of families were starving. Mientras tanto, miles de familias morían de hambre.
He was previously the British consul in Spain. Fue previamente cónsul británico en España.
Since last month, I haven’t gone to the theatre. Desde el mes pasado no voy al teatro.
I was cleaning, cooking and doing the ironing. In short, I was very busy. Estuve limpiando, cocinando y planchando. En resumen, estuve muy ocupado.
On the whole he is a difficult character. Total que es un personaje muy difícil.
And finally, what do we mean by…? Y por último, ¿qué queremos decir con...?
Previously
Since
Until then Before After Later Then
To sum up In the end In conclusion
In short
On the whole
Finally
Meanwhile In the meantime
CONECTORES PARA CONCLUIR Y RESUMIR LO EXPUESTO
who whom
which that whose where when
The doctor who/that operated on you lives in New York. The teacher with whom you came is my aunt. The table which/that is near the door is broken. The table which/that you bought is not good. The man whose son won the race is very rich. The house whose walls are made of stone is huge. The dog whose owner is crazy is dangerous.
Peter, who is a good friend, is coming with me to Paris. The woman who is holding a dog is my teacher.
The woman who is close to your car is my sister-in-law. La mujer que está junto a tu coche es mi cuñada. The house which is on the hill belongs to my uncle. La casa que está en la colina pertenece a mi tío.
The teacher you came with is my aunt.
The table you bought is no good.
who/that whom which/that
whose
Pronombre Antecedente Función Ejemplos
Mr Brown, who is having serious problems, is a good director. Mr Brown, que está teniendo problemas muy serios, es un buen director. My father, with whom I had a very good time, is now very old. Mi padre, con quien me divertía mucho, está ahora muy mayor.
Pedro, who you came in with, is not very clever.
Carmen dijo: “Me compraré un vestido nuevo mañana.”
Carmen nos dijo que se compraría un vestido nuevo al día siguiente.
Miró, who was a great painter, died at a very old age. Pedro, with whom you came in, is not very clever. My book, which has good information, was cheap. My book, which I read a lot, was printed in Italy. Lorca, whose works are well known, died very young. My dog, whose bark is worse than his bite, is well trained. Her speech, of which she is very proud, lasted one hour.
who whom which
whose
of which
Pronombre Antecedente Función Ejemplos
They suggested going to the party.
Two prisoners have been moved to safer prisons. Se ha trasladado a dos prisioneros a cárceles más seguras. Tables must be reserved in advance. Han de reservarse las mesas con antelación. My cousin was killed in a car accident. Mi primo se mató en un accidente de tráfico. Hundreds of buildings were destroyed by the storm. Cientos de edificios se destruyeron en la tormenta.
La construcción de la pasiva
present simple buys is bought present continuous is buying is being bought present perfect has bought has been bought past simple bought was bought past continuous was buying was being bought past perfect had bought had been bought future simple will buy will be bought future continuous no suele tener no suele tener future perfect will have bought will have been bought modal tenses: present can buy can be bought modal tenses: conditional would buy would be bought going to going to buy going to be bought present infinitive to buy to be bought perfect infinitive to have bought to have been bought
The car isn’t washed every day. No se lava el coche todos los días. How often is the car washed? ¿Con qué frecuencia se lava el coche?
The headmaster was sent a letter.
Cancer is thought to be linked to tobacco. Se cree que el cáncer está asociado al tabaco. Penicillin is said to have saved many lives. Se dice que la penicilina ha salvado muchas vidas.
La transformación del verbo en pasiva
Oraciones pasivas negativas e interrogativas
Tipos especiales de pasiva
Activa Pasiva
If you had studied harder, you would have passed your exam. Si hubieras estudiado más, habrías aprobado el examen. If you hadn’t read English books, you wouldn’t have improved your English. Si no hubieras leído libros ingleses, no habrías mejorado tu inglés.
Condición: pasado perfecto Resultado: condicional perfecto
En oraciones subordinadas con that (que) En expresiones que indican deseo tales como l wish, if only La traducción del castellano al inglés
It is necessary that he be ready. Es necesario que esté preparado.
I wish I knew. Ojalá lo supiera.
Quiero que se vayan. I want them to leave.
Es mejor que me escuches. It is better for you to listen to me. Es necesario que tu hermana venga. It’s necessary for your sister to come. Es demasiado tarde para que salgan. It’s too late for them to go out. Esta pera no está suficientemente madura para que te la comas. This pear is not ripe enough for you to eat.
Puede que llueva mañana. It may rain tomorrow. Pudiera ser que nevara la próxima semana. It might snow next week. ¿Quiere que le traiga un vaso de agua? Shall I bring you a glass of water?
Será mejor que salgamos inmediatamente. We’d better leave at once.
La traducción de los nombres compuestos largos al castellano
La traducción del castellano al inglés
lecture library luxury miserable misery notice official pain parent pavement petrol porter qualifications receipt
suburb success sympathy title topic
lectura librería lujuria miserable miseria noticia oficial pena pariente pavimento petróleo portero calificaciones receta
suburbio suceso simpatía título (académico) tópico
reading bookshop, bookcase lust poor poverty piece of news (army) officer grief, pity relative paving, surface petroleum, oil caretaker, doorkeeper marks, grades (food) recipe, (medical) prescription slum event, happening friendship, charm degree, diploma myth, cliché
conferencia biblioteca lujo triste, abatido pena, tristeza aviso funcionario dolor madre o padre acera gasolina mozo (de estación) requisitos recibo
distrito de las afueras éxito compasión, comprensión título (nobiliario o de libro) tema
Traducción correcta Traducción incorrecta “False friend”
Significado del “False friend”
Traducción correcta Traducción incorrecta “False friend”
Significado del “False friend”
ADJETIVOS
actual affluent anxious brave casual comprehensive confident consistent constipated convenient determined disgusting distinct embarrassed eventual extravagant familiar formal global large miserable ordinary particular pathetic quiet rare
real, verdadero acaudalado, rico intranquilo valiente informal (ropa) global, completo seguro de sí mismo lógico, consecuente estreñido práctico, oportuno decidido, resuelto asqueroso claro, nítido violento, incómodo definitivo derrochador conocido ceremonioso, de etiqueta mundial grande triste, desgraciado corriente concreto, determinado lastimoso, de pena callado, tranquilo poco frecuente
actual afluente (río) ansioso bravo (toro) casual comprensivo confidente (sustantivo) consistente constipado conveniente determinado disgustado distinto embarazada eventual extravagante familiar formal global largo miserable ordinario particular patético quieto raro
present, current tributary ambitious, greedy fierce, ferocious accidental, fortuitous understanding informer firm, solid (to have) a cold advisable given, certain upset, troubled different pregnant, expecting provisional, temporary eccentric, weird colloquial, relative reliable, serious total, complete long wretched, mean vulgar, common peculiar, private tragic still strange, odd, weird
Traducción correcta Traducción incorrecta “False friend”
Significado del “False friend”
rich (food) rude sane sensible serious simple ultimate vague vicious
pesado, empalagoso grosero, maleducado cuerdo sensato, práctico grave (enfermedad) sencillo definitivo impreciso, despistado sádico, con mala idea
rico (comida) rudo sano sensible serio simple último vago vicioso
delicious rough, coarse healthy sensitive reliable, fair ordinary last, latest lazy, vague (things) degenerate
Traducción correcta Traducción incorrecta “False friend”
Significado del “False friend”
actually alternatively casually effectively eventually really ultimately
en realidad, de hecho por otra parte informalmente eficazmente por fin, a la larga de verdad al final
actualmente alternativamente casualmente efectivamente eventualmente realmente últimamente
at present alternately by chance in fact, exactly occasionally, temporarily in fact recently, lately
ADVERBIOS
Traducción correcta Traducción incorrecta “False friend”
Significado del “False friend”
abuse appoint assist attend celebrate injure move presume pretend prevent prove realise record register remove require rest resume retire reveal traduce translate
insultar nombrar ayudar asistir festejar herir, lesionar trasladarse (domicilio) suponer fingir, simular evitar comprobar, demostrar darse cuenta registrar, grabar matricularse quitar, eliminar necesitar descansar reanudar jubilarse revelar (en general) calumniar traducir
abusar apuntar asistir atender celebrar injuriar mover presumir pretender prevenir probar realizar recordar registrar remover requerir restar resumir retirar revelar traducir trasladar
go too far, take advantage of note down, aim (gun) attend, be present pay attention be delighted, hold (meeting) insult move, shake show off try, attempt warn try on (clothes), test carry out, perform remember, remind search, examine stir, turn over send for subtract sum up, summarise remove, withdraw develop (photos) translate move
VERBOS
Contexto Verbos ingleses Ejemplos
ganar un premio, etc. to win After many years of betting, he won the lottery. ganar al contrincante to beat The other player beat (cuando hay objeto) me by two points. ganar al contrincante to win The other players won (sin objeto) by two points. llegar llegar a un lugar (diferente to arrive in / at The tourists will arrive at preposición según tamaño to reach Barajas airport in e importancia) Madrid next Sunday. lograr to succeed in They succeeded in stopping the building of the new road. parecer opinar de acuerdo con un to seem The idea seems fine. juicio general opinar de acuerdo con la to look You look so beautiful! apariencia externa opinar de acuerdo con to sound It sounds like a great una apreciación auditiva experience! parecer algo o parecerse to seem/look/sound like She looks like an actress. a alguien + sustantivo parecer que… to seem It seems they don’t agree. parecer como si... to look/sound as if... You look as if you had cried. quedar quedar como resto to be/ There was nothing left. have left They have nothing left. permanecer to stay/to remain She stayed at home. recordar no olvidar to remember I remember the house where I spent my childhood. recordar algo a alguien to remind Remind me to bring the map. pensar en otra persona o to remind of This film reminds me of cosa al ver a alguien o algo Casablanca. resultar resultar ser to turn out to be They turned out to be Spanish too. resultar que... to turn out that… It turned out that she had been there before. resultarle algo a alguien to find + objeto + adjetivo He finds his job very interesting. tardar utilizar tiempo to take It takes me 5 minutes to go to school. durar to last The concert lasts two hours. tratar aplicar clínicamente to treat They are treating him with antibiotics. relacionarse con to treat He treats his employees very badly. tratar un asunto to deal with This is a difficult matter to deal with. tener relaciones to deal with That firm has never dealt comerciales con with ours.
averiarse buscar comentar cuidar despegar (avión) escuchar esperar explicar
to break down to look for to comment on to look after to take off to listen to to wait for to account for
mirar pagar pedir recordarle a alguien algo seguir, continuar solicitar
to look at to pay for to ask for to remind somebody of something to go on to apply for
alimentarse de contar con declarar la guerra a depender de disparar contra esconder algo a alguien
felicitar a alguien por algo
hablar con imponer a llegar a (hacer algo) llenar de maravillarse de oler a
to feed on to count/rely on to declare war on to depend on to shoot at to hide something from someone to congratulate somebody on something to talk/speak to to impose on to succeed in to fill with to wonder at to smell of/like
parecerse a
pedir prestado a pensar en proveer algo a alguien
reírse de saber a soñar con suministrar algo a alguien traducir a tratarse de algo vestirse con vivir de alguien
to take after, to look like to borrow from to think about/of to provide someone with something to laugh at to taste of/like to dream of/about to supply someone with something to translate into to deal with to dress in to live off someone
VERBOS CON PREPOSICIÓN EN CASTELLANO Y SIN ELLA EN INGLÉS
VERBOS SIN PREPOSICIÓN EN CASTELLANO Y CON ELLA EN INGLÉS
VERBOS CON PREPOSICIONES DIFERENTES EN CASTELLANO E INGLÉS
a causa de because of delante de in front of además de in addition to dentro de in, inside, within al lado de next to después de after a lo largo de along, throughout detrás de behind alrededor de (a)round encima de on top of, above antes de before enfrente de opposite aparte de besides, apart from en medio de in the middle of, a pesar de despite, in spite of among a través de across, through en vez de instead of cerca de near junto a by, next to de acuerdo con according to por encima de over debido a due to
PREPOSICIONES COMPUESTAS
acercarse a acordarse de asemejarse a asistir a (una conferencia) burlarse de carecer de casarse con confiar en, fiarse de disfrutar de
to approach to remember to resemble to attend to mock to lack to marry to trust to enjoy
encontrarse con entrar en estar en contacto con hacer hincapié en influir sobre llegar a salir de sobrevivir a
to meet to enter to contact to stress to influence to reach to leave to survive