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ESSAY
-AIM: Present a coherent argument in response to a question, and to persuade the reader that your
position is credible.
-READER: Teacherstyle: Formal (no contractions, no phrasal verbs, not colloquial expressions, no
idioms)
-STRUCTURE:
TITLE - related to the question INTRODUCTION - introduces the topic PARAGRAPH 1 - elaborate the first idea (Firstly) PARAGRAPH 2 - elaborate the second idea (Secondly) PARAGRAPH 3 - elaborate your own idea (Finally) CONCLUSION - your opinion (In conclusion)
-STYLE: Formal or semi-formal style with a range of vocabulary and linking words. (NEVER USE YOU)
-GRAMMAR STRUCTURES: Some passive and inversion for emphasis.
-KEY VOCABULARY:
BASIC:
-Firstly -Secondly -Finally -In conclusion INTRODUCTION: -Is this really true? -There are arguments for and against the idea. INTRODUCING IDEAS: -One benefit of… is… -An advantage of… is… -On the other hand,... -Another potential advantage is… EXPANDING POINTS: -One reason for this is that… -This is because… -In fact,... -Without a doubt… -Clearly this is… ADDING AND CONTRASTING IDEAS:
-Moreover,... -In addition to this,... -However, this is not always true. -Although it seem that… -Despite this… WRITING A CONCLUSION: -To sum up,... -On balance,... -In conclusion,...
REVIEW
-AIM: To give opinions and recommendations about something so people can make a decision.
-READER: Informal, YOU can be used.
-STRUCTURE:
TITLE - related to the question INTRODUCTION - a question to engage the reader's interest and a brief summary of what you are about to review. PARAGRAPH 1 - positive things about the topic (link ideas and link paragraphs together, use interesting vocabulary) PARAGRAPH 2 - Negative things about the topic (link ideas and link paragraphs together, use interesting vocabulary) CONCLUSION - Give your recommendation clearly. Support your opinion with reasons. It’s important to saywho you are recommending sth to. -Remember to use idioms rather than just plain language: eg if something is bad it ‘leaves a lot to be desired’ etc. -Use Adverbs and Adjectives to make your point more interesting/emphatic. -Basic conclusion: So, if you are a _________ who likes _______, then this is definitely (not) the __________ for you. I recommend you try/watch/see/go (it/there)
-STYLE: Friendly style.
-GRAMMAR STRUCTURES:
MODALS: You simply must try the fish PASSIVE FORMS: It is said to be the best film of it’s genre CONDITIONALS: If you like sushi, you’ll love this place COMPARATIVES: It’s the best there is!
-KEY VOCABULARY:
ENCOURAGING OTHERS (NOT) TO READ/WATCH/LISTEN/BUY…:
-Don't be put off by the title/critics/cover/soundtrack… -One of its biggest drawbacks is its... -A major point in favour of this…….is its……. IDIOMS:
-I was in absolute stitches when…(hilarious) -It took my breath away(astounded me) -It was a lame duck(rubbish) -I couldn't get my head around the fact that...(understand) USEFUL POSITIVE ADJECTIVES: -Fast-moving, intriguing, original, mind-blowing, money well-spent, thrilling… USEFUL NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES: -unconvincing, dreadful,, dull, bland, a complete waste of time and money… USEFUL ADVERBS: -Sadly, -Ironically, -Understandably, -Oddly enough, USEFUL LINKING WORDS: (2 CENTRAL PARAGRAPHS) -The first thing that springs to mind is... -To begin with... -To get the ball rolling, let's talk about... -The first thing that pops into my head is... -Besides that... -I simply cannot forget to include... -Last but by no means least… -What I loved/hated about it was... CLOSING: -I would strongly recommend it to anyone who is a fan of...(+) -I have no doubt in my mind that this…..will appeal to all ages...(+)
ARTICLE
-AIM: To give information and give my own opinion subject.
-READER: An article is like a direct conversation with the reader. The exam question might tell you who
your readers are. For example, the students at a school, or the people living in a town or people who are interested in sports. Everything you write must speak to that reader and engage their interest right from the first sentence.
-STRUCTURE:
TITLE - related to what you are going to talk about. INTRODUCTION - a question to engage the reader's interest and a brief summary of what you are about to review. PARAGRAPH 1 - develop ideas (positive/negatives aspects) PARAGRAPH 2 - develop ideas (positive/negatives aspects) CONCLUSION - answer all the questions in the task
-STYLE: Semi-formal. (Good vocabulary, linkers)
-GRAMMAR STRUCTURES: Phrasal verbs, passive, emphasis...
-KEY VOCABULARY:
INVOLVING THE READER:
-Do you find…? -Then it happened. -Why not try it? USING INTERESTING LANGUAGE: -I came across it by chance. -That felt weird! -I had a bit of a cold. -I felt great. EXPLAINING REASONS: -I don’t, as I get distracted… -I found myself… instead of… -For me it’s very motivating.
STORY
-AIM: a story that captivates the reader about what the exam asks you.
-READER: every story has a different reader depending e type of. The reader can be from a child to
someone old.
-STRUCTURE:
TITLE - word or phrase related to what you are going to talk about. INTRODUCTION - use the first sentence. When, where, who,what, why. MIDDLE - plot (conflict) ENDING - solution of the conflict.
-STYLE: Semi-formal. (Good vocabulary, linkers) The story has to be interesting and entertaining, and
easy to follow.
-GRAMMAR STRUCTURES: Reported speech, passive, phrasal verbs...
-KEY VOCABULARY:
SEQUENCING EVENTS AND USING TIME EXPRESSIONS:
-At first… -Suddenly,... / All of a sudden,... -Then… -After a while… -At that moment… -All at once… BUILDING INTEREST: -Ian felt very bad… -Brilliant, thought Ian,... -She had no idea what it could be… USE INTERESTING VERBS AND ADJECTIVES: -He decided to give up… -She rushed out to the shopping centre. -She was hoping that something would turn up. -very guilty -absolutely delighted
