BRINTON 2: LINGUISTICA INGLESE, Slide di Lingua Inglese

Scarica BRINTON 2: LINGUISTICA INGLESE e più Slide in PDF di Lingua Inglese solo su Docsity!

Università degli Studi di

Napoli L'Orientale

Corso di Lingue e Culture

Comparate mod I

-Appunti di Lingua Inglese-

UNIOR 2016- Prof.ssa Giuseppina Scotto di Carlo

• Brinton- chapter

Phoneme a distinctive or contrastive sound of a language- Distinctive means : its sound makes a difference in the meaning of a word- they can make contrasts [l], [b] are phonemes: lab, tab Phonemes can make minimal pairs : words that have all the same sounds except one. Lab and tab are a minimal pair One sound makes a difference in meaning

Vowel Sounds

Minimal Pairs /ɪ/ and /i:/ s i t s ea t

Minimal Pairs /e/ and /ɪ/ d e sk d i sk

Minimal Pairs /e/ and /eɪ/ w e t w ai t

Minimal Pairs /æ/ and /ʌ/ b a t b u t

Minimal Pairs /əʊ/ and /ɔ:/ s o s aw

Minimal Pairs /ɒ/ and /əʊ/ n o t n o te

Minimal Pairs /æ/ and /e/ b a d b e d

Minimal Pairs /ɑ:/ and /ɜ:/ f a st f ir st

Test: get a phonetic environment (a sequence of sounds). Leave a slot and fill it with different consonants. [_at] pat , bat , sat , mat , gnat , fat , that , vat , cat … [p], [b], [s], [m], [n], [f], [d], [v], and [k] are all phonemes. Any two of these words make a minimal pair The same occurs for vowels: [p_t] pit , peat , pate , pot , pout , put , putt , pat , pet … are all phonemes Phonemes are in parallel distribution meaning they occur in the same phonetic environments = they can occur in the same place.

Allophone: a variant of a phoneme that does not change the meaning of the word Replacing [tʰ] with [t] in top , or [t] with [tʰ] in stop But if you choose an allophone of another phoneme, it changes the meaning of the word = if you change [tʰ] with [kʰ] in top would give cop .)-------------------------- Allophones are in complementary distribution : they always appear in different environments Eg. Tʰ always appears at the beginning of a stressed syllable top vs stop

Phonological processes

Examples of assimilation :

two neighbouring sounds

become similar

NB: in IPA, these sounds are : t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʃ ʒ

1.ŋ is never at the beginning of a

word kɪŋg sɪŋk

2. d͡ʒ is never at the beginning of a

word procedure /prəˈsiːdʒər

ðɪs

3. ð is word initial only with

pronouns, adverbs, articles

never in nouns