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Variabili Casuali: Distribuzioni di Probabilità, Valore Atteso e Varianza - Prof. Conti, Esercizi di Statistica

Una panoramica completa sulle variabili casuali, coprendo sia quelle discrete che continue. illustrando distribuzioni di probabilità, funzioni di massa e densità, valore atteso e varianza, il documento offre esempi pratici ed esercizi per una comprensione approfondita. vengono inoltre presentati concetti chiave come la funzione di distribuzione cumulativa e metodi per il calcolo di probabilità. Particolarmente utile per studenti universitari che affrontano corsi di statistica e probabilità.

Tipologia: Esercizi

2024/2025

Caricato il 26/05/2025

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Scarica Variabili Casuali: Distribuzioni di Probabilità, Valore Atteso e Varianza - Prof. Conti e più Esercizi in PDF di Statistica solo su Docsity!

X

X

! P (!) X

T T T 1 / 8 3

T T C 1 / 8 2

T CT 1 / 8 2

CT T 1 / 8 2

T CC 1 / 8 1

CT C 1 / 8 1

CCT 1 / 8 1

CCC 1 / 8 0

X!

TTT TTC

TCC CCC

CCT

TCT

CTC

0

CTT

1 2 3

S

X

x (^) i P (X = x (^) i ) F (x (^) i ) 0 1 / 8 1 / 8 1 3 / 8 4 / 8 2 3 / 8 7 / 8 3 1 / 8 1 0 1 2 3

P(X = x)

x

F

0 1 2 3

P (X = 2) = 3 / 8

X

Y = 3 X + 2

Y

Y

P r(X = x)

P r(X = x) 0 8 x = 0, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

X^5

x=

P r(X = x) = 1

P r(X = 0) + P r(X = 1) + P r(X = 2) + P r(X = 3) + P r(X = 4) + P r(X = 5) = 1

P r(X = 0) + 0.45 + 0.24 + 0.12 + 0.09 + 0.05 = 1 P r(X = 0) = 1 0. 45 0. 24 0. 12 0. 09 0 .05 = 0. 05

P r(X 2)

P r(X 2) = P r(X = 2) + P r(X = 3) + P r(X = 4) + P r(X = 5) = 0 .24 + 0.12 + 0.09 + 0.05 = 0. 5

P r(X 2) = 1 P r(X < 2) = 1 P r(X = 1) P r(X = 0) = 1 0. 45 0 .05 = 0. 5

μ = E(X) =

X^5

x=

x · P r(X = x)

= 0 · P r(X = 0) + 1 · P r(X = 1) + 2 · P r(X = 2)

  • 3 · P r(X = 3) + 4 · P r(X = 4) + 5 · P r(X = 5) = 0 · 0 .05 + 1 · 0 .45 + 2 · 0 .24 + 3 · 0 .12 + 4 · 0 .09 + 5 · 0 .05 = 1. 9

2 = V ar(X) =

X^5

x=

(x μ) 2 · P r(X = x)

= (0 1 .9) 2 · P r(X = 0) + (1 1 .9) 2 · P r(X = 1) + (2 1 .9) 2 · P r(X = 2)

  • (3 1 .9) 2 · P r(X = 3) + (4 1 .9) 2 · P r(X = 4) + (5 1 .9) 2 · P r(X = 5) = 3. 61 · 0 .05 + 0. 81 · 0 .45 + 0. 01 · 0 .24 + 1. 21 · 0 .12 + 4. 41 · 0 .09 + 9. 61 · 0. 05 = 1. 57

F (x) X x F (x) = P (X  x) x p (^) i x (^) i x

F (x) = 0 ; F (x) = 0. 05 0  x < 1; F (x) = 0 .05 + 0.45 = 0. 50 1  x < 2; F (x) = 0 .05 + 0.45 + 0.24 = 0. 74 2  x < 3; F (x) = 0 .05 + 0.45 + 0.24 + 0.12 = 0. 86 3  x < 4; F (x) = 0 .05 + 0.45 + 0.24 + 0.12 + 0.09 = 0. 95 4  x < 5; F (x) = 0 .05 + 0.45 + 0.24 + 0.12 + 0.09 + 0.05 = 1 x 5;

X x (^) i y (^) i = 3 x (^) i + 2 Y

y (^) i 2 1 4 7 10 13 P (Y = y (^) i ) 0. 05 0. 45 0. 24 0. 12 0. 09 0. 05

Y

μ (^) Y = E(Y ) =

X

y (^) i · P r(Y = y (^) i ) = 2 ⇥ 0 .05 + (1) ⇥ 0 .45 + (4) ⇥ 0 .24 + (7) ⇥ 0 .12 + (10) ⇥ 0 .09 + (13) ⇥ 0. 05 = 3. 7

Y = aX + b Y

E(Y ) = aE(X) + b.

a = 3 b = 2

E(Y ) = 3 · 1 .9 + 2 = 3. 7.

0 1 2 3 4

x

p

F (x) =

0 x < 0

  1. 14 0  x < 1
  2. 31 1  x < 2
  3. 51 2  x < 3
  4. 74 3  x < 4 1 x 4

0 1 2 3 4

x

F

E(X) V ar(X)

x p(x) xp(x) x 2 p(x) 0 0. 14 0. 00 0. 00 1 0. 17 0. 17 0. 17 2 0. 20 0. 40 0. 80 3 0. 23 0. 69 2. 06 4 0. 26 1. 03 4. 11 t 1. 00 2. 29 7. 14

E(X) = 2. 29 V ar(X) = E(X 2 ) E(X) 2 = 7. 14 2. 29 2 = 1. 92

P (X  2) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) =

P (X < 2) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) =

P (X > 2) = P (X = 3) + P (X = 4) =

P (X > 2) = 1 P (X  2)

P (X > 2) = 1 0 .5143 = 0. 4857.

P (1 < X  3) = P (X = 2) + P (X = 3) =

P ( 1 < X  3) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) + P (X = 3),

P ( 1 < X  3) = 1 P (X = 4) = 1

f (x)

(0, 2)

Z 1

f (x)dx =

Z 0

0 dx +

Z 1

0

xdx +

Z 2

1

(2 x)dx +

Z 1

2

0 dx

x x^ 2 2 (2^ ^ x)^ (2x^ ^

x 2 2 )

Z 1

f (x)dx = x 2 2

| 10 + (2x x 2 2

F (x) =

R (^) x 1 f^ (t)dt

F (x) =

0 x < 0 x 2 2 0 ^ x <^1 1 (2x)^

2 2 1 ^ x <^2 1 x 2

0 < x < 1 Z (^) x

f (t)dt =

Z (^) x

0

tdt = x 2 2

1 < x < 2 Z (^) x

f (t)dt =

Z 1

0

tdt +

Z (^) x

1

(2 t)dt =

Z (^) x

1

(2 t)dt =

1 2

Z (^) x

1

2 dt

Z (^) x

1

tdt =

  • 2(x 1) x 2 2

(2 x) 2 2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.

x

F (x)

0 2 4 6 8

Binomiale (8,0.8)

x

p(x)

Bin(8, 0 .8)

P r(X 8 = 5) =

(0.8) 5 (0.2) (85)^ = 0. 1468

P r(X 8 = 8) =

− 4 − 2 0 2 4

N(0,1)

a

− 4 − 2 0 2 4

N(0,1)

b

−0.

− 4 − 2 0 2 4

N(0,1)

c

−0.46 2. − 4 − 2 0 2 4

N(0,1)

d

−1.

z = 0. 68 z = 0

P r( 0. 68  Z  0) = P r(0  Z  0 .68) = P r(Z  0 .68) P r(Z  0) = = F (0.68) F (0) = 0. 7517 0 .5 = 0. 2517 ,

P r(a  Z  0) = P r(0  Z  a) z = 0. 46 z = 2. 21 P r( 0. 46  Z  2 .21) = P r( 0. 46  Z  2 .21) = P r( 0. 46  Z  0) + P r(0  Z  2 .21) = P r(0  Z  0 .46) + P r(0  Z  2 .21) = F (0.46) + F (2.21) 2 ⇤ F (0) = = 0 .6772 + 0. 9864 1 = 0.6636;

z = 1. 28 P r( 1. 28  Z < + 1 ) = P r( 1. 28  Z  0) + P r(0  Z < + 1 ) = = P r(0  Z  1 .28) + P r(0  Z < + 1 ) = = P r(0  Z  1 .28) + P r(1 < Z  0) = = P r(1 < Z  0) + P r(0  Z  1 .28) = = P r(1 < Z  1 .28) = = F (1.28) = 0. 8997.

x x

X ⇠ N (μ = 70000; = 8000)

Z =

X 70000

⇠ N (0; 1),

P r(X < 60000) = P r

X 70000

= P r

Z <

= P r(Z < 1 .25) = 0. 1056

P r(Z < q (^) Z ) = 0. 9 , q (^) Z ⇡ 1. 28

P r(Z > q (^) Z ) = 0. 9 , q (^) Z ⇡ 1. 28

q (^) Z ⇤ 8000 + 70000 = 1 , 28 ⇤ 8000 + 70000 = q (^) X = 59760.

X ⇠ N (μ = 100; = 20)

P r(X < 120) = P r

X 100

= P r

Z <

= P r(Z < 1) = 84.13%

P r(Z < q (^) Z ) = 0. 95 , q (^) Z ⇡ 1. 645

P r(Z < q (^) Z ) = 0 .95 = P r(Z ⇤ 20 + 100 < qZ ⇤ 20 + 100) = 0. 95 , , q (^) Z ⇤ 20 + 100 = q (^) X = 1. 645 ⇤ 20 + 100 = 132. 9.

1 2 3 4 5

x

1/(b

−a)=1/

0 5 10

0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^

x

F(x)

X (0, 10)

E(X) =

Z 1

xf (x)dx =

Z 10

0

x

dx =

x 2 2

V ar(X) =

Z 1

x 2 f (x)dx E(X) 2 =

Z 10

0

x 2

dx 25 =

x 3 3

F (6) =

Z 6

0

dx =

Z 6

0

dx =

x| 60 =

0 5 10

x

1/(b −a)=1/

0 5 10

0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^

x

(x−a)/(b

−a)=x/

− 4 − 2 0 2 4

x

dt(x, 24)

0 5 10 15 20

x

dchisq(x, 5)

  • h(x)
  • l(x)

F (x) =

0 x < 1

  1. 2 1  x < 2
  2. 3 2  x < 3
  3. 6 3  x < 4 1 x 4

(^01 2 3 4) x

P(X = x)

c(−0.04, 1.15)

1 2 3 4 x

1

FX(x)

1 p

n = 1 p = 0.2; 0.5; 0. 8 n p

n = 5 p = 0.2; 0.5; 0. 8 E(Z) = 0 V ar(Z) = 1 P (X 3)

μ

μ = 5, = 1

X Binomiale(n; p) 0 < p < 1

P r(x; n, p) = p(x) =

n x

p x^ (1 p) nx^ ; x = 0, 1 , ..., n

(p + q) n^ =

P (^) n k=

(^) n k

p k^ q nk X^ n

x=

n x

p x^ (1 p) nx^ = (p + (1 p)) n^ = 1 n^ = 1

E(X) =

X^ n

x=

xp(x) =

X^ n

x=

x

n x

p x^ (1 p) nx^ =

X^ n

x=

x

n x

p x^ (1 p) nx^ =

= p

X^ n

x=

x n(n 1)! x!(n x)!

p x^1 (1 p) nx^ = np

X^ n

x=

x (n 1)! x(x 1)!(n x)!

p x^1 (1 p) nx^ =

= np

X^ n

x=

(n 1)! (x 1)!(n x)! p x^1 (1 p) nx^ = np

X^ n

x=

n 1 x 1

p x^1 (1 p) nx^ =

= np

X^ n^1

l=

n 1 l

p l^ (1 p) n^1 l^ = np(p + (1 p)) n^1 = np

(x 1 = l) (p + (1 p)) n^1

V ar(X) =

X^ n

x=

(x E(X)) 2 p(x) =

X^ n

x=

(x np) 2

n x

p x^ (1 p) nx^ = np(1 p)

Binomiale(5; 0, 2)

0 1 2 3 4 5

0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^

x

p(x)

0 1 2 3 4 5

0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^ 0.^

x

F(x)