FREUD AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
CLOZE TEST
An important aspect of psychological development is the establishment of an idea of one's self. This
perception is ______________the development of sexual identity. As a child grows up, it learns
______________ identify similarities and differences with others early on. ______________the
category of 'sexual gender' and its discovery by children. ______________ten months, children
understand that there are male and female individuals. Around the age of one year, they
______________pay attention to their peers.
______________it is not yet clear ______________there is a structural differentiation between males
and females with respect to cognitive strategies. Differences are ______________the 'choice of games',
a choice that is very often something that is taught and not natural. Males, for example, are more
______________movement and construction games or prefer games that ______________male
stereotypes. Females are usually ______________more meditative games or games with dolls and toy
kitchens.
______________a precise relational style is ______________boys and girls: girls are usually more
collaborative, while boys form bonds ______________hierarchical and dominant aspects.
______________ a striking change has been noticed ____________________________, a real reversal:
girls tend to want to excel among others and try ______________themselves, while boys
______________________ ____________________ and collaborate ______________.
Two major theories have been ______________analyzing identity development and, in particular,
have linked this development to sexuality: psychoanalysis and social learning theory.
Psychoanalysis can be defined as the 'energy model of motivation' because it postulates that at the
basis of all behavior there is ______________discharge energy that, otherwise, becomes obscure and
unsustainable. The term was ______________the 20th century from the fusion of 'psyche' and
'analysis'. The former is a Greek term that actually means 'soul' but ______________became
synonymous with 'spirit' and later 'mind'. ____________________________, the term 'analysis' is
formed from the Greek preposition 'ana-' meaning 'equal' and '-lysis' meaning to dissolve.
Sigismund Schlomo Freud, known as Sigmund Freud, (Freiberg, 6 May 1856 - London, 23 September
1939) was an Austrian neurologist, psychoanalyst and philosopher, ______________ psychoanalysis.
He is ______________most influential intellectuals of the 20th century and is ______________having
developed a scientific-philosophical theory, according to which unconscious psychic processes exert
decisive influences on thought, human behavior and interactions between individuals. He
______________establish correlations between the unconscious and the physical structures of the
human mind and body. His theories have also found partial confirmation in modern neurology and
psychiatry.
In psychoanalysis, the infantile sex impulse ______________interpretative processes. Obviously, he
was ______________because Freud ______________ have given too much of a role to sexuality, which
was considered excessive. Instead, his studies were evolutionary ______________.
The psychoanalytic theory ______________the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalyst Sigmund
Freud. According to Freud, the basis of a human being's later relationships is the mother-child
