Inheritance and Biotechnology, Appunti di Lingua Inglese

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1) What is a chromosome? And what are they made of? They are thread-like structures situated inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Every person has got 46 chromosomes inside each of his/her cells. 2) What does inheritance mean in Biology? Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is passed on from one generation to another. 3) Describe the mitosis. It is a kind of cell division: this process produces genetically identical cells. Mitosis is the way in which any cell divides when an organism is growing or repairing a damaged part of its body. 4) Describe the meiosis. It is a kind of cell division: this process produces genetically different cells. Meiosis is the way in which any cell divides its chromosome. Shares out the chromosomes so that each new cell gets just one of each type.number from diploid to haploid. 5) What are stem cells? The cells before they start to become different kinds of cells, are called embryonic stem cells. They have got the ability to produce every kind of specialised cell in the body. By the time they are called adult stem cells and they can produce different kinds of specialisedcell, but in a limited number. 6) What is an allele? An allele is any of two or more alternative forms of a gene. It is