Understanding Cultural Identity and the Role of Translators in Localization Theory, Dispense di Lingua Inglese

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Translation LM94/

PROGRAMMA :

• (^) Translation theories/issues.
• (^) TECHNICAL:
• (^) The reader: email; Lecce home page; model reader.
• Culturemes/Skopos/Localisation theory: Harry Potter; translation of Karst Google use (and abuse).
• (^) FS translation (layout, FAQ) contexting communication styles (use of ‘appropriato’)
• (^) FORMAL:
• (^) Stance: “Information” and models of the world; translator’s bias: Interpretation boards
• (^) Translation Strategies: Newmark/Pederson procedures (1) (2)
• (^) Translation theory: Toury rules; Venuti
• (^) Translation practice: “caffè a Trieste”
• (^) INFORMAL:
• (^) Model reader (reactions to the foreign)
• (^) Salento menu
• (^) Translating literary travel texts; Enzo biagi “I morti”.

Core assumptions:

…starting from the wider area of context [of

situation], … the study of any language …

must be carried out in conjunction with the

study of their culture and of their

environment (Malinowski 1923/1994:6 in Mabin)

“Every message a human being

communicates through language is

communicated in a cultural context.

(Liddicoat 2004: 17)

Effect and affect

• Within emotional research literature, the term

used for the way that emotions affect

cognition is “ emotional affect “.

• changes in awareness, facial expression, body

language, physiological function, and

behaviour.

• positive or negative (Hayes-Roth et al 1997)

• Affect influence motivation / feelings

• cognition - facts. (Cacioppo and Petty 1989)

The text and context of culture

Environment

Behaviour

Strategy/Way/

values

core beliefs

person/culture

Where/when: The text

What we see the language

Doing: the meaning.

How: genre, action chains

Why: preference,

Orientation

Beliefs about ‘the world’

Who:

Cultural identity

To mediate or not to mediate

• (^) IM (Katan 2013: 84) “a form of translatorial intervention which takes account of the impact of cultural distance when translating”.
• (^) Invariance: Invariance-orientation is the mental stance of one person seeking to compose a wording x that in his or her opinion “means more or less the same” as a wording y…translation is seen from the point of view of the translator at the moment of production rather than the point of view of translation users.
• (^) Crystal (2013, p. 41)“I don’t expect my translator to be a mind- reader”.
• (^) This issue, as Mikkelson (2008: 87) states “lies at the crux of the interpreter’s dilemma”.

Western concept of translating

• (^) 1. translating saints, relics …
  • (^) Faithful, sacred .. Formal equivalence
• (^) In Hindi and Tamil:
  • (^) Molipeyarttal =
    • (^) Moli language
    • (^) Peyarttal = form, shape, redeem, recover, wrench by force
  • (^) Moliakum
    • (^) Akum = making process
  • (^) Urai
    • (^) Explanation, commentary (Tschacher 2011)
• (^) Bengali and Gujurati
  • (^) Rupantar = to change form
  • (^) Anuvad = to repeat after, to answer: translation is a dialogue
  • (^) Chayya = shadow (main outlines similar, but inside is necessarily different)

Liaison interpreting

• Company manager to interpreter/daughter

• «Digli che è un imbecille»

• Interpreter (daughter) to client

• «My father won’t accept your offer»

• Company manager to interpreter (daughter)

• «Perché non gli hai detto quello che ti ho

detto di dirgli?»

Which meant …

1 3

74.85 Secretarial and translation activities 7499×

EU document 3037/90, “Nace Rev 1”

EU:

From 2007 …

Norms …

• The International Federation of Translators (FIT 2012

• International Translation Day (2012):

• “Translation as intercultural communication. The

International Federation of Translators salutes all

translators, interpreters and terminologists for their

contribution to bridging the communication divide".

FIT Charter

• “Every translation shall be faithful and render

exactly the idea and form of the original – this

fidelity constituting both a moral and legal

obligation for the translator”.

• "A faithful translation, however, should not be

confused with a literal translation, the fidelity of

a translation not excluding an adaptation to make

the form, the atmosphere and deeper meaning

of the work felt in another language and

country”.

And Council of Europe

Translations are based on the original language only and take into account

the distinctive cultural characteristics of the area where the relevant

language is used ; this requires that translations are done by suitably trained

experts who share the language of the consumers that the product is aimed

at, and that, ideally, they are tested on consumers for comprehension.

ANNEX

INDICATIONS FOR GOOD OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FOR TECHNICAL

CONSUMER GOODS (1)

Indications as enumerated under the different chapters below are to

be considered as non-exhaustive and of an advisory nature:

5. Language of manuals

Consumers have easy access to operating instructions at least in

their own official Community language, in such a way that they

are legible and easy for the consumer to understand.

For the sake of clarity and user-friendliness, language versions

are set out separately from one another.

Mediational role

• The California Healthcare Interpreters Association

(CHIA, 2002, p. 11, emphasis in the original):

• “Interpreters transmit the content, spirit and

cultural context of the original message into the

target language […]

• understand how diversity and cultural similarities

and differences have a fundamental impact on the

healthcare encounter

• [identify] cultural issues and consider […] how and

when to move to a cultural clarifier role”.