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GRAMMATICA:
the continuous aspect (lesson 2) A) present continuous uso: per descrivere azioni in corso mentre si sta parlando, per descrivere un'azione che si svolge in questo periodo, parra descrivere un evento futuro che è già stato programmato una situazione temporanea (es. sta piovendo) , at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now **forma:
- soggetto/am,are,is / verbo in ing** (He's (is) working at the moment.)
- soggetto/am,are,is/ NOT/ verbo in ing (They aren't (are not) coming this evening.) ? am,are,is/soggetto/verbo in ing (What are you doing?) B) Present perfect continuous uso: per esprimere la durata di un'attività iniziata in passato e che sta continuando nel presente, all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long? the whole week **forma:
- soggetto/have been,has been/verbo in ing** (She's (has) been waiting for over three hours) - soggetto/ haven’t been, hasn’t been/verbo in ing (They haven't (have not) been studying for long) ? have,has/soggetto/been/verbo in ing (How long have you been working on that problem?) C) Past continuous uso: azioni iniziate in passato e che è incompleta ancora in corso, when, while, as long as **forma:
- soggetto/were,was/verbo in ing** (He was speaking.) - soggetto/wasn’t,weren’t/verbo in ing (He was not speaking) ? was,were/soggetto/verbo in ing (Was he speaking?)
present simple vs. present continuous (lesson 4) A) present continuous uso: per descrivere azioni in corso mentre si sta parlando, per descrivere un'azione che si svolge in questo periodo, parra descrivere un evento futuro che è già stato programmato una situazione temporanea (es. sta piovendo) , at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now **forma:
- soggetto/am,are,is / verbo in ing** (He's (is) working at the moment.)
- soggetto/am,are,is/ NOT/ verbo in ing (They aren't (are not) coming this evening.) ? am,are,is/soggetto/verbo in ing (What are you doing?) B) present simple uso: abitudini, per azioni avvenimenti ripetuti, per istruzioni o accordi, per descrivere eventi di libri o film, always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …) **forma:
- soggetto/verbo forma base** (He speaks) - soggetto/don’t,doesn’t/verbo forma base (He does not speak) ? do,does/ soggetto/verbo forma base (Does he speak?)
There are a lot of/lots of people I like putting a lot of sugar in my coffee. I like coffee a lot.
- Much + singular uncountable nouns in negative/interrogative and affirmative sentences. Is there much sugar in that cake? I don’t like coffee very much. There’s much sugar in this coffee.
- Many + plural countable nouns in negative/interrogative and affirmative sentences. Were there many people at the concert yesterday? There weren’t many people at the concert. There were many people at the concert. a little / a few vs. little / few (lesson 5)
- A little / little + singular uncountable nouns
- A few/few + plural countable nouns future forms + advanced extension (lesson 7) A) future simple soggetto/ will/won’t/ infinitivo B) Future with Going to Soggetto/ am,are,is/ going to/ infinito C) Future Continuous Sogetto/will, won’t/ be/ verbo in ing D) Future perfect Soggetto/will,won’t/participio passato(reg ed, irrg 2 col) the passive voice (lesson 10) soggetto/was,were,been/verbo(ed, 3 col) conditionals (lesson 12) A) Zero
Il periodo ipotetico zero è usato per fare dichiarazioni sul mondo reale e spesso si riferisce a verità di carattere generale, come un fatto scientifico. In questi tipi di frasi, il tempo è adesso o sempre e la situazione è reale e possibile. Solitamente si usa per indicare azioni e reazioni automatiche che accadono sempre. **If+present simple, present simple:
- soggetto/verbo forma base** (He speaks)
- soggetto/don’t,doesn’t/verbo forma base (He does not speak) ? do,does/ soggetto/verbo forma base (Does he speak?) B) Uno Il periodo ipotetico 1 si riferisce a una condizione possibile e alle sue probabili conseguenze. Queste frasi sono basate su fatti e sono usate per fare dichiarazioni sul mondo reale e su situazioni particolari. Queste frasi sono spesso usate per dare degli avvisi. I periodi ipotetici 1 sono al presente o al futuro e la situazione è reale. If+ simple present, futuro semplice C) Due Il periodo ipotetico 2 si riferisce a una condizione improbabile o immaginaria e alle sue probabili conseguenze. Queste frasi non si basano su situazioni reali. I periodi ipotetici 2 sono al presente o in qualsiasi momento e la situazione è immaginaria. If+ simple past, would infinito D) Tre If+ past perfect, would have VOCABOLI:
Unit 1 wordlist
*** Please write one word per line and verbs as shown, i.e. add (to) AFTER the verb**
English Italian Category
airline COMPAGNIA AEREE noun
average (to) CALCOLARE verb
better life VITA MIGLIORE adjective + noun
charter (to) NOLEGGIARE verb
column COLONNA noun
decrease (to) DIMINUIRE verb
engaged IMPEGNATO adjective
established STABILITO adjective
famine CARESTIA noun
famous shrine SANTUARIO FAMOSO adjective + noun
focus (to) FOCALIZZARE verb
go sightseeing (to) VISITARE LOCALITÀ TURISTICHE noun
growth CRESCITA noun
indicate (to) INDICARE verb
specific audience PUBBLICO SPECIFICO adjective + noun
suitability IDONEITÀ noun
thereby COSÌ DA adverb
to demonstrate ILLUSTRARE verb
unfortunately PURTROPPO, SFORTUNATAMENTE adverb
upload (to) CARICARE verb
weekly blog BLOG SETTIMANALE adjective + noun
Unit 3 wordlist
English Italian Category
aesthetically ESTETICAMENTE adverb
affordable CONVENIENTE
ABBORDABILE
adjective
appear (to) APPARIRE verb
attribute (to) ATTRIBUIRE verb
balance sheet BILANCIO noun
ceiling SOFFITTO noun
distinguishing DISTINTIVO, CARATTERISTICO adjective
earmark (to) RISERVARE verb
entrepreneur IMPRENDITORE noun
fixture IMPIANTO noun
furnished ARREDATO adjective
identical IDENTICO adjective
increasingly SEMPRE DI PIÙ adverb
insurance ASSICURAZIONE noun
invest (to) INVESTIRE verb
involve (to) IMPLICARE verb
legal fees SPESE LEGALI noun
location LUOGO noun
occupancy OCCUPAZIONE noun
prestigious boutique BOUTIQUE PRESTIGIOSA adjective + noun
promote (to) PROMUOVERE verb
reduce (to) RIDURRE verb
refurbishment RISTRUTTURAZIONE noun
regular customer CLIENTE ABITUALE adjective + noun
renew (to) RINNOVARE verb
safety SICUREZZA noun
seed capital CAPITALE INIZIALE noun
situate (to) SITUARE verb
start-up AVVIO noun
supplies (pl.) FORNITURE noun
unlikely IMPROBABILE adjective
wealth RICCHEZZA noun
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Neutral style From: [email protected] to: [email protected] subject: Safari tours in kenya date: 7 June Dear Mrs Velerie Thank you for your enquiry concerning our range of safari tours in kenya. Thaey all start from nairobi- you make your own way there- and take in Rwanda, Burundi and democratic Republic of the Congo. Depending on the length of time you would like to spend on safari , we will send you a concept contract and all the specific requirements for travelling in Africa such as visas, vaccinations and recommended clothing. Many of our clients choose to combine a safari with a stay in mombasa on the indian ocean. If you so wish, we can arrange for reasonably-priced accommodation there and you could travel back on the fomous overnight sleeper train called the Jambo Kenya delluxe which takes you throught the tsavo game park. If you would like to contact me with your dates, numeber of companions,etc., i will send you the full details. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely Melissa Travel consultant Informal style From: [email protected] to: [email protected] subject: Safari tours in kenya date: 7 June Hi velerie Following from our exchange of emails yesterday, could tou pls advise me on your position re transporting bagagge? Surely we cannot expect 172 pax to collect all their bags on arrival and walk 500 metres to the bus pick-up point. Could you please get back to me asap? Regards Me
