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DATI TERMODINAMICI

DI FLUIDI PURI

TABLE 2-305 Thermodynamic Properties of Water

Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule-Thomson Therm. cond. Viscosity K MPa mol/dm^3 dm^3 /mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol!K) kJ/(mol!K) kJ/(mol!K) m/s K/MPa mW/(m!K) μPa!s

2-414^ TABLE 2-305^ Thermodynamic Properties of Water^ ( Continued )

Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule-Thomson Therm. cond. Viscosity K MPa mol/dm^3 dm^3 /mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol!K) kJ/(mol!K) kJ/(mol!K) m/s K/MPa mW/(m!K) μPa!s

TABLE 2-303 Thermodynamic Properties of Toluene

Temperature Pressure Density Volume Int. energy Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound speed Joule-Thomson K MPa mol/dm^3 dm^3 /mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/(mol!K) kJ/(mol!K) kJ/(mol!K) m/s K/MPa

Diagramma

Temperatura Entropia Specifica

dell’acqua

200

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-30 o 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600

Enthalpy, kcal.lkg. --+--

Scale change

FIG.3-23 Enthalpy-pressure diagram for ethylene. [From Benzler and Koch, Chern. Ing. Tech., 27, 71 (1955). Copyright

Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, Bergstrasse, Germany.]

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Enthalpy I k joules!kgm

Basis: enthalpy = 1000, entropy =1.00 at critical point

FIG.3-32 Enthalpy-log-pressure dia§ram for propylene. I k]/kg = 0.2388 cal/g = 0.4299 Btu/lb; I kJ/(kg·K) = 0. cal/(g·K) = 0.2388 Btu/(lb·oR); 1 m /kg = 16.02 ft^3 / lb. [From Stephan and Scherer, Chern. lng. Tech., 33, 417 (1961). Copyright Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim,'BergstrtuJse, Germany. Reproduced by permwsion.)

RAPPORTO C P

/C V

TABLE 2-157 C p /C v : Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at 1 atm Pressure*

Ratio of specific Ratio of specific Tempera- heats, Tempera- heats, Compound Formula ture, °C (γ) = Cp / Cv Compound Formula ture, °C (γ) = Cp / C (^) v

*For compounds that appear in Table 2-184, values are from E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems” in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69 , Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http://webbook.nist.gov). Values for other compounds are from International Critical Tables , vol. 5, pp. 80–82.

13-14 DISTILLATION

FIG. 13-15 Liquid-phase activity coefficients for an ethanol –n- hexane system. [ Henley and Seader, Equilibrium-Stage Separation Operations in Chemical Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1981; data of Sinor and Weber, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 5, 243–247 (1960). ]

TABLE 13-4 Antoine Vapor-Pressure Constants and Liquid Molar Volume*

Antoine constants† Applicable^ v^ L^ , liquid molar temperature volume, cm^3 / Species A B C region, °C g⋅mol

Acetic acid 8.02100 1936.010 258.451 18–118 57. Acetone 7.11714 1210.595 229.664 (−13)–55 74. Benzene 6.87987 1196.760 219.161 8–80 89. 1-Butanol 7.36366 1305.198 173.427 89–126 91. Carbon tetrachloride 6.84083 1177.910 220.576 (−20)–77 97.

Chloroform 6.95465 1170.966 226.232 (−10)–60 80. Ethanol 7.58670 1281.590 193.768 78–203 58. Ethanol 8.11220 1592.864 226.184 20–93 58. Ethyl acetate 7.10179 1244.951 217.881 16–76 98. Formic acid 6.94459 1295.260 218.000 36–108 37.

n -Hexane 6.91058 1189.640 226.280 (−30)–170 131. Methanol 8.08097 1582.271 239.726 15–84 40. Methyl acetate 7.06524 1157.630 219.726 2–56 79. 1-Propanol 8.37895 1788.020 227.438 (−15)–98 75. 2-Propanol 8.87829 2010.320 252.636 (−26)–83 76.

Tetrahydrofuran 6.99515 1202.290 226.254 23–100 81. Water 8.07131 1730.630 233.426 1–100 18.

*Abstracted from Gmehling and Onken, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, DECHEMA Chemistry Data ser., vol. 1 (parts 1–10), Frankfurt, 1977. †Antoine equation is log P sat^ = A − B /( T + C ) with P sat^ in torr and T in °C. NOTE: To convert degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit, °F = 1.8°C + 32. To convert cubic centimeters per gram-mole to cubic feet per pound-mole, multiply by 0.016.

FIG. 13-14 Liquid-phase activity coefficients for an n- heptane–toluene sys- tem at 101.3 kPa (1 atm). [ Henley and Seader, Equilibrium-Stage Separation Operations in Chemical Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1981; data of Yerazunis et al., AIChE J., 10, 660 (1964). ]

TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm*

Pressure, mmHg Melting Compound (^1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760) point,

*Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947). For information on fuels see Hibbard, N.A.C.A. Research Mem.

2-66 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-10 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm ( Continued ) Pressure, mmHg Melting Compound (^1 5 10 20 40 60 100 200 400 760) point,

• 273.16 0.000612 55.497 0.018019 0 1.1E-05 0 0.075978 0.076023 1402.3 −0.24142 561.04 1791. Saturated Properties
• 280 0.000992 55.501 0.018018 0.51875 0.51877 0.001876 0.075669 0.075688 1434.1 −0.23515 574.04 1433.
• 290 0.001920 55.440 0.018038 1.2742 1.2742 0.004527 0.075095 0.075429 1472.1 −0.22720 592.73 1084.
• 300 0.003537 55.315 0.018078 2.0278 2.0279 0.007082 0.074412 0.075320 1501.4 −0.22024 610.28 853.
• 310 0.006231 55.139 0.018136 2.7808 2.7810 0.009551 0.073645 0.075294 1523.2 −0.21393 626.05 693.
• 320 0.010546 54.919 0.018209 3.5339 3.5340 0.011941 0.072811 0.075317 1538.7 −0.20804 639.71 577.
• 330 0.017213 54.662 0.018294 4.2873 4.2876 0.014260 0.071927 0.075373 1548.7 −0.20241 651.18 489.
• 340 0.027188 54.371 0.018392 5.0414 5.0419 0.016511 0.071008 0.075456 1553.9 −0.19690 660.55 421.
• 350 0.041682 54.049 0.018502 5.7964 5.7972 0.018700 0.070070 0.075567 1554.8 −0.19140 668.00 368.
• 360 0.062194 53.698 0.018623 6.5526 6.5538 0.020830 0.069124 0.075708 1552.0 −0.18581 673.76 326.
• 370 0.090535 53.321 0.018754 7.3104 7.3121 0.022906 0.068180 0.075883 1545.8 −0.18005 678.02 291.
• 380 0.12885 52.918 0.018897 8.0701 8.0725 0.024932 0.067247 0.076098 1536.5 −0.17404 681.00 262.
• 390 0.17964 52.490 0.019051 8.8320 8.8354 0.026911 0.066331 0.076357 1524.3 −0.16769 682.83 238.
• 400 0.24577 52.038 0.019217 9.5966 9.6013 0.028847 0.065438 0.076664 1509.5 −0.16092 683.64 218.
• 410 0.33045 51.563 0.019394 10.364 10.371 0.030743 0.064570 0.077026 1492.2 −0.15366 683.52 201.
• 420 0.43730 51.064 0.019583 11.136 11.144 0.032602 0.063731 0.077447 1472.5 −0.14581 682.53 186.
• 430 0.57026 50.541 0.019786 11.911 11.923 0.034427 0.062920 0.077934 1450.6 −0.13728 680.70 173.
• 440 0.73367 49.994 0.020003 12.692 12.706 0.036222 0.062140 0.078495 1426.5 −0.12794 678.05 162.
• 450 0.9322 49.421 0.020234 13.477 13.496 0.037988 0.061390 0.079136 1400.4 −0.11767 674.59 152.
• 460 1.1709 48.824 0.020482 14.269 14.293 0.039729 0.060671 0.079869 1372.2 −0.10631 670.28 144.
• 470 1.4551 48.199 0.020748 15.068 15.098 0.041448 0.059984 0.080706 1342.0 −0.09369 665.12 136.
• 480 1.7905 47.545 0.021033 15.875 15.913 0.043147 0.059327 0.081662 1309.8 −0.07959 659.07 129.
• 490 2.1831 46.861 0.021340 16.690 16.737 0.044830 0.058702 0.082757 1275.7 −0.06372 652.06 123.
• 500 2.6392 46.145 0.021671 17.515 17.573 0.046498 0.058109 0.084013 1239.6 −0.04578 644.05 117.
• 510 3.1655 45.393 0.022030 18.352 18.421 0.048156 0.057548 0.085464 1201.5 −0.02534 634.95 112.
• 520 3.7690 44.603 0.022420 19.200 19.285 0.049807 0.057023 0.087149 1161.3 −0.00189 624.68 107.
• 530 4.4569 43.770 0.022847 20.064 20.165 0.051454 0.056536 0.089124 1119.1 0.025264 613.15 103.
• 540 5.2369 42.889 0.023316 20.943 21.065 0.053102 0.056089 0.091464 1074.6 0.057002 600.26 98.
• 550 6.1172 41.954 0.023836 21.841 21.987 0.054756 0.055690 0.094275 1027.9 0.094527 585.95 94.
• 560 7.1062 40.956 0.024417 22.762 22.935 0.056422 0.055347 0.097713 978.54 0.13949 570.21 90.
• 570 8.2132 39.885 0.025072 23.709 23.915 0.058106 0.055071 0.10201 926.44 0.19425 553.08 87.
• 580 9.448 38.725 0.025823 24.688 24.932 0.059821 0.054881 0.10754 871.23 0.26220 534.74 83.
• 590 10.821 37.456 0.026698 25.707 25.996 0.061577 0.054808 0.11491 812.49 0.34857 515.43 79.
• 600 12.345 36.048 0.027741 26.777 27.119 0.063396 0.054902 0.12526 749.57 0.46172 495.46 75.
• 610 14.033 34.451 0.029026 27.917 28.324 0.065309 0.055258 0.14100 681.27 0.61660 475.03 71.
• 620 15.901 32.577 0.030697 29.160 29.648 0.067371 0.056100 0.16852 604.73 0.84473 454.10 67.
• 630 17.969 30.210 0.033101 30.585 31.180 0.069715 0.058152 0.23108 513.19 1.2251 432.51 62.
• 640 20.265 26.729 0.037413 32.422 33.180 0.072737 0.064521 0.46736 400.66 1.9542 414.93 55.
• 647.1 22.064 17.874 0.055948 36.314 37.548 0.079393 0 3.
• 273.16 0.000612 0.000269 3711.0 42.785 45.055 0.16494 0.025553 0.033947 409.00 592.65 17.071 9.
• 280 0.000992 0.000426 2345.4 42.954 45.280 0.16174 0.025657 0.034073 413.92 477.26 17.442 9.
• 290 0.001920 0.000797 1254.3 43.201 45.609 0.15741 0.025816 0.034270 420.99 351.65 18.031 9.
• 300 0.003537 0.001420 704.01 43.446 45.936 0.15344 0.025982 0.034483 427.89 264.35 18.673 9.
• 310 0.006231 0.002424 412.60 43.690 46.261 0.14981 0.026158 0.034716 434.63 203.74 19.369 10.
• 320 0.010546 0.003978 251.39 43.931 46.582 0.14647 0.026350 0.034980 441.18 161.25 20.117 10.
• 330 0.017213 0.006304 158.62 44.169 46.900 0.14339 0.026568 0.035287 447.54 130.92 20.922 10.
• 340 0.027188 0.009681 103.30 44.404 47.212 0.14054 0.026821 0.035653 453.68 108.77 21.784 11.
• 350 0.041682 0.014448 69.213 44.634 47.519 0.13791 0.027118 0.036091 459.58 92.178 22.707 11.
• 360 0.062194 0.021014 47.586 44.860 47.819 0.13546 0.027469 0.036617 465.22 79.440 23.695 11.
• 370 0.090535 0.029859 33.491 45.079 48.111 0.13317 0.027883 0.037249 470.57 69.427 24.750 12.
• 380 0.12885 0.041537 24.075 45.291 48.393 0.13104 0.028372 0.038004 475.61 61.373 25.875 12.
• 390 0.17964 0.056683 17.642 45.496 48.665 0.12904 0.028944 0.038903 480.32 54.749 27.074 12.
• 400 0.24577 0.076014 13.156 45.691 48.924 0.12715 0.029608 0.039963 484.67 49.181 28.347 13.
• 410 0.33045 0.10034 9.9666 45.876 49.170 0.12537 0.030369 0.041203 488.65 44.405 29.699 13.
• 420 0.43730 0.13055 7.6601 46.050 49.400 0.12369 0.031230 0.042634 492.22 40.237 31.128 13.
• 430 0.57026 0.16765 5.9649 46.211 49.613 0.12208 0.032187 0.044269 495.39 36.550 32.638 14.
• 440 0.73367 0.21276 4.7002 46.359 49.807 0.12054 0.033234 0.046114 498.12 33.259 34.230 14.
• 2-
  • 273.16 0.000612 55.497 0.018019 0 1.1E-05 0 0.075978 0.076023 1402.3 −0.24142 561.04 1791. Saturated Properties
  • 280 0.000992 55.501 0.018018 0.51875 0.51877 0.001876 0.075669 0.075688 1434.1 −0.23515 574.04 1433.
  • 290 0.001920 55.440 0.018038 1.2742 1.2742 0.004527 0.075095 0.075429 1472.1 −0.22720 592.73 1084.
  • 300 0.003537 55.315 0.018078 2.0278 2.0279 0.007082 0.074412 0.075320 1501.4 −0.22024 610.28 853.
  • 310 0.006231 55.139 0.018136 2.7808 2.7810 0.009551 0.073645 0.075294 1523.2 −0.21393 626.05 693.
  • 320 0.010546 54.919 0.018209 3.5339 3.5340 0.011941 0.072811 0.075317 1538.7 −0.20804 639.71 577.
  • 330 0.017213 54.662 0.018294 4.2873 4.2876 0.014260 0.071927 0.075373 1548.7 −0.20241 651.18 489.
  • 340 0.027188 54.371 0.018392 5.0414 5.0419 0.016511 0.071008 0.075456 1553.9 −0.19690 660.55 421.
  • 350 0.041682 54.049 0.018502 5.7964 5.7972 0.018700 0.070070 0.075567 1554.8 −0.19140 668.00 368.
  • 360 0.062194 53.698 0.018623 6.5526 6.5538 0.020830 0.069124 0.075708 1552.0 −0.18581 673.76 326.
  • 370 0.090535 53.321 0.018754 7.3104 7.3121 0.022906 0.068180 0.075883 1545.8 −0.18005 678.02 291.
  • 380 0.12885 52.918 0.018897 8.0701 8.0725 0.024932 0.067247 0.076098 1536.5 −0.17404 681.00 262.
  • 390 0.17964 52.490 0.019051 8.8320 8.8354 0.026911 0.066331 0.076357 1524.3 −0.16769 682.83 238.
  • 400 0.24577 52.038 0.019217 9.5966 9.6013 0.028847 0.065438 0.076664 1509.5 −0.16092 683.64 218.
  • 410 0.33045 51.563 0.019394 10.364 10.371 0.030743 0.064570 0.077026 1492.2 −0.15366 683.52 201.
  • 420 0.43730 51.064 0.019583 11.136 11.144 0.032602 0.063731 0.077447 1472.5 −0.14581 682.53 186.
  • 430 0.57026 50.541 0.019786 11.911 11.923 0.034427 0.062920 0.077934 1450.6 −0.13728 680.70 173.
  • 440 0.73367 49.994 0.020003 12.692 12.706 0.036222 0.062140 0.078495 1426.5 −0.12794 678.05 162.
  • 450 0.9322 49.421 0.020234 13.477 13.496 0.037988 0.061390 0.079136 1400.4 −0.11767 674.59 152.
  • 460 1.1709 48.824 0.020482 14.269 14.293 0.039729 0.060671 0.079869 1372.2 −0.10631 670.28 144.
  • 470 1.4551 48.199 0.020748 15.068 15.098 0.041448 0.059984 0.080706 1342.0 −0.09369 665.12 136.
  • 480 1.7905 47.545 0.021033 15.875 15.913 0.043147 0.059327 0.081662 1309.8 −0.07959 659.07 129.
  • 490 2.1831 46.861 0.021340 16.690 16.737 0.044830 0.058702 0.082757 1275.7 −0.06372 652.06 123.
  • 500 2.6392 46.145 0.021671 17.515 17.573 0.046498 0.058109 0.084013 1239.6 −0.04578 644.05 117.
  • 510 3.1655 45.393 0.022030 18.352 18.421 0.048156 0.057548 0.085464 1201.5 −0.02534 634.95 112.
  • 520 3.7690 44.603 0.022420 19.200 19.285 0.049807 0.057023 0.087149 1161.3 −0.00189 624.68 107.
  • 530 4.4569 43.770 0.022847 20.064 20.165 0.051454 0.056536 0.089124 1119.1 0.025264 613.15 103.
  • 540 5.2369 42.889 0.023316 20.943 21.065 0.053102 0.056089 0.091464 1074.6 0.057002 600.26 98.
  • 550 6.1172 41.954 0.023836 21.841 21.987 0.054756 0.055690 0.094275 1027.9 0.094527 585.95 94.
  • 560 7.1062 40.956 0.024417 22.762 22.935 0.056422 0.055347 0.097713 978.54 0.13949 570.21 90.
  • 570 8.2132 39.885 0.025072 23.709 23.915 0.058106 0.055071 0.10201 926.44 0.19425 553.08 87.
  • 580 9.448 38.725 0.025823 24.688 24.932 0.059821 0.054881 0.10754 871.23 0.26220 534.74 83.
  • 590 10.821 37.456 0.026698 25.707 25.996 0.061577 0.054808 0.11491 812.49 0.34857 515.43 79.
  • 600 12.345 36.048 0.027741 26.777 27.119 0.063396 0.054902 0.12526 749.57 0.46172 495.46 75.
  • 610 14.033 34.451 0.029026 27.917 28.324 0.065309 0.055258 0.14100 681.27 0.61660 475.03 71.
  • 620 15.901 32.577 0.030697 29.160 29.648 0.067371 0.056100 0.16852 604.73 0.84473 454.10 67.
  • 630 17.969 30.210 0.033101 30.585 31.180 0.069715 0.058152 0.23108 513.19 1.2251 432.51 62.
  • 640 20.265 26.729 0.037413 32.422 33.180 0.072737 0.064521 0.46736 400.66 1.9542 414.93 55.
  • 647.1 22.064 17.874 0.055948 36.314 37.548 0.079393 0 3.
  • 273.16 0.000612 0.000269 3711.0 42.785 45.055 0.16494 0.025553 0.033947 409.00 592.65 17.071 9.
  • 280 0.000992 0.000426 2345.4 42.954 45.280 0.16174 0.025657 0.034073 413.92 477.26 17.442 9.
  • 290 0.001920 0.000797 1254.3 43.201 45.609 0.15741 0.025816 0.034270 420.99 351.65 18.031 9.
  • 300 0.003537 0.001420 704.01 43.446 45.936 0.15344 0.025982 0.034483 427.89 264.35 18.673 9.
  • 310 0.006231 0.002424 412.60 43.690 46.261 0.14981 0.026158 0.034716 434.63 203.74 19.369 10.
  • 320 0.010546 0.003978 251.39 43.931 46.582 0.14647 0.026350 0.034980 441.18 161.25 20.117 10.
  • 330 0.017213 0.006304 158.62 44.169 46.900 0.14339 0.026568 0.035287 447.54 130.92 20.922 10.
  • 340 0.027188 0.009681 103.30 44.404 47.212 0.14054 0.026821 0.035653 453.68 108.77 21.784 11.
  • 350 0.041682 0.014448 69.213 44.634 47.519 0.13791 0.027118 0.036091 459.58 92.178 22.707 11.
  • 360 0.062194 0.021014 47.586 44.860 47.819 0.13546 0.027469 0.036617 465.22 79.440 23.695 11.
  • 370 0.090535 0.029859 33.491 45.079 48.111 0.13317 0.027883 0.037249 470.57 69.427 24.750 12.
  • 380 0.12885 0.041537 24.075 45.291 48.393 0.13104 0.028372 0.038004 475.61 61.373 25.875 12.
  • 390 0.17964 0.056683 17.642 45.496 48.665 0.12904 0.028944 0.038903 480.32 54.749 27.074 12.
  • 400 0.24577 0.076014 13.156 45.691 48.924 0.12715 0.029608 0.039963 484.67 49.181 28.347 13.
  • 410 0.33045 0.10034 9.9666 45.876 49.170 0.12537 0.030369 0.041203 488.65 44.405 29.699 13.
  • 420 0.43730 0.13055 7.6601 46.050 49.400 0.12369 0.031230 0.042634 492.22 40.237 31.128 13.
  • 430 0.57026 0.16765 5.9649 46.211 49.613 0.12208 0.032187 0.044269 495.39 36.550 32.638 14.
  • 440 0.73367 0.21276 4.7002 46.359 49.807 0.12054 0.033234 0.046114 498.12 33.259 34.230 14.
• 2-
  • 450 0.93220 0.26711 3.7438 46.492 49.982 0.11907 0.034362 0.048177 500.41 30.307 35.904 14. Saturated Properties
  • 460 1.1709 0.33209 3.0113 46.609 50.134 0.11764 0.035561 0.050469 502.24 27.653 37.663 15.
  • 470 1.4551 0.40925 2.4435 46.708 50.263 0.11627 0.036821 0.053005 503.60 25.265 39.512 15.
  • 480 1.7905 0.50035 1.9986 46.788 50.367 0.11493 0.038137 0.055809 504.45 23.118 41.455 15.
  • 490 2.1831 0.60738 1.6464 46.848 50.442 0.11362 0.039503 0.058919 504.78 21.187 43.502 16.
  • 500 2.6392 0.73265 1.3649 46.885 50.487 0.11233 0.040920 0.062388 504.55 19.450 45.666 16.
  • 510 3.1655 0.87884 1.1379 46.898 50.500 0.11105 0.042391 0.066289 503.71 17.886 47.969 17.
  • 520 3.7690 1.0491 0.95318 46.883 50.475 0.10979 0.043920 0.070723 502.23 16.475 50.442 17.
  • 530 4.4569 1.2473 0.80174 46.838 50.411 0.10852 0.045519 0.075827 500.05 15.197 53.130 17.
  • 540 5.2369 1.4780 0.67659 46.758 50.302 0.10724 0.047197 0.081789 497.10 14.035 56.102 18.
  • 550 6.1172 1.7471 0.57238 46.641 50.142 0.10595 0.048968 0.088873 493.31 12.973 59.456 18.
  • 560 7.1062 2.0620 0.48497 46.478 49.925 0.10462 0.050848 0.097461 488.58 11.997 63.341 19.
  • 570 8.2132 2.4325 0.41110 46.264 49.641 0.10324 0.052856 0.10813 482.79 11.093 67.981 19.
  • 580 9.4480 2.8720 0.34819 45.988 49.278 0.10180 0.055017 0.12178 475.80 10.248 73.721 20.
  • 590 10.821 3.3994 0.29417 45.636 48.819 0.10026 0.057361 0.13994 467.41 9.4499 81.108 20.
  • 600 12.345 4.0434 0.24732 45.188 48.242 0.098600 0.059939 0.16540 457.33 8.6837 91.052 21.
  • 610 14.033 4.8497 0.20620 44.613 47.506 0.096755 0.062831 0.20384 445.11 7.9329 105.17 22.
  • 620 15.901 5.9009 0.16946 43.855 46.550 0.094631 0.066197 0.26923 429.99 7.1743 126.66 23.
  • 630 17.969 7.3737 0.13562 42.801 45.238 0.092029 0.070465 0.40819 410.21 6.3669 163.44 25.
  • 640 20.265 9.8331 0.10170 41.095 43.156 0.088324 0.077576 0.94736 379.64 5.3854 250.01 27.
  • 647.1 22.064 17.874 0.055948 36.314 37.548 0.079393 0 3.
  • 300 0.1 55.317 0.018078 2.0277 2.0295 0.007081 0.074406 0.075315 1501.5 −0.22024 610.32 853. Single-Phase Properties
  • 372.76 0.1 53.212 0.018793 7.5196 7.5214 0.02347 0.067921 0.075938 1543.5 −0.17843 678.97 282.
  • 372.76 0.1 0.032769 30.517 45.138 48.190 0.13257 0.02801 0.037444 471.99 67.038 25.053 12.
  • 400 0.1 0.030397 32.898 45.900 49.189 0.13516 0.02717 0.036170 490.31 47.254 27.008 13.
  • 500 0.1 0.024154 41.401 48.619 52.759 0.14313 0.02717 0.035693 548.31 19.298 35.861 17.
  • 600 0.1 0.020086 49.786 51.387 56.365 0.14970 0.028103 0.036513 598.61 10.567 46.367 21.
  • 700 0.1 0.017201 58.136 54.256 60.069 0.15541 0.029225 0.037592 643.92 6.6444 57.964 25.
  • 800 0.1 0.015044 66.471 57.240 63.887 0.16050 0.030431 0.038778 685.47 4.5167 70.385 29.
  • 900 0.1 0.013369 74.799 60.347 67.827 0.16514 0.031687 0.040024 724.03 3.2280 83.466 33.
• 1000 0.1 0.012030 83.123 63.581 71.893 0.16943 0.032963 0.041293 760.17 2.3885 97.085 37.
• 1100 0.1 0.010936 91.444 66.941 76.085 0.17342 0.034228 0.042554 794.33 1.8122 111.15 41.
• 1200 0.1 0.010024 99.763 70.426 80.402 0.17718 0.035458 0.043781 826.85 1.4006 125.58 45.
  • 300 1 55.340 0.018070 2.0263 2.0444 0.007077 0.074353 0.075270 1503.0 −0.22022 610.73 853.
  • 400 1 52.060 0.019209 9.5914 9.6106 0.028834 0.065422 0.076628 1511.3 −0.16113 684.10 218.
  • 453.03 1 49.243 0.020307 13.717 13.737 0.038518 0.061169 0.079348 1392.0 −0.11435 673.37 150.
  • 453.03 1 0.28559 3.5015 46.529 50.030 0.11863 0.034718 0.048846 501.02 29.473 36.427 15.
  • 500 1 0.25158 3.9749 48.111 52.086 0.12295 0.030084 0.041065 535.74 19.741 38.799 17.
  • 600 1 0.20466 4.8861 51.123 56.009 0.13011 0.029002 0.038358 592.58 10.615 47.636 21.
  • 700 1 0.17377 5.7547 54.087 59.842 0.13602 0.029629 0.038495 640.55 6.6387 58.735 25.
  • 800 1 0.15134 6.6074 57.121 63.729 0.14121 0.030651 0.039301 683.48 4.5077 70.983 29.
  • 900 1 0.13418 7.4524 60.258 67.710 0.14590 0.031821 0.040358 722.85 3.2212 84.000 33.
• 1000 1 0.12058 8.2932 63.511 71.804 0.15021 0.033051 0.041522 759.50 2.3837 97.573 37.
• 1100 1 0.10951 9.1313 66.885 76.016 0.15422 0.034290 0.042719 794.01 1.8089 111.57 41.
• 1200 1 0.10032 9.9677 70.380 80.347 0.15799 0.035504 0.043905 826.77 1.3982 125.89 45.
  • 300 5 55.439 0.018038 2.0204 2.1106 0.007057 0.074119 0.075070 1509.8 −0.22012 612.54 853.
  • 400 5 52.173 0.019167 9.5643 9.6601 0.028766 0.065337 0.076438 1520.9 −0.16222 686.54 219.
  • 500 5 46.267 0.021614 17.474 17.582 0.046415 0.058082 0.083643 1250.0 −0.04945 646.52 118.
  • 537.09 5 43.151 0.023175 20.685 20.801 0.052622 0.056215 0.090740 1087.8 0.047232 604.15 100.
  • 537.09 5 1.4072 0.71063 46.785 50.338 0.10762 0.046699 0.079952 498.04 14.362 55.203 18.
  • 600 5 1.1320 0.88340 49.734 54.151 0.11436 0.034611 0.051045 561.07 10.407 54.653 21.
  • 700 5 0.91269 1.0957 53.286 58.765 0.12148 0.031678 0.043318 624.59 6.5536 62.680 25.
• 2-
  • 178.00 3.9393E-08 10.580 0.094517 −31.779 −31.779 −0.11617 0.094332 0.13565 1887.6 −0. Saturated Properties
  • 180.00 5.5336E-08 10.559 0.094708 −31.508 −31.508 −0.11466 0.094377 0.13561 1876.5 −0.
  • 200.00 1.0833E-06 10.349 0.096627 −28.792 −28.792 −0.10035 0.095732 0.13627 1768.3 −0.
  • 220.00 1.1479E-05 10.144 0.098582 −26.046 −26.046 −0.087266 0.098418 0.13855 1664.8 −0.
  • 240.00 7.7542E-05 9.9416 0.10059 −23.242 −23.242 −0.075068 0.10209 0.14205 1565.9 −0.
  • 260.00 0.00037312 9.7408 0.10266 −20.358 −20.358 −0.063529 0.10651 0.14648 1471.5 −0.
  • 280.00 0.0013829 9.5402 0.10482 −17.378 −17.378 −0.052490 0.11147 0.15162 1381.2 −0.
  • 300.00 0.0041774 9.3385 0.10708 −14.290 −14.289 −0.041839 0.11682 0.15729 1294.5 −0.
  • 320.00 0.010727 9.1347 0.10947 −11.084 −11.083 −0.031496 0.12243 0.16337 1210.9 −0.
  • 340.00 0.024170 8.9275 0.11201 −7.7538 −7.7511 −0.021403 0.12819 0.16976 1130.0 −0.
  • 360.00 0.048980 8.7157 0.11474 −4.2939 −4.2882 −0.011516 0.13403 0.17640 1051.3 −0.
  • 380.00 0.090988 8.4979 0.11768 −0.70017 −0.68946 −0.0018023 0.13988 0.18325 974.11 −0.
  • 400.00 0.15731 8.2722 0.12089 3.0306 3.0496 0.0077653 0.14571 0.19032 898.08 −0.
  • 420.00 0.25622 8.0367 0.12443 6.9017 6.9336 0.017209 0.15148 0.19764 822.67 −0.
  • 440.00 0.39698 7.7887 0.12839 10.917 10.968 0.026551 0.15718 0.20531 747.37 −0.
  • 460.00 0.58974 7.5246 0.13290 15.082 15.160 0.035811 0.16280 0.21350 671.66 −0.
  • 480.00 0.84559 7.2394 0.13813 19.404 19.521 0.045015 0.16836 0.22253 594.94 0.
  • 500.00 1.1766 6.9258 0.14439 23.896 24.066 0.054196 0.17388 0.23298 516.53 0.
  • 520.00 1.5964 6.5719 0.15216 28.580 28.823 0.063400 0.17943 0.24610 435.57 0.
  • 540.00 2.1207 6.1562 0.16244 33.494 33.839 0.072709 0.18518 0.26495 350.82 0.
  • 560.00 2.7691 5.6334 0.17751 38.729 39.220 0.082291 0.19153 0.30025 260.06 1.
  • 580.00 3.5688 4.8513 0.20613 44.585 45.321 0.092723 0.20008 0.44025 157.29 4.
  • 591.75 4.1264 3.1690 0.31556 50.827 52.129 0.10409 0 19.
  • 178.00 3.9393E-08 2.6618E-08 37,569,000. 12.076 13.556 0.13852 0.054735 0.063049 136.02 821.
  • 180.00 5.5336E-08 3.6974E-08 27,046,000. 12.186 13.683 0.13640 0.055322 0.063636 136.69 783.
  • 200.00 1.0833E-06 6.5146E-07 1,535,000. 13.353 15.016 0.11869 0.061435 0.069750 143.14 496.
  • 220.00 1.1479E-05 6.2760E-06 159,340. 14.646 16.475 0.10601 0.067930 0.076246 149.27 328.
  • 240.00 7.7542E-05 3.8866E-05 25,729. 16.071 18.066 0.097048 0.074733 0.083057 155.12 225.
  • 260.00 0.00037312 0.00017271 5,790.1 17.632 19.793 0.090897 0.081779 0.090124 160.70 159.
  • 280.00 0.0013829 0.00059503 1,680.6 19.331 21.655 0.086914 0.089005 0.097403 166.00 116.
  • 300.00 0.0041774 0.0016815 594.71 21.165 23.649 0.084624 0.096358 0.10486 170.96 87.
  • 320.00 0.010727 0.0040644 246.04 23.130 25.769 0.083666 0.10379 0.11248 175.47 67.
  • 340.00 0.024170 0.0086767 115.25 25.218 28.003 0.083758 0.11127 0.12026 179.42 53.
  • 360.00 0.048980 0.016770 59.631 27.421 30.342 0.084678 0.11875 0.12819 182.67 42.
  • 380.00 0.090988 0.029922 33.420 29.730 32.770 0.086250 0.12622 0.13630 185.07 35.
  • 400.00 0.15731 0.050060 19.976 32.133 35.275 0.088329 0.13364 0.14463 186.44 30.
  • 420.00 0.25622 0.079525 12.575 34.618 37.840 0.090796 0.14100 0.15326 186.62 26.
  • 440.00 0.39698 0.12122 8.2496 37.172 40.447 0.093548 0.14832 0.16234 185.42 23.
  • 460.00 0.58974 0.17889 5.5901 39.776 43.073 0.096491 0.15558 0.17214 182.60 21.
  • 480.00 0.84559 0.25767 3.8810 42.408 45.690 0.099533 0.16283 0.18316 177.87 19.
  • 500.00 1.1766 0.36515 2.7386 45.035 48.257 0.10258 0.17013 0.19639 170.89 19.
  • 520.00 1.5964 0.51366 1.9468 47.606 50.713 0.10550 0.17758 0.21403 161.17 19.
  • 540.00 2.1207 0.72590 1.3776 50.033 52.955 0.10811 0.18540 0.24190 148.11 19.
  • 560.00 2.7691 1.0524 0.95020 52.136 54.768 0.11005 0.19407 0.30118 130.92 21.
  • 580.00 3.5688 1.6605 0.60222 53.371 55.520 0.11031 0.20499 0.55687 108.57 23.
  • 591.75 4.1264 3.1690 0.31556 50.827 52.129 0.10409 0 19.
• Acetic acid C2H4O 2 136 1.15 iodide HI 20–100 1. Acetaldehyde C2H4O 30 1.14 Hydrogen ( Cont. )
• Acetylene C2H2 15 1.26 sulfide H2S 15 1. - − 71 1.31 − 45 1.
• Air 925 1.36 − 57 1. - 17 1. - − 78 1.408 Iodine I 2 185 1. - − 118 1.415 Isobutane C 4 H 10 15 1.
• Ammonia NH 3 15 1.
• Argon Ar 15 1.670 Krypton Kr 19 1. - − 180 1. - 0–100 1.67 Mercury Hg 360 1. - Methane CH 4 600 1.
• Benzene C6H6 90 1.10 300 1.
• Bromine Br 2 20–350 1.32 15 1. - − 80 1.
• Carbon dioxide CO 2 15 1.299 − 115 1. - − 75 1.37 Methyl acetate C 3 H 6 O 2 15 1.
  • disulfide CS 2 100 1.21 alcohol CH 4 O 77 1.
  • monoxide CO 15 1.402 ether C 2 H 6 O 6–30 1. - − 180 1.433 Methylal C 3 H 8 O 2 13 1.
• Chlorine Cl 2 15 1.355 40 1.
• Chloroform CHCl 3 100 1.
• Cyanogen (CN) 2 15 1.256 Neon Ne 19 1.
• Cyclohexane C 6 H12 80 1.315 Nitric oxide NO 15 1. - − 45 1.
• Dichlorodifluormethane CCl 2 F 2 25 1.139 − 80 1. - Nitrogen N 2 15 1.
• Ethane C 2 H6 100 1.157 − 181 1. - 15 1.200 Nitrous oxide N 2 O 100 1. - − 82 1.28 15 1.
• Ethyl alcohol C 2 H6O 90 1.13 − 30 1.
  • ether C 4 H10O 35 1.08 − 70 1. - 80 1.
• Ethylene C 2 H4 100 1.201 Oxygen O 2 15 1. - 15 1.253 − 76 1. - − 91 1.345 − 181 1.
• Helium He − 180 1.667 Pentane ( n- ) C 5 H 12 86 1.
• Hexane ( n- ) C 6 H14 80 1.066 Phosphorus P 300 1.
• Hydrogen H 2 15 1.407 Potassium K 850 1. - − 76 1. - − 181 1.607 Sodium Na 750–920 1.
  • bromide HBr 20 1.42 Sulfur dioxide SO 2 15 1.
  • chloride HCl 15 1. - 100 1.40 Xenon Xe 19 1.
  • cyanide HCN 65 1. - 140 1. - 210 1.
• Trifluorochlorosilane SiF3Cl −144.0 −133.0 −127.0 −120.5 −112.8 −108.2 −101.7 −91.7 −81.0 −70.0 − Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
• Hexafluorodisilane Si2F6 −81.0 −68.8 −63.1 −57.0 −50.6 −46.7 −41.7 −34.2 −26.4 −18.9 −18.
• Dichlorofluorobromosilane SiFCl2Br −86.5 −68.4 −59.0 −48.8 −37.0 −29.0 −19.5 −3.2 +15.4 35.4 −112.
• Dibromochlorofluorosilane SiFClBr 2 −65.2 −45.5 −35.6 −24.5 −12.0 −4.7 +6.3 23.0 43.0 59.5 −99.
• Silane SiH 4 −179.3 −168.6 −163.0 −156.9 −150.3 −146.3 −140.5 −131.6 −122.0 −111.5 −
• Disilane Si2H6 −114.8 −99.3 −91.4 −82.7 −72.8 −66.4 −57.5 −44.6 −29.0 −14.3 −132.
• Silver Ag 1357 1500 1575 1658 1743 1795 1865 1971 2090 2212 960.
  • chloride AgCl
  • iodide AgI
• Sodium Na 439 511 549 589 633 662 701 758 823 892 97.
  • bromide NaBr
  • chloride NaCl
  • cyanide NaCN
  • fluoride NaF
  • hydroxide NaOH
  • iodide NaI
• Strontium Sr
• Strontium oxide SrO
• Sulfur S 183.8 223.0 243.8 264.7 288.3 305.5 327.2 359.7 399.6 444.6 112.
  • monochloride S 2 Cl 2 −7.4 +15.7 27.5 40.0 54.1 63.2 75.3 93.5 115.4 138.0 −
  • hexafluoride SF 6 −132.7 −120.6 −114.7 −108.4 −101.5 −96.8 −90.9 −82.3 −72.6 −63.5 −50.
• Sulfuryl chloride SO 2 Cl 2 −35.1 −24.8 −13.4 −1.0 +7.2 17.8 33.7 51.3 69.2 −54.
• Sulfur dioxide SO 2 −95.5 −83.0 −76.8 −69.7 −60.5 −54.6 −46.9 −35.4 −23.0 −10.0 −73.
  • trioxide (α) SO 3 −39.0 −23.7 −16.5 −9.1 −1.0 +4.0 10.5 20.5 32.6 44.8 16.
  • trioxide (β) SO 3 −34.0 −19.2 −12.3 −4.9 +3.2 8.0 14.3 23.7 32.6 44.8 32.
  • trioxide (γ) SO 3 −15.3 −2.0 +4.3 11.1 17.9 21.4 28.0 35.8 44.0 51.6 62.
• Tellurium Te
  • chloride TeCl
  • fluoride TeF 6 −111.3 −98.8 −92.4 −86.0 −78.4 −73.8 −67.9 −57.3 −48.2 −38.6 −37.
• Thallium Tl
• Thallous bromide TlBr
  • chloride TlCl
  • iodide TlI
• Thionyl bromide SOBr 2 −6.7 +18.4 31.0 44.1 58.8 68.3 80.6 99.0 119.2 139.5 −52.
• Thionyl chloride SOCl 2 −52.9 −32.4 −21.9 −10.5 +2.2 10.4 21.4 37.9 56.5 75.4 −104.
• Tin Sn 1492 1634 1703 1777 1855 1903 1968 2063 2169 2270 231.
• Stannic bromide SnBr 4 58.3 72.7 88.1 105.5 116.2 131.0 152.8 177.7 204.7 31.
• Stannous chloride SnCl 2 316 366 391 420 450 467 493 533 577 623 246.
• Stannic chloride SnCl 4 −22.7 −1.0 +10.0 22.0 35.2 43.5 54.7 72.0 92.1 113.0 −30.
  • iodide SnI 4 156.0 175.8 196.2 218.8 234.2 254.2 283.5 315.5 348.0 144.
  • hydride SnH 4 −140.0 −125.8 −118.5 −111.2 −102.3 −96.6 −89.2 −78.0 −65.2 −52.3 −149.
• Tin tetramethyl Sn(CH 3 ) 4 −51.3 −31.0 −20.6 −9.3 +3.5 11.7 22.8 39.8 58.5 78.
  • trimethyl-ethyl Sn(CH 3 ) 3 ·C 2 H5 −30.0 −7.6 +3.8 16.1 30.0 38.4 50.0 67.3 87.6 108.
  • trimethyl-propyl Sn(CH 3 ) 3 ·C 3 H7 −12.0 +10.7 21.8 34.0 48.5 57.5 69.8 88.0 109.6 131.
• Titanium chloride TiCl 4 −13.9 +9.4 21.3 34.2 48.4 58.0 71.0 90.5 112.7 136.0 −
• Tungsten W
• Tungsten hexafluoride WF 6 −71.4 −56.5 −49.2 −41.5 −33.0 −27.5 −20.3 −10.0 +1.2 17.3 −0.
• Uranium hexafluoride UF 6 −38.8 −22.0 −13.8 −5.2 +4.4 10.4 18.2 30.0 42.7 55.7 69.
• Vanadyl trichloride VOCl 3 −23.2 +0.2 12.2 26.6 40.0 49.8 62.5 82.0 103.5 127.
• Xenon Xe −168.5 −158.2 −152.8 −147.1 −141.2 −137.7 −132.8 −125.4 −117.1 −108.0 −111.
• Zinc Zn 487 558 593 632 673 700 736 788 844 907 419.
  • chloride ZnCl
  • fluoride ZnF
  • diethyl Zn(C 2 H5) 2 −22.4 0.0 +11.7 24.2 38.0 47.2 59.1 77.0 97.3 118.0 −
• Zirconium bromide ZrBr
  • chloride ZrCl
  • iodide ZrI
    • VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES 2-
• Acenaphthalene C 12 H 10 114.8 131.2 148.7 168.2 181.2 197.5 222.1 250.0 277.5 Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
• Acetal C 6 H 14 O 2 −23.0 −2.3 +8.0 19.6 31.9 39.8 50.1 66.3 84.0 102.
• Acetaldehyde C 2 H 4 O −81.5 −65.1 −56.8 −47.8 −37.8 −31.4 −22.6 −10.0 +4.9 20.2 −123.
• Acetamide C 2 H 5 NO 65.0 92.0 105.0 120.0 135.8 145.8 158.0 178.3 200.0 222.0
• Acetanilide C 8 H 9 NO 114.0 146.6 162.0 180.0 199.6 211.8 227.2 250.5 277.0 303.8 113.
• Acetic acid C 2 H 4 O 2 −17.2 +6.3 17.5 29.9 43.0 51.7 63.0 80.0 99.0 118.1 16.
  • anhydride C 4 H 6 O 3 1.7 24.8 36.0 48.3 62.1 70.8 82.2 100.0 119.8 139.6 −
• Acetone C 3 H 6 O −59.4 −40.5 −31.1 −20.8 −9.4 −2.0 +7.7 22.7 39.5 56.5 −94.
• Acetonitrile C 2 H 3 N −47.0 −26.6 −16.3 −5.0 +7.7 15.9 27.0 43.7 62.5 81.8 −
• Acetophenone C 8 H 8 O 37.1 64.0 78.0 92.4 109.4 119.8 133.6 154.2 178.0 202.4 20.
• Acetyl chloride C 2 H 3 OCl −50.0 −35.0 −27.6 −19.6 −10.4 −4.5 +3.2 16.1 32.0 50.8 −112.
• Acetylene C 2 H 2 −142.9 −133.0 −128.2 −122.8 −116.7 −112.8 −107.9 −100.3 −92.0 −84.0 −81.
• Acridine C 13 H 9 N 129.4 165.8 184.0 203.5 224.2 238.7 256.0 284.0 314.3 346.0 110.
• Acrolein (2-propenal) C 3 H 4 O −64.5 −46.0 −36.7 −26.3 −15.0 −7.5 +2.5 17.5 34.5 52.5 −87.
• Acrylic acid C 3 H 4 O 2 +3.5 27.3 39.0 52.0 66.2 75.0 86.1 103.3 122.0 141.0
• Adipic acid C 6 H 10 O 4 159.5 191.0 205.5 222.0 240.5 251.0 265.0 287.8 312.5 337.5
• Allene (propadiene) C 3 H 4 −120.6 −108.0 −101.0 −93.4 −85.2 −78.8 −72.5 −61.3 −48.5 −35.0 −
• Allyl alcohol (propen-1-ol-3) C 3 H6O −20.0 +0.2 10.5 21.7 33.4 40.3 50.0 64.5 80.2 96.6 −
  • chloride (3-chloropropene) C 3 H5Cl −70.0 −52.0 −42.9 −32.8 −21.2 −14.1 −4.5 10.4 27.5 44.6 −136.
  • isopropyl ether C 6 H 12 O −43.7 −23.1 −12.9 −1.8 +10.9 18.7 29.0 44.3 61.7 79.
  • isothiocyanate C 4 H5NS −2.0 +25.3 38.3 52.1 67.4 76.2 89.5 108.0 129.8 150.7 −
  • n -propyl ether C 6 H 12 O −39.0 −18.2 −7.9 +3.7 16.4 25.0 35.8 52.6 71.4 90.
• 4-Allylveratrole C 11 H 14 O 2 85.0 113.9 127.0 142.8 158.3 169.6 183.7 204.0 226.2 248.
• iso-Amyl acetate C 7 H 14 O 2 0.0 +23.7 35.2 47.8 62.1 71.0 83.2 101.3 121.5 142.
• n- Amyl alcohol C 5 H 12 O +13.6 34.7 44.9 55.8 68.0 75.5 85.8 102.0 119.8 137.
• iso-Amyl alcohol C 5 H 12 O +10.0 30.9 40.8 51.7 63.4 71.0 80.7 95.8 113.7 130.6 −117.
• sec- Amyl alcohol (2-pentanol) C 5 H 12 O +1.5 22.1 32.2 42.6 54.1 61.5 70.7 85.7 102.3 119.
• tert- Amyl alcohol C 5 H 12 O −12.9 +7.2 17.2 27.9 38.8 46.0 55.3 69.7 85.7 101.7 −11.
• sec- Amylbenzene C 11 H 16 29.0 55.8 69.2 83.8 100.0 110.4 124.1 145.2 168.0 193.
• iso-Amyl benzoate C 12 H 16 O 2 72.0 104.5 121.6 139.7 158.3 171.4 186.8 210.2 235.8 262.
  • bromide (1-bromo-3-methylbutane) C 5 H 11 Br −20.4 +2.1 13.6 26.1 39.8 48.7 60.4 78.7 99.4 120.
  • n- butyrate C 9 H 18 O 2 21.2 47.1 59.9 74.0 90.0 99.8 113.1 133.2 155.3 178.
  • formate C 6 H 12 O 2 −17.5 +5.4 17.1 30.0 44.0 53.3 65.4 83.2 102.7 123.
  • iodide (1-iodo-3-methylbutane) C 5 H 11 I −2.5 +21.9 34.1 47.6 62.3 71.9 84.4 103.8 125.8 148.
  • isobutyrate C 9 H 18 O 2 14.8 40.1 52.8 66.6 81.8 91.7 104.4 124.2 146.0 168.
• Amyl isopropionate C 8 H 16 O 2 +8.5 33.7 46.3 60.0 75.5 85.2 97.6 117.3 138.4 160.
• iso-Amyl isovalerate C 10 H 20 O 2 27.0 54.4 68.6 83.8 100.6 110.3 125.1 146.1 169.5 194.
• n- Amyl levulinate C 10 H 18 O 3 81.3 110.0 124.0 139.7 155.8 165.2 180.5 203.1 227.4 253.
• iso-Amyl levulinate C 10 H 18 O 3 75.6 104.0 118.8 134.4 151.7 162.6 177.0 198.1 222.7 247.
  • nitrate C 5 H 11 NO 3 +5.2 28.8 40.3 53.5 67.6 76.3 88.6 106.7 126.5 147.
• 4 -tert- Amylphenol C 11 H 16 O 109.8 125.5 142.3 160.3 172.6 189.0 213.0 239.5 266.0
• Anethole C 10 H 12 O 62.6 91.6 106.0 121.8 139.3 149.8 164.2 186.1 210.5 235.3 22.
• Angelonitrile C 5 H7N −8.0 +15.0 28.0 41.0 55.8 65.2 77.5 96.3 117.7 140.
• Aniline C 6 H7N 34.8 57.9 69.4 82.0 96.7 106.0 119.9 140.1 161.9 184.4 −6.
• 2-Anilinoethanol C 8 H 11 NO 104.0 134.3 149.6 165.7 183.7 194.0 209.5 230.6 254.5 279.
• Anisaldehyde C 8 H8O 2 73.2 102.6 117.8 133.5 150.5 161.7 176.7 199.0 223.0 248.0 2.
• o- Anisidine (2-methoxyaniline) C 7 H9NO 61.0 88.0 101.7 116.1 132.0 142.1 155.2 175.3 197.3 218.5 5.
• Anthracene C 14 H 10 145.0 173.5 187.2 201.9 217.5 231.8 250.0 279.0 310.2 342.0 217.
• Anthraquinone C 14 H 8 O 2 190.0 219.4 234.2 248.3 264.3 273.3 285.0 314.6 346.2 379.9
• Azelaic acid C 9 H 16 O 4 178.3 210.4 225.5 242.4 260.0 271.8 286.5 309.6 332.8 356.5 106.
• Azelaldehyde C 9 H 18 O 33.3 58.4 71.6 85.0 100.2 110.0 123.0 142.1 163.4 185.
• Azobenzene C 12 H 10 N 2 103.5 135.7 151.5 168.3 187.9 199.8 216.0 240.0 266.1 293.0
• Benzal chloride (α,α-Dichlorotoluene) C 7 H 6 Cl 2 35.4 64.0 78.7 94.3 112.1 123.4 138.3 160.7 187.0 214.0 −16.
• Benzaldehyde C 7 H 6 O 26.2 50.1 62.0 75.0 90.1 99.6 112.5 131.7 154.1 179.0 −
• Benzanthrone C 17 H 10 O 225.0 274.5 297.2 322.5 350.0 368.8 390.0 426.5
• Benzene C 6 H 6 −36.7 −19.6 −11.5 −2.6 +7.6 15.4 26.1 42.2 60.6 80.1 +5.
• Benzenesulfonylchloride C 6 H 5 ClO 2 S 65.9 96.5 112.0 129.0 147.7 158.2 174.5 198.0 224.0 251.5 14.
• Benzil C 14 H 10 O 2 128.4 165.2 183.0 202.8 224.5 238.2 255.8 283.5 314.3 347.0
• Benzoic acid C 7 H 6 O 2 96.0 119.5 132.1 146.7 162.6 172.8 186.2 205.8 227.0 249.2 121.
  • anhydride C 14 H 10 O 3 143.8 180.0 198.0 218.0 239.8 252.7 270.4 299.1 328.8 360.0
• Benzoin C 14 H 12 O 2 135.6 170.2 188.1 207.0 227.6 241.7 258.0 284.4 313.5 343.0
• Benzonitrile C 7 H 5 N 28.2 55.3 69.2 83.4 99.6 109.8 123.5 144.1 166.7 190.6 −12.
• Benzophenone C 13 H 10 O 108.2 141.7 157.6 175.8 195.7 208.2 224.4 249.8 276.8 305.4 48.
• Benzotrichloride (α,α,α-Trichlorotoluene) C 7 H 5 Cl 3 45.8 73.7 87.6 102.7 119.8 130.0 144.3 165.6 189.2 213.5 −21.
• Benzotrifluoride (α,α,α-Trifluorotoluene) C 7 H 5 F3 −32.0 −10.3 −0.4 12.2 25.7 34.0 45.3 62.5 82.0 102.2 −29.
• Benzoyl bromide C 7 H 5 BrO 47.0 75.4 89.8 105.4 122.6 133.4 147.7 169.2 193.7 218.5
  • chloride C 7 H 5 ClO 32.1 59.1 73.0 87.6 103.8 114.7 128.0 149.5 172.8 197.2 −0.
  • nitrile C 8 H 5 NO 44.5 71.7 85.5 100.2 116.6 127.0 141.0 161.3 185.0 208.0 33.
• Benzyl acetate C 9 H 10 O 2 45.0 73.4 87.6 102.3 119.6 129.8 144.0 165.5 189.0 213.5 −51.
  • alcohol C 7 H 8 O 58.0 80.8 92.6 105.8 119.8 129.3 141.7 160.0 183.0 204.7 −15.
• Benzylamine C 7 H 9 N 29.0 54.8 67.7 81.8 97.3 107.3 120.0 140.0 161.3 184. Name Formula Temperature, °C °C
• Benzyl bromide (α-bromotoluene) C 7 H 7 Br 32.2 59.6 73.4 88.3 104.8 115.6 129.8 150.8 175.2 198.5 −
  • chloride (α-chlorotoluene) C 7 H 7 Cl 22.0 47.8 60.8 75.0 90.7 100.5 114.2 134.0 155.8 179.4 −
  • cinnamate C 16 H 14 O 2 173.8 206.3 221.5 239.3 255.8 267.0 281.5 303.8 326.7 350.0
• Benzyldichlorosilane C 7 H 8 Cl 2 Si 45.3 70.2 83.2 96.7 111.8 121.3 133.5 152.0 173.0 194.
• Benzyl ethyl ether C 9 H 12 O 26.0 52.0 65.0 79.6 95.4 105.5 118.9 139.6 161.5 185.
  • phenyl ether C 13 H 12 O 95.4 127.7 144.0 160.7 180.1 192.6 209.2 233.2 259.8 287.
  • isothiocyanate C 8 H 7 NS 79.5 107.8 121.8 137.0 153.0 163.8 177.7 198.0 220.4 243.
• Biphenyl C 12 H 10 70.6 101.8 117.0 134.2 152.5 165.2 180.7 204.2 229.4 254.9 69.
• 1-Biphenyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane C 15 H 14 O 2 135.3 169.9 187.2 205.8 226.3 239.7 255.0 280.4 309.8 340.
• d- Bornyl acetate C 12 H 20 O 2 46.9 75.7 90.2 106.0 123.7 135.7 149.8 172.0 197.5 223.0
• Bornyl n- butyrate C 14 H 24 O 2 74.0 103.4 118.0 133.8 150.7 161.8 176.4 198.0 222.2 247.
  • formate C 11 H 18 O 2 47.0 74.8 89.3 104.0 121.2 131.7 145.8 166.4 190.2 214.
  • isobutyrate C 14 H 24 O 2 70.0 99.8 114.0 130.0 147.2 157.6 172.2 194.2 218.2 243.
  • propionate C 13 H 22 O 2 64.6 93.7 108.0 123.7 140.4 151.2 165.7 187.5 211.2 235.
• Brassidic acid C 22 H 42 O 2 209.6 241.7 256.0 272.9 290.0 301.5 316.2 336.8 359.6 382.5 61.
• Bromoacetic acid C 2 H 3 BrO 2 54.7 81.6 94.1 108.2 124.0 133.8 146.3 165.8 186.7 208.0 49.
• 4-Bromoanisole C 7 H 7 BrO 48.8 77.8 91.9 107.8 125.0 136.0 150.1 172.7 197.5 223.0 12.
• Bromobenzene C 6 H 5 Br +2.9 27.8 40.0 53.8 68.6 78.1 90.8 110.1 132.3 156.2 −30.
• 4-Bromobiphenyl C 12 H 9 Br 98.0 133.7 150.6 169.8 190.8 204.5 221.8 248.2 277.7 310.0 90.
• 1-Bromo-2-butanol C 4 H 9 BrO 23.7 45.4 55.8 67.2 79.5 87.0 97.6 112.1 128.3 145.
• 1-Bromo-2-butanone C 4 H 7 BrO +6.2 30.0 41.8 54.2 68.2 77.3 89.2 107.0 126.3 147.
• cis- 1-Bromo-1-butene C 4 H 7 Br −44.0 −23.2 −12.8 −1.4 +11.5 19.8 30.8 47.8 66.8 86.
• trans- 1-Bromo-1-butene C 4 H 7 Br −38.4 −17.0 −6.4 +5.4 18.4 27.2 38.1 55.7 75.0 94.7 −100.
• 2-Bromo-1-butene C 4 H 7 Br −47.3 −27.0 −16.8 −5.3 +7.2 15.4 26.3 42.8 61.9 81.0 −133.
• cis- 2-Bromo-2-butene C 4 H 7 Br −39.0 −17.9 −7.2 +4.6 17.7 26.2 37.5 54.5 74.0 93.9 −111.
• trans- 2-Bromo-2-butene C 4 H 7 Br −45.0 −24.1 −13.8 −2.4 +10.5 18.7 29.9 46.5 66.0 85.5 −114.
• 1,4-Bromochlorobenzene C 6 H 4 BrCl 32.0 59.5 72.7 87.8 103.8 114.8 128.0 149.5 172.6 196.
• 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane C 2 H 4 BrCl −36.0 −18.0 −9.4 0.0 +10.4 17.0 28.0 44.7 63.4 82.7 16.
• 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane C 2 H 4 BrCl −28.8 −7.0 +4.1 16.0 29.7 38.0 49.5 66.8 86.0 106.7 −16.
• 2-Bromo-4,6-dichlorophenol C 6 H 3 BrCl 2 O 84.0 115.6 130.8 147.7 165.8 177.6 193.2 216.5 242.0 268.0
• 1-Bromo-4-ethyl benzene C 8 H 9 Br 30.4 42.5 74.0 90.2 108.5 121.0 135.5 156.5 182.0 206.0 −45.
• (2-Bromoethyl)-benzene C 8 H 9 Br 48.0 76.2 90.5 105.8 123.2 133.8 148.2 169.8 194.0 219.
• 2-Bromoethyl 2-chloroethyl ether C 4 H 8 BrClO 36.5 63.2 76.3 90.8 106.6 116.4 129.8 150.0 172.3 195.
• (2-Bromoethyl)-cyclohexane C 8 H 15 Br 38.7 66.6 80.5 95.8 113.0 123.7 138.0 160.0 186.2 213.
• 1-Bromoethylene C 2 H 3 Br −95.4 −77.8 −68.8 −58.8 −48.1 −41.2 −31.9 −17.2 −1.1 +15.8 −
• Bromoform (tribromomethane) CHBr 3 22.0 34.0 48.0 63.6 73.4 85.9 106.1 127.9 150.5 8.
• 1-Bromonaphthalene C 10 H 7 Br 84.2 117.5 133.6 150.2 170.2 183.5 198.8 224.2 252.0 281.1 5.
• 2-Bromo-4-phenylphenol C 12 H 9 BrO 100.0 135.4 152.3 171.8 193.8 207.0 224.5 251.0 280.2 311.0
• 3-Bromopyridine C 5 H 4 BrN 16.8 42.0 55.2 69.1 84.1 94.1 107.8 127.7 150.0 173.
• 2-Bromotoluene C 7 H 7 Br 24.4 49.7 62.3 76.0 91.0 100.0 112.0 133.6 157.3 181.8 −
• 3-Bromotoluene C 7 H 7 Br 14.8 50.8 64.0 78.1 93.9 104.1 117.8 138.0 160.0 183.7 39.
• 4-Bromotoluene C 7 H 7 Br 10.3 47.5 61.1 75.2 91.8 102.3 116.4 137.4 160.2 184.5 28.
• 3-Bromo-2,4,6-trichlorophenol C 6 H 2 BrCl 3 O 112.4 146.2 163.2 181.8 200.5 213.0 229.3 253.0 278.0 305.
• 2-Bromo-1,4-xylene C 8 H 9 Br 37.5 65.0 78.8 94.0 110.6 121.6 135.7 156.4 181.0 206.7 +9.
• 1,2-Butadiene (methyl allene) C 4 H 6 −89.0 −72.7 −64.2 −54.9 −44.3 −37.5 −28.3 −14.2 +1.8 18.
• 1,3-Butadiene C 4 H 6 −102.8 −87.6 −79.7 −71.0 −61.3 −55.1 −46.8 −33.9 −19.3 −4.5 −108.
• n- Butane C 4 H 10 −101.5 −85.7 −77.8 −68.9 −59.1 −52.8 −44.2 −31.2 −16.3 −0.5 −
• iso-Butane (2-methylpropane) C 4 H 10 −109.2 −94.1 −86.4 −77.9 −68.4 −62.4 −54.1 −41.5 −27.1 −11.7 −
• 1,3-Butanediol C 4 H 10 O 2 22.2 67.5 85.3 100.0 117.4 127.5 141.2 161.0 183.8 206.5
• 1,2,3-Butanetriol C 4 H 10 O 3 102.0 132.0 146.0 161.0 178.0 188.0 202.5 222.0 243.5 264.
• 1-Butene C 4 H 8 −104.8 −89.4 −81.6 −73.0 −63.4 −57.2 −48.9 −36.2 −21.7 −6.3 −
• cis- 2-Butene C 4 H 8 −96.4 −81.1 −73.4 −64.6 −54.7 −48.4 −39.8 −26.8 −12.0 +3.7 −138.
• trans- 2-Butene C 4 H 8 −99.4 −84.0 −76.3 −67.5 −57.6 −51.3 −42.7 −29.7 −14.8 +0.9 −105.
• 3-Butenenitrile C 4 H 5 N −19.6 +2.9 14.1 26.6 40.0 48.8 60.2 78.0 98.0 119.
• iso-Butyl acetate C 6 H 12 O 2 −21.2 +1.4 12.8 25.5 39.2 48.0 59.7 77.6 97.5 118.0 −98.
• n- Butyl acrylate C 7 H 12 O 2 −0.5 +23.5 35.5 48.6 63.4 72.6 85.1 104.0 125.2 147.4 −64.
  • alcohol C 4 H 10 O −1.2 +20.0 30.2 41.5 53.4 60.3 70.1 84.3 100.8 117.5 −79.
• iso-Butyl alcohol C 4 H 10 O −9.0 +11.6 21.7 32.4 44.1 51.7 61.5 75.9 91.4 108.0 −
• sec- Butyl alcohol C 4 H 10 O −12.2 +7.2 16.9 27.3 38.1 45.2 54.1 67.9 83.9 99.5 −114.
• tert- Butyl alcohol C 4 H 10 O −20.4 −3.0 +5.5 14.3 24.5 31.0 39.8 52.7 68.0 82.9 25.
• iso-Butyl amine C 4 H 11 N −50.0 −31.0 −21.0 −10.3 +1.3 8.8 18.8 32.0 50.7 68.6 −85.
• n- Butylbenzene C 10 H 14 22.7 48.8 62.0 76.3 92.4 102.6 116.2 136.9 159.2 183.1 −88.
• iso-Butylbenzene C 10 H 14 14.1 40.5 53.7 67.8 83.3 93.3 107.0 127.2 149.6 172.8 −51.
• sec- Butylbenzene C 10 H 14 18.6 44.2 57.0 70.6 86.2 96.0 109.5 128.8 150.3 173.5 −75.
• tert- Butylbenzene C 10 H 14 13.0 39.0 51.7 65.6 80.8 90.6 103.8 123.7 145.8 168.5 −
• iso-Butyl benzoate C 11 H 14 O 2 64.0 93.6 108.6 124.2 141.8 152.0 166.4 188.2 212.8 237.
• n- Butyl bromide (1-bromobutane) C 4 H 9 Br −33.0 −11.2 −0.3 +11.6 24.8 33.4 44.7 62.0 81.7 101.6 −112.
• iso-Butyl n- butyrate C 8 H 16 O 2 +4.6 30.0 42.2 56.1 71.7 81.3 94.0 113.9 135.7 156.
  • carbamate C 5 H 11 NO 2 83.7 96.4 110.1 125.3 134.6 147.2 165.7 186.0 206.5
• Butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol C 8 H 18 O 3 70.0 95.7 107.8 120.5 135.5 146.0 159.8 181.2 205.0 231.
• n- Butyl chloride (1-chlorobutane) C 4 H 9 Cl −49.0 −28.9 −18.6 −7.4 +5.0 13.0 24.0 40.0 58.8 77.8 −123. butyl ether)
• iso-Butyl chloride C 4 H 9 Cl −53.8 −34.3 −24.5 −13.8 −1.9 +5.9 16.0 32.0 50.0 68.9 −131.