Calore Specifico di Gas ed Elementi Inorganici: Esercizi e Tabelle, Schemi e mappe concettuali di Termodinamica

Scarica Calore Specifico di Gas ed Elementi Inorganici: Esercizi e Tabelle e più Schemi e mappe concettuali in PDF di Termodinamica solo su Docsity!

CALORE SPECIFICO

GAS

1 di 4 

Calorespecificodigas(p=0)

AdattatodaHougenO.A,WatsonK.M:,RagatzR.A.(1966)“PrincipideiProcessiChimiciVol.I”,Ed.AmbrosianaMilano

a bͼ 102  cͼ 105  dͼ 109 

Intervallodi

Temperatura

[K]

Alcani

Metano CH 4  19,874 5,021 1,268 Ͳ11,004 273 1500

Etano C 2 H 6  6,895 17,255 Ͳ6,402 7,280 273 1500

Propano C 3 H 8  Ͳ4,042 30,455 Ͳ15,711 31,715 273 1500

nͲbutano C 4 H 10  3,954 37,125 Ͳ18,326 34,978 273 1500

iͲbutano C 4 H 10  Ͳ7,908 41,572 Ͳ22,991 49,873 273 1500

nͲpentano C 5 H 12  6,770 45,396 Ͳ22,447 42,258 273 1500

Esano C 6 H 14  6,933 55,187 Ͳ28,635 57,656 273 1500

Alcheni

Etilene C 2 H 4  3,950 14,121 Ͳ8,339 17,656 273 1500

Propilene C 3 H 6  3,151 23,811 Ͳ12,175 24,602 273 1500

1 Ͳbutene C 4 H 8  Ͳ1,004 36,192 Ͳ21,380 50,501 273 1500

2 Ͳbutene C 4 H 8  6,904 32,225 Ͳ16,657 33,556 273 1500

cisͲ 2 Ͳbutene C 4 H 8  Ͳ7,439 33,798 Ͳ17,046 33,012 273 1500

transͲ 2 Ͳbutene C 4 H 8  9,791 30,208 Ͳ14,238 25,397 273 1500

IdrocarcuriCicloparaffinici

Ciclopentano C 5 H 10  Ͳ54,212 54,756 Ͳ31,158 68,659 273 1500

Metilciclopentano C 6 H 12  Ͳ50,685 64,350 Ͳ37,300 83,806 273 1500

Cicloesano C 6 H 12  Ͳ66,672 68,844 Ͳ38,505 51,338 273 1500

Metilcicloesano C 7 H 14  Ͳ63,053 79,379 Ͳ45,978 100,793 273 1500

Idrocarbutiaromatici

Benzene C 6 H 6  Ͳ36,192 48,442 Ͳ31,547 77,571 273 1500

Toluene C 7 H 8  Ͳ34,363 55,886 Ͳ34,434 80,333 273 1500

Etilbenzene C 8 H 10  Ͳ35,137 66,672 Ͳ41,853 100,207 273 1500

Stirene C 8 H 8  Ͳ24,970 60,057 Ͳ38,284 92,174 273 1500

Cumene C 9 H 12  Ͳ39,547 78,182 Ͳ49,660 120,499 273 1500

Alogenieacidialogenici

Fluoro F 2  25,585 2,453 Ͳ1,751 4,099 273 2000

Cloro CL 2  28,541 2,389 Ͳ2,137 6,473 273 1500

Bromo BR 2  33,685 1,030 Ͳ0,890 2,680 273 1500

Iodio I 2  35,581 0,550 Ͳ0,447 1,308 273 1800

AcidoFluoridrico HF 30,129 Ͳ0,493 0,659 Ͳ1,573 273 2000

AcidoCloridrico HCl 30,309 Ͳ0,761 1,326 Ͳ4,335 273 1500

AcidoBromidrico HBr 29,995 Ͳ0,671 1,387 Ͳ4,858 273 1500

AcidoIodidrico HI 28,041 0,190 0,509 Ͳ2,014 273 1900

3 di 4 

a bͼ 102  cͼ 105  dͼ 109 

Intervallodi

Temperatura

4 di 4 

a bͼ 102  cͼ 105  dͼ 109 

Intervallodi

Temperatura

[K]

OssidodiCarbonio CO 27,112 0,655 Ͳ0,100 Ͳ 273 3800

Acqua H 2 O 29,162 1,449 Ͳ0,202 Ͳ 273 3800

Compostisolforati

Zolfo S 2  27,192 2,217 Ͳ1,627 3,983 273 1800

Anidridesolforosa SO 2  25,761 5,791 Ͳ3,809 8,606 273 1800

Anidridesolforica SO 3  16,393 14,573 Ͳ11,192 32,401 273 1800

Idrogenosolforato H 2 S 29,581 1,309 0,571 Ͳ3,292 273 1800

SolfurodiCarbonio CS 2  30,920 6,230 Ͳ4,586 11,548 273 1800

SolfurodiCarbonile COS 26,033 6,427 Ͳ4,427 10,711 273 1800

L’equazionedautilizzareperilcalorespecificoè: ܿ෦ (^) ௣

ܶȉ ܿ൅ ܶȉ ܾ൅ ܽൌ ଶ^ ܶȉ ݀൅ ଷ Conܿ ෥௣ ଴ቂ ݊݅

݊݅ܶ݁ ቃ ሾܭሿ  Nota: Perl’anidridecarbonica,nell’intervallo 273 Ͳ 3800 K,l’equazionedautilizzareè ܿ෦ (^) ௣

ൌ ͹ͷǡͶ͸͵ െ ͳǡͺ͹ʹ ȉ ͳͲିସ^ ȉ ܶെ ͸͸ͳǡͶͳ ȉܶ ିଵȀଶ^ 

2-156 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

UNITS CONVERSIONS

For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:

°F = 9 ⁄ 5 °C + 32

°R = 1.8 K

To convert calories per gram-kelvin to British thermal units per

pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 1.0; to convert calories per

mole-kelvin to British thermal units per pound-mole-degree Rank-

ine, multiply by 1.0.

To convert kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin to British thermal units

per pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 0.2388.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

Additional data are contained in the subsection “Thermodynamic

Properties.” Data on water are also contained in that subsection.

Additional tables for water are found in Eng. Sci. Data Item 68008,

251 Regent Street, London, England, which contains about 5000 val-

ues from 1 to 1000 bar, 0 to 1500 °C.

SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS

TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds* Heat capacity at constant pressure Range of ( T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), temperature, Uncertainty, Substance State† cal/(mol!K) K % Aluminum^1 Al c 4.80 + 0.00322 T 273–931 1 l 7.00 931–1273 5 AlBr 3 c 18.74 + 0.01866 T 273–370 3 l 29.5 370–407 5 AlCl 3 c 13.25 + 0.02800 T 273–465 3 l 31.2 465–504 3 AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O c 76 288–327? AlF 3 c 19.3 288–326? AlF 3 ·3aH 2 O c 50.5 288–326? AlF 3 ·3NaF c 38.63 + 0.04760 T − 449200/ T^2 273–1273 2 l 142 1273–1373? AlI 3 c 16.88 + 0.02266 T 273–464 3 l 28.8 464–480 5 Al 2 O 3 c 22.08 + 0.008971 T − 522500/ T^2 273–1973 3 Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 c, sillimanite 40.79 + 0.004763 T − 992800/ T^2 273–1573 3 c, disthene 41.81 + 0.005283 T − 1211000/ T^2 273–1673 2 c, andalusite 43.96 + 0.001923 T − 1086000/ T^2 273–1573 3 3Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 c, mullite 59.65 + 0.0670 T 273–576 5 4Al 2 O 3 ·3SiO 2 c 113.2 + 0.0652 T 273–575 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c 63.5 273–373? Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O c 235 288–325? Antimony Sb c 5.51 + 0.00178 T 273–903 2 l 7.15 903–1273 5 SbBr 3 c 17.2 + 0.0293 T 273–370? SbCl 3 c 10.3 + 0.0511 T 273–346? Sb 2 O 3 c 19.1 + 0.0171 T 273–929? Sb 2 O 4 c 22.6 + 0.0162 T 273–1198? Sb 2 S 3 c 24.2 + 0.0132 T 273–821? Argon^2 A g 4.97 All 0 Arsenic As c 5.17 + 0.00234 T 273–1168 5 AsCl 3 l 31.9 286–371? As 2 O 3 c 8.37 + 0.0486 T 273–548? As 2 S 3 c 25.8 293–373? Barium BaCl 2 c 17.0 + 0.00334 T 273–1198? BaCl 2 ·H 2 O c 28.2 273–307? BaCl 2 ·2H 2 O c 37.3 273–307? Ba(ClO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O c 51 289–320? BaCO 3 c, α 17.26 + 0.0131 T 273–1083 5 c, β 30.0 1083–1255 15 BaMoO 4 c 34 273–297? Ba(NO 3 ) 2 c 39.8 285–371? BaSO 4 c 21.35 + 0.0141 T 273–1323 5 Beryllium3, Be c 4.698 + 0.001555 T − 121000/ T^2 273–1173 1 BeO c 8.69 + 0.00365 T − 313000/ T^2 273–1175 5 BeO·Al 2 O 3 c 25.4 273–373? BeSO 4 c 20.8 273–373? *From Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 371, 1934. For a revision see Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 477, 1948. Data for many elements and compounds are given by Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, for cryogenic temperatures. Tabulated data for gases can be obtained from many of the references cited in the “Thermodynamic Properties” subsection and other tables in this section. Thinh, Duran, et al., Hydro- carbon Process., 50, 98 (January 1971), review previous equation fits and give newer fits for 408 hydrocarbons and related compounds. Later publications include Duran, Thinh, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 55, 153 (August 1976); Thompson, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 22 (4), 431 (1977); and Passut and Danner, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 11, 543 (1972); 13, 193 (1974). †The symbols in this column have the following meaning; c, crystal; l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass.

SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS 2-

TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds ( Continued ) Heat capacity at constant pressure Range of ( T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), temperature, Uncertainty, Substance State† cal/(mol!K) K % Bismuth^4 Bi c 5.38 + 0.00260 T 273–544 3 l 7.60 544–1273 3 Bi 2 O 3 c 23.27 + 0.01105 T 273–777 2 Bi 2 S 3 c 30.4 284–372? Boron B c 1.54 + 0.00440 T 273–1174 5 B 2 O 3 gls 5.14 + 0.0320 T 273–513 3 gls 30.4 513–623 3 BN c 1.61 + 0.00400 T 273–1173 5 Bromine Br 2 g 9.00 300–2000 5 Cadmium Cd c 5.46 + 0.002466 T 273–594 1 l 7.13 594–973 5 CdO c 9.65 + 0.00208 T 273–2086? CdS c 12.9 + 0.00090 T 273–1273? CdSO 4 ·8/3H 2 O c 51.3 293? Calcium Ca c 5.31 + 0.00333 T 273–673 2 c 6.29 + 0.00140 T 673–873 2 CaCl 2 c 16.9 + 0.00386 T 273–1055? CaCO 3 c 19.68 + 0.01189 T − 307600/ T^2 273–1033 3 CaF 2 c 14.7 + 0.00380 T 273–1651? CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 c 40.1 299–372? CaMoO 4 c 33 273–297? CaO c 10.00 + 0.00484 T − 108000/ T^2 273–1173 2 Ca(OH) 2 c 21.4 276–373? CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 c, anorthite 63.13 + 0.01500 T − 1537000/ T^2 273–1673 1 gls 67.41 + 0.01048 T − 1874000/ T^2 273–973 1 CaO·MgO·2SiO 2 c, diopside 54.46 + 0.005746 T − 1500000/ T^2 273–1573 1 gls 51.68 + 0.009724 T − 1308000/ T^2 273–973 1 CaO·SiO 2 c, wollastonite 27.95 + 0.002056 T − 745600/ T^2 273–1573 1 c, pseudowollastonite 25.48 + 0.004132 T − 488100/ T^2 273–1673 1 gls 23.16 + 0.009672 T − 487100/ T^2 273–973 1 CaP 2 O 6 c 39.5 287–371? CaSO 4 c 18.52 + 0.02197 T − 156800/ T^2 273–1373 5 CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O c 46.8 282–373? CaWO 4 c 27.9 292–322? Carbon^5 C c, graphite 2.673 + 0.002617 T − 116900/ T^2 273–1373 2 c, diamond 2.162 + 0.003059 T − 130300/ T^2 273–1313 3 CH 4 g 5.34 + 0.0115 T 273–1200 2 CO^6 g 6.60 + 0.00120 T 273–2500 1 a CO 2 g 10.34 + 0.00274 T − 195500/ T^2 273–1200 1 a CS 2 l 18.4 293? Cerium Ce c 5.88 + 0.00123 T 273–908? CeO 2 c 15.1 273–373? Ce 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 c 96 273–297? Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c 66.4 273–373? Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·5H 2 O c 131.6 273–319? Cesium Cs c 1.96 + 0.0182 T 273–301 3 l 8.00 302 3 g 4.97 All 0 CsBr c 12.6 + 0.00259 T 273–909? CsCl c 11.7 + 0.00309 T 273–752? CsF c 11.3 + 0.00285 T 273–957? CsI c 11.6 + 0.00268 T 273–894? Chlorine Cl 2 g 8.28 + 0.00056 T 273–2000 1 a Chromium^4 Cr c 4.84 + 0.00295 T 273–1823 5 l 9.70 1823–1923 10 CrCl 3 c 23 286–319? Cr 2 O 3 c 26.0 + 0.00400 T 273–2263? CrSb c 12.3 + 0.00120 T 273–1383? CrSb 2 c 19.2 + 0.00184 T 273–949? Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c 67.4 273–373? Cobalt^4 Co c 5.12 + 0.00333 T 273–1763 5 l 8.40 1763–1873 5 CoAs 2 ·CoS 2 c 32.9 283–373? CoSb c 11.7 + 0.00156 T 273–1464? Co 2 Sn c 15.83 + 0.00950 T 273–903 2 CoS c 10.6 + 0.00251 T 273–1373? CoSO 4 ·7H 2 O c 96 286–303?

SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS 2-

TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds ( Continued ) Heat capacity at constant pressure Range of ( T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), temperature, Uncertainty, Substance State† cal/(mol!K) K % Lanthanum La c 5.91 + 0.00100 T 273–1009? La 2 O 3 c 22.6 + 0.00544 T 273–2273? La 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 c 86 273–307? La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c 66.9 273–373? La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2 O c 152 273–319? Lead^4 Pb c 5.77 + 0.00202 T 273–600 2 l 6.8 600–1273 5 Pb 3 (AsO 4 ) 2 c 65.5 286–370? PbB 2 O 4 c 26.5 288–371? PbB 4 O 7 c 41.4 289–371? PbBr 2 c 18.13 + 0.00310 T 273–761 2 l 27.4 761–860 10 PbCl 2 c 15.88 + 0.00835 T 273–771 2 l 27.2 771–851 10 2PbCl 2 ·NH 4 Cl c 53.1 293? PbCO 3 c 21.1 286–320? PbCrO 4 c 29.1 292–323? PbF 2 c 16.5 + 0.00412 T 273–1091? PbI 2 c 18.66 + 0.00293 T 273–648 2 l 32.3 648–776 20 PbMoO 4 c 30.4 292–322? Pb(NO 3 ) 2 c 36.4 286–320? PbO c 10.33 + 0.00318 T 273–544 2 PbO 2 c 12.7 + 0.00780 T 273–?? Pb 2 P 2 O 7 c 48.3 284–371? PbS c 10.63 + 0.00401 T 273–873 3 PbSO 4 c 26.4 293–372? PbS 2 O 3 c 29 293–373? PbWO 4 c 35 273–297? Lithium Li c 0.68 + 0.0180 T 273–459 10 g 4.97 All 0 LiBr c 11.5 + 0.00302 T 273–825? LiBr·H 2 O c 22.6 278–318? LiCl c 11.0 + 0.00339 T 273–887? LiCl·H 2 O c 23.6 279–360? LiF c 8.20 + 0.00520 T 273–1117? LiI c 12.5 + 0.00208 T 273–723? LiI·H 2 O c 23.6 277–359? LiI·2H 2 O c 32.9 277–345? LiI·3H 2 O c 43.2 277–347? LiNO 3 c 9.17 + 0.0360 T 273–523 5 l 26.8 523–575 5 Magnesium^4 Mg c 6.20 + 0.00133 T − 67800/ T^2 273–923 1 l 7.4 923–1048 10 MgAg c 10.58 + 0.00412 T 273–905 2 Mg 4 Al 3 c 34.4 + 0.0198 T 273–736? MgAu c 11.3 + 0.00189 T 273–1433? Mg 2 Au c 16.2 + 0.00451 T 273–1073? Mg 3 Au c 21.2 + 0.00614 T 273–1103? MgCl 2 c 17.3 + 0.00377 T 273–991? MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O c 77.1 292–342? MgCO 3 c 16.9 290? MgCu 2 c 14.96 + 0.00776 T 273–903 3 Mg 2 Cu c 15.5 + 0.00652 T 273–843? MgNi 2 c 15.87 + 0.00692 T 273–903 2 MgO c 10.86 + 0.001197 T − 208700/ T^2 273–2073 2 MgO·Al 2 O 3 c 28 288–319? MgO·SiO 2 c, amphibole 25.60 + 0.004380 T − 674200/ T^2 273–1373 1 c, pyroxene 23.35 + 0.008062 T − 558800/ T^2 273–773 1 gls 23.30 + 0.007734 T − 542000/ T^2 273–973 1 6MgO·MgCl 2 ·8B 2 O 3 c, α 58.7 + 0.408 T 273–538 5 c, β 107.2 + 0.2876 T 538–623 5 Mg(OH) 2 c 18.2 292–323? Mg 3 Sb 2 c 28.2 + 0.00560 T 273–1234? Mg 2 Si c 15.4 + 0.00415 T 273–1343? MgSO 4 c 26.7 296–372? MgSO 4 ·H 2 O c 33 282? MgSO 4 ·6H 2 O c 80 282? MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O c 89 291–319?

2-160 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds ( Continued ) Heat capacity at constant pressure Range of ( T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), temperature, Uncertainty, Substance State† cal/(mol!K) K % Manganese Mn c, α 3.76 + 0.00747 T 273–1108 5 c, β 5.06 + 0.00395 T 1108–1317 5 c, γ 4.80 + 0.00422 T 1317–1493 5 l 11.0 1493–1673 10 MnCl 2 c 16.2 + 0.00520 T 273–923? MnCO 3 c 7.79 + 0.0421 T + 0.0000090 T^2 273–773? MnO c 7.43 + 0.01038 T − 0.00000362 T^2 273–1923? Mn 2 O 3 c 10.33 + 0.0530 T − 0.0000257 T^2 273–1173? Mn 3 O 4 c 19.25 + 0.0538 T − 0.0000209 T^2 273–1773? MnO 2 c 1.92 + 0.0471 T − 0.0000297 T^2 273–773? Mn 2 O 3 ·H 2 O c 31 291–322? MnS c 10.21 + 0.00656 T − 0.00000242 T^2 273–1883? MnSO 4 c 27.5 293–373? MnSO 4 ·5H 2 O c 78 290–319? Mercury^11 Hg l 6.61 273–630 1 g 4.97 All 0 Hg 2 g 9.00 300–2000 5 HgCl c 11.05 + 0.00370 T 273–798? HgCl 2 c 15.3 + 0.0103 T 273–553? Hg(CN) 2 c 25 285–319? HgI c 11.4 + 0.00461 T 273–563? HgI 2 c, α 17.4 + 0.004001 T 273–403 3 c, β 20.2 403–523 3 HgO c 11.5 278–371? HgS c 10.9 + 0.00365 T 273–853? Hg 2 SO 4 c 31.0 273–307? Molybdenum Mo c 5.69 + 0.00188 T − 50300/ T^2 273–1773 5 MoO 3 c 15.1 + 0.0121 T 273–1068? MoS 2 c 19.7 + 0.00315 T 273–729? Neon^12 Ne g 4.97 All 0 Nickel^4 Ni c, α 4.26 + 0.00640 T 273–626 2 c, β 6.99 + 0.000905 T 626–1725 5 l 8.55 1725–1903 10 NiO c 11.3 + 0.00215 T 273–1273? NiS c 9.25 + 0.00640 T 273–597 3 Ni 2 Si c 15.8 + 0.00329 T 273–1582? NiSi c 10.0 + 0.00312 T 273–1273? Ni 3 Sn c 20.78 + 0.0102 T 273–904 2 NiSO 4 c 33.4 293–373? NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O c 82 291–325? NiTe c 11.00 + 0.00433 T 273–700 2 Nitrogen^13 N 2 g 6.50 + 0.00100 T 300–3000 3 NH 3 g 6.70 + 0.00630 T 300–800 1 a NH 4 Br c 22.8 274–328? NH 4 Cl c, α 9.80 + 0.0368 T 273–457 5 c, β 5.0 + 0.0340 T 457–523 5 NH 4 I c 17.8 273–328? NH 4 NO 3 c 31.8 273–293? (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 c 51.6 275–328? NO g 8.05 + 0.000233 T − 156300/ T^2 300–5000 2 Osmium Os c 5.686 + 0.000875 T 273–1877 1 Oxygen^14 O 2 g 8.27 + 0.000258 T − 187700/ T^2 300–5000 1 Palladium Pd c 5.41 + 0.00184 T 273–1822 2 Phosphorus P c, yellow 5.50 273–317 5 c, red 0.21 + 0.0180 T 273–472 10 l 6.6 317–373 10 PCl 3 l 28.7 284–371? P 4 O 10 c 15.72 + 0.1092 T 273–631 2 g 73.6 631–1371 3 Platinum^4 Pt c 5.92 + 0.00116 T 273–1873 1 Potassium K c 5.24 + 0.00555 T 273–336 5 l 7.7 336–373 5

2-162 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds ( Continued ) Heat capacity at constant pressure Range of ( T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), temperature, Uncertainty, Substance State† cal/(mol!K) K % Silver—( Cont. ) Ag 3 Al c 22.56 + 0.00570 T 273–902 2 Ag 2 Al c 16.85 + 0.00450 T 273–903 2 AgAl 12 c 58.62 + 0.0575 T 273–768 5 AgBr c 8.58 + 0.0141 T 273–703 6 l 14.9 703–836 5 AgCl c 9.60 + 0.00929 T 273–728 2 l 14.05 728–806 5 AgCNO c 18.7 273–353? AgI c, α 8.58 + 0.0141 T 273–423 6 AgNO 3 c, α 18.83 + 0.0160 T 273–433 2 c, β 25.7 433–482 5 l 30.2 482–541 5 Ag 3 PO 4 c 37.5 293–325? Ag 2 S c, α 18.8 273–448 5 c, β 21.8 448–597 5 Ag 3 Sb c 19.53 + 0.0160 T 273–694 5 Ag 2 Se c, α 20.2 273–406 5 c, β 20.4 406–460 5 Sodium^15 Na c 5.01 + 0.00536 T 273–371 1 a l 7.50 371–451 2 g 4.97 All 0 NaBO 2 c 10.4 + 0.0199 T 273–1239? Na 2 B 4 O 7 c 47.9 289–371? Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O c 147 292–323? NaBr c 11.74 + 0.00233 T 273–543 2 NaCl c 10.79 + 0.00420 T 273–1074 2 l 15.9 1073–1205 3 NaClO 3 c 9.48 + 0.0468 T 273–528 3 l 31.8 528–572 5 NaCNO c 13.1 273–353? Na 2 CO 3 c 28.9 288–371? NaF c 10.4 + 0.00289 T 273–1261? Na 2 HPO 4 ·7H 2 O c 86.6 275–307? Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O c 133.4 275–307? NaI c 12.5 + 0.00162 T 273–936? NaNO 3 c 4.56 + 0.0580 T 273–583 5 l 37.2 583–703 10 Na 2 O·Al 2 O 3 ·3SiO 2 c, albite 63.78 + 0.01171 T − 1678000/ T^2 273–1373 1 gls 61.25 + 0.01768 T − 1545000/ T^2 273–1173 1 NaPO 3 c 22.1 290–319? Na 4 P 2 O 7 c 60.7 290–371? Na 2 SO 4 c 32.8 289–371? Na 2 S 2 O 3 c 34.9 273–307? Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O c 86.2 273–307? Sodium-potassium alloys^15 l Strontium SrBr 2 c 18.1 + 0.00311 T 273–923? SrBr 2 ·H 2 O c 28.9 277–370? SrBr 2 ·6H 2 O c 82.1 276–327? SrCl 2 c 18.2 + 0.00244 T 273–1143? SrCl 2 ·H 2 O c 28.7 276–365? SrCl 2 ·2H 2 O c 38.3 277–366? SrCO 3 c 21.8 281–371? SrI 2 c 18.6 + 0.00304 T 273–783? SrI 2 ·H 2 O c 28.5 276–363? SrI 2 ·2H 2 O c 39.1 275–336? SrI 2 ·6H 2 O c 84.9 275–333? SrMoO 4 c 37 273–297? Sr(NO 3 ) 2 c 38.3 290–320? SrSO 4 c 26.2 293–369? Sulfur^16 S c, rhombic 3.63 + 0.00640 T 273–368 3 c, monoclinic 4.38 + 0.00440 T 368–392 3 S 2 g 8.58 + 0.00030 T 300–2500 5 S 2 Cl 2 l 27.5 273–332? SO 2 g 7.70 + 0.00530 T − 0.00000083 T^2 300–2500 2 a Tantalum Ta c 5.91 + 0.00099 T 273–1173 2 Tellurium Te c 5.19 + 0.00250 T 273–600 3 Thallium Tl c, α 5.32 + 0.00385 T 273–500 1 c, β 8.12 500–576 1

SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS 2-

TABLE 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds ( Concluded ) Heat capacity at constant pressure Range of ( T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), temperature, Uncertainty, Substance State† cal/(mol!K) K % Thallium—( Cont. ) Tl l 7.12 576–773 3 TlBr c 12.53 + 0.00100 T 273–733 10 l 16.0 733–800 10 TlCl c 12.56 + 0.00088 T 273–700 5 l 14.2 700–803 10 Thorium Th c 6.40 273–373? ThO 2 c 14.6 + 0.00507 T 273–1273? Th(SO 4 ) 2 c 41.2 273–373? Tin^4 Sn c 5.05 + 0.00480 T 273–504 2 l 6.6 504–1273 10 SnAu c 11.79 + 0.00233 T 273–581 1 SnCl 2 c 16.2 + 0.00926 T 273–520? SnCl 4 l 38.4 286–371? SnO c 9.40 + 0.00362 T 273–1273? SnO 2 c 13.94 + 0.00565 T − 252000/ T^2 273–1373? SnPt c 11.49 + 0.00190 T 273–1318 1 SnS c 12.1 + 0.00165 T 273–1153? SnS 2 c 20.5 + 0.00400 T 273–873? Titanium Ti c 8.91 + 0.00114 T − 433000/ T^2 273–713 3 TiCl 4 l 35.7 285–372? TiO 2 c 11.81 + 0.00754 T − 41900/ T^2 273–713 3 Tungsten W c 5.65 + 0.00866 273–2073 1 WO 3 c 16.0 + 0.00774 T 273–1550? Uranium U c 6.64 273–372? U 3 O 8 c 59.8 276–314? Vanadium V c 5.57 + 0.00097 T 273–1993? Xenon Xe g 4.97 All 0 Zinc^4 Zn c 5.25 + 0.00270 T 273–692 1 l 7.59 + 0.00055 T 692–1122 3 ZnCl 2 c 15.9 + 0.00800 T 273–638? ZnO c 11.40 + 0.00145 T − 182400/ T^2 273–1573 1 ZnS c 12.81 + 0.00095 T − 194600/ T^2 273–1173 5 ZnSb c 11.5 + 0.00313 T 273–810? ZnSO 4 c 28 293–373? ZnSO 4 ·H 2 O c 34.7 282? ZnSO 4 ·6H 2 O c 80.8 282? ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O c 100.2 273–307? Zirconium ZrO 2 c 11.62 + 0.01046 T − 177700/ T^2 273–1673 5 ZrO 2 ·SiO 2 c 26.7 297–372? (^1) See also Table 2-152. Data to 298 K are also given by Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959. (^2) For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. (^3) Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957 (Fig. 5), gives data from 400 to 2600°R. (^4) See also Table 2-152. (^5) For data from 400 to 5500 °R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1975 (Fig. 4). (^6) For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. (^7) For data from 400 to 2350 °R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957. (^8) For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. (^9) For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. (^10) For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. (^11) See also Table 2-152; Douglas, Ball, et al., Bur. Stand. J. Res., 46 (1951): 334; Busey and Giaque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75 (1953): 806; Sheldon, ASME Pap. 49-A-30, 1949. 12 13 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. 14 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. Ozone: For liquid see Brabets and Waterman, J. Chem. Phys., 15 28 (1958): 1212. 16 For data on liquid Na-K alloys to 1500^ °F and for liquid Na to 1460^ °F, see Lubarsky and Kaufman, NACA Rep. 1270, 1956. See also Evans and Wagman, Bur. Stand. J. Res. 49 (1952): 141; Gratch, OTS PB 124957, 1950; Guthrie, Scott et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76 (1954): 1488.

ENTALPIA DI

FORMAZIONE

2-186 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-178 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds The values given in the following table for the heats and free energies of formation of inorganic compounds are derived from ( a ) Bichowsky and Rossini, “Thermo- chemistry of the Chemical Substances,” Reinhold, New York, 1936; ( b ) Latimer, “Oxidation States of the Elements and Their Potentials in Aqueous Solution,” Prentice- Hall, New York, 1938; ( c ) the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards; and ( d ) the tables of Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of the National Bureau of Standards. The reader is referred to the preceding books and tables for additional details as to meth- ods of calculation, standard states, and so on. Heat of Free energy formation‡§ of forma- ∆ H (forma- tion!¶ ∆ F tion) at (formation) 25 °C, at 25 °C, Compound State† kcal/mol kcal/mol *For footnotes see end of table. Heat of Free energy formation‡§ of forma- ∆ H (forma- tion!¶ ∆ F tion) at (formation) 25 °C, at 25 °C,

2-188 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

TABLE 2-178 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds ( Continued ) Heat of Free energy formation‡§ of forma- ∆ H (forma- tion!¶ ∆ F tion) at (formation) 25 °C, at 25 °C, Compound State† kcal/mol kcal/mol Heat of Free energy formation‡§ of forma- ∆ H (forma- tion!¶ ∆ F tion) at (formation) 25 °C, at 25 °C,

TABLE 2-178 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds ( Continued ) Heat of Free energy formation‡§ of forma- ∆ H (forma- tion!¶ ∆ F tion) at (formation) 25 °C, at 25 °C, Compound State† kcal/mol kcal/mol Heat of Free energy formation‡§ of forma- ∆ H (forma- tion!¶ ∆ F tion) at (formation) 25 °C, at 25 °C,

• Acetone C 3 H 6 O 6,799 27,870 Ͳ15,636 34,756 [K]
• IsoͲpropanolo C 3 H 7 OH 3,320 35,572 Ͳ20,987 48,367
• nͲPropanolo C 3 H 7 OH Ͳ5,468 38,639 Ͳ24,267 59,162
• Alcolallilico C 3 H 5 OH 2,177 29,798 Ͳ17,820 41,622
• Cloroetene C 2 H 3 Cl 10,046 17,866 Ͳ11,510 28,439 Cloroeteni
• 1,1ͲDicloroetene C 2 H 2 Cl 2  24,681 18,338 Ͳ13,313 35,631
• cisͲ1,2ͲDicloroetene C 2 H 2 Cl 2  18,142 19,627 Ͳ14,213 37,698
• transͲ1,2ͲDicloroetene C 2 H 2 Cl 2  23,686 17,970 Ͳ12,644 33,016
• Tricloroetene C 2 HCl 3  38,493 18,899 Ͳ15,062 42,258
• Tetracloroetene C 2 Cl 4  63,220 15,895 Ͳ13,301 38,028
• Ammoniaca NH 3  27,550 2,563 0,990 Ͳ6,686 Compostiazotati
• Idrazina N 2 H 4  16,276 14,870 Ͳ9,640 25,062
• Metilammina CH 5 N 12,534 15,105 Ͳ6,881 12,345
• Dimetilammina C 2 H 7 N Ͳ1,151 27,678 Ͳ14,571 29,920
• Trimetilammina C 3 H 9 N Ͳ8,778 40,245 Ͳ23,216 52,015
• Acetilene C 2 H 2  21,799 9,208 Ͳ6,523 18,196 Acetileniediolefine
• Metilacetilene C 3 H 4  17,615 17,041 Ͳ9,171 19,719
• Dimetilacetilene C 4 H 6  14,811 24,426 Ͳ11,548 20,811
• Propadiene C 3 H 4  10,167 19,636 Ͳ11,636 27,129
• 1,3Ͳbutadiene C 4 H 6  Ͳ5,397 34,936 Ͳ23,355 59,580
• Isoprene C 5 H 8  Ͳ1,841 43,589 Ͳ28,292 70,835
• Azoto N 2  28,882 Ͳ0,157 0,808 Ͳ2,871 Gasdicombustione(BasseTemperature)
• Ossigeno O 2  25,460 1,519 Ͳ0,715 1,311
• Aria 28,087 0,197 0,480 Ͳ1,965
• Idrogeno H 2  29,087 Ͳ0,191 0,400 Ͳ0,870
• OssidodiCarbonio CO 28,142 0,167 0,537 Ͳ2,220
• AnidrideCarbonica CO 2  22,242 5,977 Ͳ3,499 7,464
• Acqua H 2 O 32,217 0,192 1,055 Ͳ3,593
• Azoto N 2  27,317 0,623 0,095 Ͳ Gasdicombustione(AlteTemperature)
• Ossigeno O 2  28,167 0,630 0,075 Ͳ
• Aria 27,434 0,618 0,090 Ͳ
• Idrogeno H 2  26,878 0,435 0,033 Ͳ
• AnidrideCarbonica CO 2  Vedinota
• Symbol Temperature, K
• Al 0.00026 0.00050 0.00088 0.00140 0.0089 0.0775 0.214 0.357 0.481 0.797 0.859 0.902 0.949 1.042 1.
• Be 0.00008 0.00028 0.0014 0.195 1.109 1.537 1.840 2.191 2.605 2.
• Bi 0.00054 0.00220 0.00541 0.01040 0.0340 0.0729 0.092 0.102 0.109 0.120 0.121 0.122 0.123 0.142 0.
• Cr 0.00016 0.00029 0.00050 0.00081 0.0021 0.0107 0.059 0.127 0.190 0.382 0.424 0.450 0.501 0.565 0.
• Co 0.00036 0.00059 0.00085 0.00121 0.0048 0.0404 0.110 0.184 0.234 0.376 0.406 0.426 0.451 0.509 0.
• Cu 0.00011 0.00024 0.00048 0.00086 0.0076 0.059 0.137 0.203 0.254 0.357 0.377 0.386 0.396 0.431 0.
• Ge 0.00037 0.00081 0.0129 0.0619 0.108 0.153 0.192 0.286 0.305 0.323 0.343 0.364 0.
• Au 0.00018 0.00047 0.00126 0.00255 0.0163 0.0569 0.084 0.100 0.109 0.124 0.127 0.129 0.131 0.136 0.
• Ir 0.00032 0.0021 0.090 0.122 0.128 0.131 0.133 0.140 0.
• Fe 0.00038 0.00061 0.00090 0.00127 0.0039 0.0276 0.086 0.154 0.216 0.384 0.422 0.450 0.491 0.555 0.
• Pb 0.00075 0.00242 0.00747 0.01350 0.0531 0.0944 0.108 0.114 0.118 0.125 0.127 1.129 0.132 0.
• Mg 0.00034 0.00080 0.00155 0.00172 0.0148 0.138 0.336 0.513 0.648 0.929 0.985 1.005 1.082 1.177 1.
• Hg 0.00417 0.01420 0.01820 0.02250 0.0515 0.0895 0.107 0.116 0.121 0.136 0.141 0.139 0.136 0.135 0.
• Mo 0.00011 0.00019 0.00032 0.00050 0.0029 0.0236 0.061 0.105 0.140 0.223 0.241 0.248 0.261 0.280 0.
• Ni 0.00054 0.00086 0.00121 0.00178 0.0058 0.0380 0.103 0.173 0.232 0.383 0.416 0.444 0.490 0.590 0.
• Pt 0.00019 0.00028 0.00067 0.00112 0.0077 0.0382 0.069 0.088 0.101 0.127 0.132 0.134 0.136 0.140 0.
• Ag 0.00016 0.00035 0.00093 0.00186 0.0159 0.0778 0.133 0.166 0.187 0.225 0.232 0.236 0.240 0.251 0.
• Sn 0.00024 0.00127 0.00423 0.00776 0.0400 0.108 0.149 0.173 0.189 0.214 0.220 0.222 0.245 0.257 0.
• Zn 0.00011 0.00029 0.00096 0.00250 0.0269 0.123 0.205 0.258 0.295 0.366 0.380 0.389 0.404 0.435 0.
• Al c 0.00 0. Aluminum
• AlBr 3 c −123.
• aq −209.5 −189.
• Al 4 C 3 c −30.8 −29.
• AlCl 3 c −163.
• aq, 600 −243.9 −209.
• AlF 3 c −
• aq −360.8 −312.
• AlI 3 c −72.
• aq −163.4 −152.
• AlN c −57.7 −50.
• Al(NH 4 )(SO 4 ) 2 c −561.19 −486.
• Al(NH 4 )(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O c −1419.36 −1179.
• Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O c −680.89 −526.
• Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O c −897.
• Al 2 O 3 c, corundum −399.09 −376.
• Al(OH) 3 c −304.8 −272.
• Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 c, sillimanite −648.
• Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 c, disthene −642.
• Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 c, andalusite −642.
• 3Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 c, mullite −
• Al 2 S 3 c −121.
• Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c −820.99 −739.
• aq −893.9 −759.
• Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·6H 2 O c −1268.15 −1103.
• Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O c −
• Sb c 0.00 0. Antimony
• SbBr 3 c −59.
• SbCl 3 c −91.3 −77.
• SbCl 5 l −104.
• SbF 3 c −216.
• SbI 3 c −22.
• Sb 2 O 3 c, I, orthorhombic −165.4 −146.
• c, II, octahedral −166.
• Sb 2 O 4 c −213.0 −186.
• Sb 2 O 5 c −230.0 −196.
• Sb 2 S 3 c, black −38.2 −36.
• As c 0.00 0. Arsenic
• AsBr 3 c −45.
• AsCl 3 l −80.2 −70.
• AsF 3 l −223.76 −212.
• AsH 3 g 43.6 37.
• AsI 3 c −13.
• As 2 O 3 c −154.1 −134.
• As 2 O 5 c −217.9 −183.
• As 2 S 3 c − 20 −
• amorphous −34.
• Ba c 0.00 0. Barium
• BaBr 2 c −180.
• aq, 400 −185.67 −183.
• BaCl 2 c −205.
• aq, 300 −207.92 −196.
• Ba(ClO 3 ) 2 c −176.
• aq, 1600 −170.0 −134.
• Ba(ClO 4 ) 2 c −210.
• aq, 800 −155.
• Ba(CN) 2 c −
• Ba(CNO) 2 c −212.
• aq −180.
• BaCN 2 c −63.
• BaCO 3 c, witherite −284.2 −271.
• BaCrO 4 c −342.
• BaF 2 c −287. Barium ( Cont. )
• aq, 1600 −284.6 −265.
• BaH 2 c −40.8 −31.
• Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 aq − 459 −414.
• BaI 2 c −144.
• aq, 400 −155.17 −158.
• Ba(IO 3 ) 2 c −264.
• aq −237.50 −198.
• BaMoO 4 c −
• Ba 3 N 2 c −90.
• Ba(NO 2 ) 2 c −184.
• aq −179.05 −150.
• Ba(NO 3 ) 2 c −236.99 −189.
• aq, 600 −227.
• BaO c −133.
• Ba(OH) 2 c −225.
• aq, 400 −237.76 −209.
• BaO·SiO 2 c −
• Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 c −
• BaPtCl 6 c −284.
• BaS c −111.
• BaSO 3 c −282.
• BaSO 4 c −340.2 −313.
• BaWO 4 c −
• Be c 0.00 0. Beryllium
• BeBr 2 c −79.
• aq − 142 −127.
• BeCl 2 c −112.
• aq −163.9 −141.
• BeI 2 c −39.
• aq − 112 −103.
• Be 3 N 2 c −134.5 −122.
• BeO c −145.3 −138.
• Be(OH) 2 c −215.
• BeS c −56.
• BeSO 4 c −
• aq −254.
• Bi c 0.00 0. Bismuth
• BiCl 3 c −90.5 −76.
• aq −101.
• BiI 3 c −
• aq −
• BiO c −49.5 −43.
• Bi 2 O 3 c −137.1 −117.
• Bi(OH) 3 c −171.
• Bi 2 S 3 c −43.9 −39.
• Bi 2 (SO 4 ) 3 c −607.
• B c 0.00 0. Boron
• BBr 3 l −52.
• g −44.6 −50.
• BCl 3 g −94.5 −90.
• BF 3 g −265.2 −261.
• B 2 H 6 g 7.5 19.
• BN c −32.1 −27.
• B 2 O 3 c −302.0 −282.
• gls −297.6 −280.
• B(OH) 3 c −260.0 −229.
• B 2 S 3 c −56.
• Br 2 l 0.00 0. Bromine
• g 7.47 0.
• BrCl g 3.06 −0.
• HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION 2-
• Cd c 0.00 0. Cadmium
• CdBr 2 c −75.8 −70.
• aq, 400 −76.6 −67.
• CdCl 2 c −92.149 −81.
• aq, 400 −96.44 −81.
• Cd(CN) 2 c 36.
• CdCO 3 c −178.2 −163.
• CdI 2 c −48.
• aq, 400 −47.46 −43.
• Cd 3 N 2 c 39.
• Cd(NO 3 ) 2 aq, 400 −115.67 −71.
• CdO c −62.35 −55.
• Cd(OH) 2 c −135.0 −113.
• CdS c −34.5 −33.
• CdSO 4 c −222.
• aq, 400 −232.635 −194.
• Ca c 0.00 0. Calcium
• CaBr 2 c −162.
• aq, 400 −187.19 −181.
• CaC 2 c −14.8 −16.
• CaCl 2 c −190.6 −179.
• aq −209.15 −195.
• CaCN 2 c −
• Ca(CN) 2 c −43.
• aq −54.
• CaCO 3 c, calcite −289.5 −270.
• c, aragonite −289.54 −270.
• CaCO 3 ·MgCO 3 c −558.
• CaC 2 O 4 c −332.
• Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c −356.
• aq −364.1 −311.
• CaF 2 c −290.
• aq −286.5 −264.
• CaH 2 c − 46 −35.
• CaI 2 c −128.
• aq, 400 −156.63 −157.
• Ca 3 N 2 c −103.2 −88.
• Ca(NO 3 ) 2 c −224.05 −177.
• aq, 400 −228.
• Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O c −367.95 −293.
• Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O c −439.05 −351.
• Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O c −509.43 −409.
• CaO c −151.7 −144.
• Ca(OH) 2 c −235.58 −213.
• aq, 800 −239.2 −207.
• CaO·SiO 2 c, II, wollastonite −377.9 −357.
• c, I, pseudo- −376.6 −356.
• CaS c −114.3 −113. wollastonite
• CaSO 4 c, insoluble form −338.73 −311.
• c, soluble form α −336.58 −309.
• c, soluble form β −335.52 −308.
• CaSO 4 ·aH 2 O c −376.
• CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O c −479.33 −425.
• CaWO 4 c −
• C c, graphite 0.00 0. Carbon
• c, diamond 0.453 0.
• CO g −26.416 −32.
• CO 2 g −94.052 −94.
• Ce c 0.00 0. Cerium
• CeN c −78.2 −70.
• Cs c 0.00 0. Cesium
• CsBr c −97.
• aq, 500 −91.39 −94.
• CsCl c −106.
• aq, 400 −102.01 −101.
• Cs 2 CO 3 c −271. Cesium ( Cont. )
• CsF c −131.
• aq, 400 −140.48 −135.
• CsH c − 12 −7.
• CsHCO 3 c −230.
• aq, 2000 −226.6 −210.
• CsI c −83.
• aq, 400 −75.74 −82.
• CsNH 2 c −28.
• CsNO 3 c −121.
• aq, 400 −111.54 −96.
• Cs 2 O c −82.
• CsOH c −100.
• aq, 200 −117.0 −107.
• Cs 2 S c −
• Cs 2 SO 4 c −344.
• aq −340.12 −316.
• Cl 2 g 0.00 0. Chlorine
• ClF g −25.
• ClO g
• ClO 2 g 24.7 29.
• ClO 3 g
• Cl 2 O g 18.20 22.
• Cl 2 O 7 g
• Cr c 0.00 0. Chromium
• CrBr 3 aq −122.
• Cr 3 C 2 c −21.008 −21.
• Cr 4 C c −16.378 −16.
• CrCl 2 c −103.1 −93.
• aq −102.
• CrF 2 c −
• CrF 3 c −
• CrI 2 c −63.
• aq −64.
• CrO 3 c −139.
• Cr 2 O 3 c −268.8 −249.
• Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aq −626.
• Co c 0.00 0. Cobalt
• CoBr 2 c −55.
• aq −73.61 −61.
• Co 3 C c 9.49 7.
• CoCl 2 c −76.9 −66.
• aq, 400 −95.58 −75.
• CoCO 3 c −172.39 −155.
• CoF 2 aq −172.98 −144.
• CoI 2 c −24.
• aq −43.15 −37.
• Co(NO 3 ) 2 c −102.
• aq −114.9 −65.
• CoO c −57.
• Co 3 O 4 c −196.
• Co(OH) 2 c −131.5 −108.
• Co(OH) 3 c −177.0 −142.
• CoS c −22.3 −19.
• Co 2 S 3 c −40.
• CoSO 4 c −216.
• aq, 400 −188.
• Cb c 0.00 0. Columbium
• Cb 2 O 5 c −462.
• Cu c 0.00 0. Copper
• CuBr c −26.7 −23.
• CuBr 2 c −34.
• aq −42.4 −33.
• CuCl c −31.4 −24.
• CuCl 2 c −48.
• aq, 400 −64.
• CuClO 4 aq −28.3 1. Copper ( Cont. )
• Cu(ClO 3 ) 2 aq, 400 15.
• Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 aq −5.
• CuI c −17.8 −16.
• CuI 2 c −4.
• aq −11.9 −8.
• Cu 3 N c 17.
• Cu(NO 3 ) 2 c −73.
• aq, 200 −83.6 −36.
• CuO c −38.5 −31.
• Cu 2 O c −43.00 −38.
• Cu(OH) 2 c −108.9 −85.
• CuS c −11.6 −11.
• Cu 2 S c −18.97 −20.
• CuSO 4 c −184.7 −158.
• aq, 800 −200.78 −160.
• Cu 2 SO 4 c −179.
• aq −152.
• Er c 0.00 0. Erbium
• Er(OH) 3 c −326.
• F 2 g 0.00 0. Fluorine
• F 2 O g 5.5 9.
• Ga c 0.00 0. Gallium
• GaBr 3 c −92.
• GaCl 3 c −125.
• GaN c −26.
• Ga 2 O c −84.
• Ga 2 O 3 c −259.
• Ge c 0.00 0. Germanium
• Ge 3 N 4 c −15.
• GeO 2 c −128.
• Au c 0.00 0. Gold
• AuBr c −3.
• AuBr 3 c −14.
• aq −11.0 24.
• AuCl c −8.
• AuCl 3 c −28.
• aq −32.96 4.
• AuI c 0.2 −0.
• Au 2 O 3 c 11.0 18.
• Au(OH) 3 c −100.
• Hf c 0.00 0. Hafnium
• HfO 2 c −271.1 −258.
• H 3 AsO 3 aq −175.6 −153. Hydrogen
• H 3 AsO 4 c −214.
• aq −214.8 −183.
• HBr g −8.66 −12.
• aq, 400 −28.80 −24.
• HBrO aq −25.4 −19.
• HBrO 3 aq −11.51 5.
• HCl g −22.063 −22.
• aq, 400 −39.85 −31.
• HCN g 31.1 27.
• aq, 100 24.2 26.
• HClO aq, 400 −28.18 −19.
• HClO 3 aq −23.4 −0.
• HClO 4 aq, 660 −31.4 −10.
• HC 2 H 3 O 2 l −116.2 −93.
• aq, 400 −116.74 −96.
• H 2 C 2 O 4 c −196.
• aq, 300 −194.6 −165.
• HCOOH l −97.8 −82.
• aq, 200 −98.0 −85.
• H 2 CO 3 aq −167.19 −149. Hydrogen ( Cont. )
• HF g −64.2 −64.
• aq, 200 −75.
• HI g 6.27 0.
• aq, 400 −13.47 −12.
• HIO aq − 38 −23.
• HIO 3 c −56.
• aq −54.8 −32.
• HN 3 g 70.3 78.
• HNO 3 g −31.99 −17.
• l −41.35 −19.
• aq, 400 −49.
• HNO 3 ·H 2 O l −112.91 −78.
• HNO 3 ·3H 2 O l −252.15 −193.
• H 2 O g −57.7979 −54.
• l −68.3174 −56.
• H 2 O 2 l −45.16 −28.
• aq, 200 −45.80 −31.
• H 3 PO 2 c −145.
• aq −145.6 −120.
• H 3 PO 3 c −232.
• aq −232.2 −204.
• H 3 PO 4 c −306.
• aq, 400 −309.32 −270.
• H 2 S g −4.77 −7.
• aq, 2000 −9.
• H 2 S 2 l −3.
• H 2 SO 3 aq, 200 −146.88 −128.
• H 2 SO 4 l −193.
• aq, 400 −212.
• H 2 Se g 20.5 17.
• aq 18.1 18.
• H 2 SeO 3 c −126.
• aq −122.4 −101.
• H 2 SeO 4 c −130.
• aq, 400 −143.
• H 2 SiO 3 c −267.8 −247.
• H 4 SiO 4 c −340.
• H 2 Te g 36.9 33.
• H 2 TeO 3 c −145.0 −115.
• aq −145.
• H 2 TeO 4 aq −165.
• In c 0.00 0. Indium
• InBr 3 c −97.
• aq −112.9 −97.
• InCl 3 c −128.
• aq −145.6 −117.
• InI 3 c −56.
• aq −67.2 −60.
• InN c −4.
• In 2 O 3 c −222.
• I 2 c 0.00 0. Iodine
• g 14.88 4.
• IBr g 10.05 1.
• ICl g 4.20 −1.
• ICl 3 c −21.8 −6.
• I 2 O 5 c −42.
• Ir c 0.00 0. Iridium
• IrCl c −20.5 −16.
• IrCl 2 c −40.6 −32.
• IrCl 3 c −60.5 −46.
• IrF 6 l −
• IrO 2 c −40.
• Fe c, α 0.00 0. Iron
• FeBr 2 c −57.
• aq, 540 −78.7 −69.
• HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION 2-
• FeBr 3 aq −95.5 −76. Iron ( Cont. )
• Fe 3 C c 5.69 4.
• Fe(CO) 5 l −187.
• FeCO 3 c, siderite −172.4 −154.
• FeCl 2 c −81.9 −72.
• aq −100.0 −83.
• FeCl 3 c −96.
• aq, 2000 −128.5 −96.
• FeF 2 aq, 1200 −177.2 −151.
• FeI 2 c −24.
• aq −47.7 −
• FeI 3 aq −49.7 −39.
• Fe 4 N c −2.55 0.
• Fe(NO 3 ) 2 aq −118.9 −72.
• Fe(NO 3 ) 3 aq, 800 −156.5 −81.
• FeO c −64.62 −59.
• Fe 2 O 3 c −198.5 −179.
• Fe 3 O 4 c −266.9 −242.
• Fe(OH) 2 c −135.9 −115.
• Fe(OH) 3 c −197.3 −166.
• FeO·SiO 2 c −273.
• Fe 2 P c −
• FeSi c −19.
• FeS c −22.64 −23.
• FeS 2 c, pyrites −38.62 −35.
• c, marcasite −33.
• FeSO 4 c −221.3 −195.
• aq, 400 −236.2 −196.
• Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aq, 400 −653.3 −533.
• FeTiO 3 c, ilmenite −295.51 −277.
• La c 0.00 0. Lanthanum
• LaCl 3 c −253.
• aq −284.
• La 3 H 8 c −
• LaN c −72.0 −64.
• La 2 O 3 c −
• LaS 2 c −148.
• La 2 S 3 c −351.
• La 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aq −
• Pb c 0.00 0. Lead
• PbBr 2 c −66.24 −62.
• aq −56.4 −54.
• PbCO 3 c, cerussite −167.6 −150.
• Pb(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 c −232.
• aq, 400 −234.2 −184.
• PbC 2 O 4 c −205.
• PbCl 2 c −85.68 −75.
• aq −82.5 −68.
• PbF 2 c −159.5 −148.
• PbI 2 c −41.77 −41.
• Pb(NO 3 ) 2 c −106.
• aq, 400 −99.46 −58.
• PbO c, red −51.72 −45.
• c, yellow −50.86 −43.
• PbO 2 c −65.0 −52.
• Pb 3 O 4 c −172.4 −142.
• Pb(OH) 2 c −123.0 −102.
• PbS c −22.38 −21.
• PbSO 4 c −218.5 −192.
• Li c 0.00 0. Lithium
• LiBr c −83.
• aq, 400 −95.40 −95.
• LiBrO 3 aq −77.9 −65.
• Li 2 C 2 c −13.
• LiCN aq −31.4 −31.
• LiCNO aq −101.2 −94.
• LiC 2 H 3 O 2 aq −183.9 −160. Lithium ( Cont. )
• Li 2 CO 3 c −289.7 −269.
• aq, 1900 −293.1 −267.
• LiCl c −97.
• aq, 278 −106.45 −102.
• LiClO 3 aq −87.5 −70.
• LiClO 4 aq −106.3 −81.
• LiF c −145.
• aq, 400 −144.85 −136.
• LiH c −22.
• LiHCO 3 aq, 2000 −231.1 −210.
• LiI c −65.
• aq, 400 −80.09 −83.
• LiIO 3 aq −121.3 −102.
• Li 3 N c −47.45 −37.
• LiNO 3 c −115.
• aq, 400 −115.88 −96.
• Li 2 O c −142.
• Li 2 O 2 c −151.9 −138.
• aq −
• LiOH c −116.58 −106.
• aq, 400 −121.47 −108.
• LiOH·H 2 O c −188.
• Li 2 O·SiO 2 gls −
• Li 2 Se c −84.
• aq −95.5 −105.
• Li 2 SO 4 c −340.23 −314.
• aq, 400 −347.
• Li 2 SO 4 ·H 2 O c −411.57 −375.
• Mg c 0.00 0. Magnesium
• Mg(AsO 4 ) 2 c −731.
• aq − 749 −630.
• MgBr 2 c −123.
• aq, 400 −167.33 −156.
• Mg(CN) 2 aq −39.7 −29.
• MgCN 2 c −
• Mg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 aq −344.6 −286.
• MgCO 3 c −261.7 −241.
• MgCl 2 c −153.220 −143.
• aq, 400 −189.
• MgCl 2 ·H 2 O c −230.970 −205.
• MgCl 2 ·2H 2 O c −305.810 −267.
• MgCl 2 ·4H 2 O c −453.820 −387.
• MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O c −597.240 −505.
• MgF 2 c −263.
• MgI 2 c −86.
• aq, 400 −136.79 −132.
• MgMoO 4 c −329.
• Mg 3 N 2 c −115.2 −100.
• Mg(NO 3 ) 2 c −188.770 −140.
• aq, 400 −209.927 −160.
• Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O c −336.
• Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O c −624.48 −496.
• MgO c −143.84 −136.
• MgO·SiO 2 c −347.5 −326.
• Mg(OH) 2 c, ppt. −221.90 −200.
• c, brucite −223.9 −193.
• MgS c −84.
• aq −
• MgSO 4 c −304.94 −277.
• aq, 400 −325.4 −283.
• MgTe c −
• MgWO 4 c −345.
• Mn c, α 0.00 0. Manganese
• MnBr 2 c −
• aq − 106 −97.
• Mn 3 C c 1.1 1.