Pediatric stroke presentation, Prezentacje z Medycyna

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PAEDIATRICPAEDIATRIC

STROKESTROKE

By Maria Homchenko and Sofiya Kyslyuk

Pediatric stroke is a rare but serious condition with unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment compared to adult stroke. With symptoms that vary by age, pediatric strokes can lead to long-term neurological effects, making early identification and intervention essential. In this presentation we will talk about the basics of pediatric stroke, including risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and management, to support timely and effective care. WHAT IS PEDIATRIC STROKE ?WHAT IS PEDIATRIC STROKE?

SYMPTOMS IN NEONATES AND INFANTSSYMPTOMS IN NEONATES AND INFANTS Seizures: The most common sign, often focal and subtle, such as lip-smacking, repetitive blinking, or jerking of one limb. Poor feeding and lethargy: Especially in very young infants who are unable to verbalize symptoms. Developmental delay: Missed milestones or difficulty with movement, often noticed later if subtle signs were overlooked. Weakness on one side of the body (hemiparesis): Infants may show a preference for one side, moving one hand or leg less than the other.

Weakness or numbness on one side (hemiparesis): One arm or leg may weaken; facial droop possible. Speech difficulties: Trouble speaking or understanding language. Severe headache: Often seen in hemorrhagic stroke, sometimes in ischemic. Vision changes: Blurred, double, or partial vision loss. Balance issues: Poor coordination, dizziness, or stumbling. Seizures: Possible, though less common than in infants. SYMPTOMS IN OLDER CHILDRENSYMPTOMS IN OLDER CHILDREN

Congenital heart disease: Structural abnormalities or heart surgeries can increase the risk. Blood disorders: Sickle cell disease, clotting disorders, or infections like meningitis. Trauma: Head injuries or neck trauma can lead to vascular injuries. Infections: Certain infections may cause inflammation of blood vessels. Genetic predispositions: Conditions like Moyamoya disease or metabolic disorders. RISK FACTORS AND CAUSESRISK FACTORS AND CAUSES

DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS Imaging: MRI is preferred for its sensitivity to detecting ischemic stroke, while CT scans may be useful for quickly assessing hemorrhagic stroke. Blood tests: To assess for clotting disorders, infections, or metabolic abnormalities. Blood tests: To assess for clotting disorders, infections, or metabolic abnormalities.

Potential Long-Term Complications Motor deficits: Weakness, coordination issues, or spasticity on one side. Cognitive or speech impairments: Learning difficulties, memory issues, or language delays. Behavioral and emotional issues: Anxiety, depression, or behavioral changes due to brain injury. Epilepsy: Increased risk of developing seizures after stroke. COMPLICATIONS ANDCOMPLICATIONS AND PROGNOSISPROGNOSIS

Pediatric stroke, although rare, can have a profound impact if not recognized and treated promptly. Presentation varies by age; neonates often show seizures and irritability, while older children may have focal neurological signs. Early and accurate diagnosis with imaging is essential, followed by a multidisciplinary approach to management. Closing Thoughts Awareness of pediatric stroke can lead to quicker diagnosis, better outcomes, and support for affected children and families. Key Takeaways Key Takeaways

Question 1 What is the most common type of stroke in children? A) Ischemic stroke B) Hemorrhagic stroke C) Transient ischemic attack (TIA) D) Venous sinus thrombosis Question 2 Which of the following is a risk factor for pediatric stroke? A) Sickle cell disease B) Diabetes mellitus C) Hypertension D) All of the above Question 3 What is a common presenting symptom of stroke in children? A) Seizures B) Headache C) Weakness or numbness on one side of the body D) All of the above Question 4 IN children, which diagnostic tool is commonly used to identify a stroke? A) X-ray B) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) C) Ultrasound D) CT (Computed Tomography) scan Question 5 What is the recommended treatment for an acute ischemic stroke in children?

A) Immediate surgery

B) Thrombolysis with alteplase C) Anticoagulation therapy D) Observation only Question 6 Which of the following is a long-term complication of pediatric stroke? A) Cognitive impairment B) Motor deficits C) Epilepsy D) All of the above Q AND A