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The Absolute Participle Construction
Незалежний дієприкметниковий комплекс
📘 Grammar explanation
The Absolute Participle Construction is a grammatical structure that consists of: a noun or pronoun a participle (Participle I or Participle II) This construction is independent from the main clause and has its own subject. It is used to show: time reason condition accompanying circumstances
📘 Structure
📘 Examples
The operation being over, the patient was taken to the ward. The doctor having arrived, the examination began. Weather permitting, we shall go for a walk.
📘 Translation into Ukrainian
Usually translated by: підрядне речення дієприслівниковий зворот
Examples:
The lesson being over, the students left the room. → Коли урок закінчився, студенти пішли з кімнати. The patient feeling better, the doctor allowed him to walk. → Оскільки пацієнт почувався краще, лікар дозволив йому ходити.
📘 Types of Absolute Participle Construction
1. With Participle I
Structure:
Examples:
The nurse preparing the instruments, the surgeon entered the room. The patient sleeping, the nurse left quietly.
2. With Participle II
Structure:
Examples:
The work completed, the doctors went home. The operation finished, the patient was taken to recovery room.
3. With “having + V₃”
Structure:
Examples:
The doctor having examined the patient, the treatment was started. The nurse having prepared the equipment, the operation began.
✏️ Exercise 3. Choose the correct answer
- The lesson ________ over, the students left. a) being b) be c) been
- The doctor ________ arrived, the examination began. a) have b) having c) had
- The patient ________ better, he walked. a) feel b) feeling c) felt
- Weather ________, we shall go out. a) permit b) permitting c) permitted
- The work ________, the doctors went home. a) completed b) completing c) complete
- The nurse ________ the equipment, the operation began. a) preparing b) having prepared c) prepare
- The patient ________, the nurse left quietly. a) sleeping b) slept c) sleep
- The operation ________, the patient was moved. a) finish b) finished c) finishing
- The doctor ________ the patient, treatment began. a) having examined b) examine c) examined
- The child ________, the mother entered the room. a) crying b) cried c) cry
✏️ Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian
- The operation being over, the patient was taken to the ward.
- The doctor having arrived, the examination began.
- The patient feeling better, he was allowed to walk.
- Weather permitting, we shall go outside.
- The work completed, the doctors went home.
- The nurse having prepared the equipment, the operation began.
- The patient sleeping, the nurse spoke quietly.
- The lesson being over, the students left the classroom.
- The doctor having examined the patient, treatment started.
- The child crying, the nurse comforted him.
✏️ Exercise 5. Make sentences
- operation / be over / patient / take to ward
- doctor / arrive / examination / begin
- patient / feel better / walk
- nurse / prepare instruments / surgeon / enter
- weather / permit / we / go outside
- work / complete / doctors / go home
- patient / sleep / nurse / speak quietly
- doctor / examine patient / treatment / start
- child / cry / nurse / comfort him
- lesson / be over / students / leave classroom
📘 Summary
The Absolute Participle Construction: has its own subject; is independent from the main clause; is used to show time, reason, condition, or accompanying circumstances. 📘 It is common in scientific, literary, and medical English.
