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ASSIGNMENT BRIEF 1 SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number Unit 2: Networking Assignment title Networking Infrastructure Academic Year Unit Tutor Issue date Submission date IV name and date Submission format Part 1 The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is 2,000– 2,500 words, although you will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit. Part 2 The submission is in the form of an individual evidence portfolio.
- A LAN design plan and blueprint and justification document.
- A fully completed test plan including an evaluation of results and recommendations for improvements to LAN.
- A proposed and justified maintenance schedule. Part 3
- Evidence of an implemented network. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs, subsections and illustrations as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Unit Learning Outcomes LO1: Examine networking principles and their protocols. LO 2: Explain networking devices and operations. LO3: Design efficient networked systems. LO4: Implement and diagnose networked systems.
Part 2 Design efficient networked systems
- Prepare a written step-by-step plan of how you are going to design a Local Area Network including a blueprint of your LAN.
- Justify your choice of devices for your network design.
- Produce a test plan to evaluate this design for the requirements of bandwidth and cost constraints as per user specifications.
- Justify the security requirements and quality of services needed for selection of accessories.
- Suggest a maintenance schedule to support the networked system. Part 3 Implement test and diagnose networked systems
- Implement a networked system based on your prepared design.
- Conduct verification with e.g. Ping, extended ping, trace route, telnet, SSH, etc.
- Record the test results and analyze these against expected results.
- Investigate what functionalities would allow the system to support device growth and the addition of communication devices.
- Discuss the significance of upgrades and security requirements in your recommendations. ASSESMENT CRITERIA Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Pass Merit Distinction LO1 Examine networking principles and their protocols
P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of M1 Compare common different network types and standards. networking principles and how protocols enable the P2 Explain the impact of network topology, effectiveness of networked communication and bandwidth systems. requirements. LO1 & 2 D1 Considering a given scenario, identify the topology protocol selected for the efficient utilization of a networking system. LO2 Explain networking devices and operations P3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types. P4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software. M2 Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance optimisation. INTRODUCTION TO NETWORKING Networking is referred as connecting computers electronically for the purpose of sharing information. Resources such as files, applications, printers and software are common information shared in a networking. The advantage of networking can be seen clearly in terms of security, efficiency, manageability and cost effectiveness as it allows collaboration between users in a wide range. Basically, network consists of hardware component such as computer, hubs, switches, routers and other devices which form the network infrastructure. These are the devices that play an important role in data transfer from one place to another using different technology such as radio waves and wires. There are many types of network available in the networking industries and the most common network are Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN).LAN network is made up of two or more computers connected together in a short distance usually at home, office buildings or school. WAN is a network that covers wider area than LAN and usually covers cities, countries and the whole world. Several major LAN can be connect together to form a WAN. As several devices are connected to network, it is important to ensure data collision does not happened when this devices attempt to use
P4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software
4. 1 What is workstation hardware? ......................................................................................................................................... 4. What is networking software? _...............................................................................................................................................
- 3_ What is the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software? .........................................
List of Figures
Figure 1 P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards ............... 11
1. 1 Types of Networks in Use Today ........................................................................................................ 11 1.1. 1 Personal Area Network (PAN) ......................................................................................................... 11 1.1. 2 Local Area Network (LAN) ............................................................................................................... 11 1.1. 3 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) ............................................................................................ 11 1.1. 4 Campus Area Network (CAN) .......................................................................................................... 11 1.1. 5 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) ............................................................................................... 12 1.1. 6 Wide Area Network (WAN) ............................................................................................................. 12
1.1. 7 Storage-Area Network (SAN) .......................................................................................................... 13 1.1. 8 System-Area Network (also known as SAN) ................................................................................... 13 1.1. 9 Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) ................................................................................ 13 1.1. 10 Enterprise Private Network (EPN) ................................................................................................. 13
1. 2 Constraint Network ........................................................................................................................... _14
- 3_ The Advantages of Networking ......................................................................................................... 14 1.3. 1 Information sharing ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.3. 2 Connections .................................................................................................................................... 14 1.3. 3 Promotion ........................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3. 4 Credibility ........................................................................................................................................ 14 1.3. 5 Self Esteem ...................................................................................................................................... _15
- 4_ Protocol .............................................................................................................................................. _16
- 5_ Internet Protocol Suite ....................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 2 P2 Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements _.. 17
- 1_ Types of Topology .............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1. 1 Mesh Topology ............................................................................................................................... 18 2.1. 2 Star Topology .................................................................................................................................. 19 2.1. 3 Bus Topology ................................................................................................................................... 20
3.2. 5 Application Server ........................................................................................................................... 29 3.2. 6 Real-Time Communication Server .................................................................................................. 29 3.2. 7 FTP Server ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2. 8 Collaboration Server ....................................................................................................................... 30 3.2. 9 List Server ........................................................................................................................................ 30 3.2. 10 Telnet Server ................................................................................................................................ 30 3.2. 11 Open Source Server ....................................................................................................................... 30 3.2. 12 Virtual Server ................................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 4 P4 Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software …………………………………………………………………………………....………………………………………………………………….… 31
4. 1 What is workstation hardware? ....................................................................................................... _31
- 2_ What is networking software? ......................................................................................................... _31
- 3_ What is the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software? .... 31
List of Tables
Table 1 Common Protocols Used and Their Ports: ................................................................................... 16
Figure 1 P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards Definition networking: Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among people with a common profession or special interest, usually in an informal social setting. Networking is used by professionals to expand their circles of acquaintances, to find out about job opportunities in their fields, and to increase their awareness of news and trends in their fields or in the greater world. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
1. 1 Types of Networks in Use Today 1.1. 1 Personal Area Network (PAN) The smallest and most basic type of network, a PAN is made up of a wireless modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, tablets, etc., and revolves around one person in one building. These types of networks are typically found in small offices or residences, and are managed by one person or organization from a single device. 1.1. 2 Local Area Network (LAN) We’re confident that you’ve heard of these types of networks before– LANs are the most frequently discussed networks, one of the most common, one of the most original and one of the simplest types of networks. LANs connect groups of computers and low-voltage devices together across short distances (within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close proximity to each other) to share information and resources. Enterprises typically manage and maintain LANs.Using routers, LANs can connect to wide area networks (WANs, explained below) to rapidly and safely transfer data. 1.1. 3 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Functioning like a LAN, WLANs make use of wireless network technology, such as WiFi. Typically seen in the same types of applications as LANs, these types of networks don’t require that devices rely on physical cables to connect to the network.
1.1. 8 System-Area Network (also known as SAN) This term is fairly new within the past two decades. It is used to explain a relatively local network that is designed to provide high-speed connection in server-to-server applications (cluster environments), storage area networks (called “SANs” as well) and processor-to-processor applications. The computers connected on a SAN operate as a single system at very high speeds. 1.1. 9 Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) As an alternative to traditional switch-based Ethernet LANs, POLAN technology can be integrated into structured cabling to overcome concerns about supporting traditional Ethernet protocols and network applications such as PoE (Power over Ethernet). A point-to-multipoint LAN architecture, POLAN uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from one strand of singlemode optical fiber into multiple signals to serve users and devices. 1.1. 10 Enterprise Private Network (EPN) These types of networks are built and owned by businesses that want to securely connect its various locations to share computer resources 1.1. 11 Virtual Private Network (VPN) By extending a private network across the Internet, a VPN lets its users send and receive data as if their devices were connected to the private network – even if they’re not. Through a virtual pointto- point connection, users can access a private network remotely.
1. 2 Constraint Network - A constraint network is a formulation of an instance of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)which is at the core of constraint programming. In a discrete instance, the domains ,which are the sets of allowed values of variables , are finite.The discrete constraint satisfaction problem is not known to admit polynomial running time algorithms to solve its instances.
1. 3 The Advantages of Networking 1.3. 1 Information sharing - The depth of knowledge and experience from a group of people can be staggering. Networking will provide many opportunities to ask questions and receive feedback.Discussing other points of view really expands your knowledge base, and allows you to see things from a broader perspective. Learning from other’s “best practices” saves time, energy and resources. 1.3. 2 Connections - When opportunity “knocks” you want to be in a position to take advantage of it. Many times there is a need for information-sharing, joint ventures, partnerships, and even needs for services. Having a wide network of individuals to contact may be the difference in seizing the moment or missing it completely. 1.3. 3 Promotion - Whether promoting yourself or your organization, having a large network may assist you in moving your career forward, promoting a new product launch, or driving new members to your organization. “Word of mouth” is still one of the best forms of advertising. Spreading good information about you or your organization may provide leads for career advancement or organization growth. 1.3. 4 Credibility - Improving your reputation and finding support are also benefits of networking. If you are successful at networking, you might get a reputation for being a person people will want to talk to and get to know. A good reputation leads to support. You may have valuable information, ideas, and resources those in your network may need. Establishing your desire to assist a colleague increases your credibility. 1.3. 5 Self Esteem
protocol can be described by the same description as the OSI model, but there are some different, not all the corresponding layers. Table 1 Common Protocols Used and Their Ports:
Port Service name Transport protocol
20, 21 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) TCP
22 Secure Shell (SSH) TCP and UDP
23 Telnet TCP
25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) TCP
50, 51 IPSec
53 Domain Name System (DNS) TCP and UDP
67, 68 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) UDP
69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) UDP
80 HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) TCP
110 Post Office Protocol (POP3) TCP
119 Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) TCP
123 Network Time Protocol (NTP) UDP
135 - 139 NetBIOS TCP and UDP
143 Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP4) TCP and UDP
161, 162 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) TCP and UDP
389 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol TCP and UDP
443 HTTP with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) TCP and UDP
3389 Remote Desktop Protocol TCP and UDP
Figure 2 P2 Explain the impact of network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements Geometric representation of how the computers are connected to each other is known as topology. There are five types of topology – Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring and Hybrid.
2. 1 Types of Topology There are five types of topology in computer networks - Mesh Topology - Star Topology - Bus Topology
- Fault detection is easy. Disadvantages of Mesh topology
- Amount of wires required to connected each system is tedious and headache.
- Since each device needs to be connected with other devices, number of I/O ports required must be huge.
- Scalability issues because a device cannot be connected with large number of devices with a dedicated point to point link. 2.1. 2 Star Topology In star topology each device in the network is connected to a central device called hub. Unlike Mesh topology, star topology doesn’t allow direct communication between devices, a device must have to communicate through hub. If one device wants to send data to other device, it has to first send the data to hub and then the hub transmit that data to the designated device. Advantages of Star topology
- Less expensive because each device only need one I/O port and needs to be connected with hub with one link.
- Easier to install
- Less amount of cables required because each device needs to be connected with the hub only.
- Robust, if one link fails, other links will work just fine.
- Easy fault detection because the link can be easily identified. Disadvantages of Star topology
- If hub goes down everything goes down, none of the devices can work without hub.
- Hub requires more resources and regular maintenance because it is the central system of star topology. 2.1. 3 Bus Topology In bus topology there is a main cable and all the devices are connected to this main cable through drop lines. There is a device called tap that connects the drop line to the main cable. Since all the data is transmitted over the main cable, there is a limit of drop lines and the distance a main cable can have. Advantages of bus topology
- Easy installation, each cable needs to be connected with backbone cable.
- Less cables required than Mesh and star topology
