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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date 29 th^ of December 2021 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Tran Anh Tuan Student ID GCD Class GCD1001 Assessor name Dang Quang Hien Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Tuan Grading grid
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- I. Introduction
- Benefits and constraints of several network
- Benefits of different network types
- Network standards
- 3.1. Definition
- 3.2. Network protocol standards
- 3.3. Types of Standards
- II. Network topology, communication and bandwidth requirements
- Network topology
- 1.1. Star topology
- 1.2. Mesh topology
- 1.3. Bus topology
- 1.4. Ring topology
- 1.5. Tree topology
- 1.6. Hybrid topology
- Communication and bandwidth
- 2.1. Communication network
- 2.2. Bandwidth requirements
- III. Operating principles of networking devices and server types
- Operating principles
- Networking devices
- Server types...........................................................................................................................................
- IV. Inter – dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software
- Workstation hardware definition
- Networking software definition
- Inter – dependence of workstation with network software
- Figure 1. Local Area Network Table of figure
- Figure 2. Wide Area Network
- Figure 3. Personal Area Network
- Figure 4. Metropolitan Area Network
- Figure 5. Star Topology
- Figure 6. Mesh Topology
- Figure 7. Bus Topology
- Figure 8. Ring Topology
- Figure 9. Tree Topology
- Figure 10. Hybrid Topology
- Figure 11. Network Communication
- Figure 12. Bandwidth Requirements
- Figure 13. Wifi Repeater
- Figure 14. Ethernet Hub
- Figure 15. Ethernet Switch
- Figure 16. Wifi Router
- Figure 17. Network Interference Card..........................................................................................................
- Figure 18. Networking Software
I. Introduction
The networking environment is very complex. There are several things about this subject. From types of network and standards to protocol. In this task, you need to learn about the Cisco Packet Tracer to do a lab.
1. Benefits and constraints of several network
1.1. Network type
It include 4 mainly network types that you have to listen a) LAN – local area network The most frequently discussed network is Local Area Network, one of the most prevalent, the most original and the simplest network types. LANs link groups of computers and low-voltage devices over short distances to exchange information and resources (within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close proximity to each other). Usually, businesses handle and manage LANs.
The Internet is the most simple instance of a WAN, linking all computers around the world together. Because of the wide scope of a WAN, multiple administrators or the public usually own and manage it. Figure 2. Wide Area Network
c) PAN – personal area network A PAN is the smallest and most common type of network, consisting of a wireless modem , a computer or two, computers , printers, tablets, etc., and in one building it revolves around one person. In small offices or homes, these types of networks are usually found and are operated from a single computer by one person or organization. Figure 3. Personal Area Network
2. Benefits of different network types a) LAN – local area network - LAN-connecting devices can easily share data with each other. - Can connect to other peripherals, for example: printers, photocopiers... - The connection is inexpensive and easy to set up. - A range of fault-tolerant features are supported by LANs, improving reliability and reducing downtime for your company. - Contact with other users by means of a messaging system is also provided. This makes management more efficient for your company. b) WAN – wide area network - Although a WAN may consist of a wide geographical region, spanning national or international boundaries, a LAN can only span a house. - The network provides both the collection of information and a mechanism for exchanging the information with other users of the network. - Servers that increase security are available. c) PAN – personal area network - Efficient , cost-efficient and convenient PANs are effective. - Some PANs, using the same radio bands, can interfere badly with other wireless networking technologies. - Networks with Bluetooth are reasonably stable but have sluggish data speeds. d) MAN – metropolitan area network - The MAN link to the WAN network is less costly. - Quick and free sending local emails on MAN. - Higher speed than WAN. - Online Sharing. - The LAN to MAN conversion is very quick. - With High Security.
3. Network standards
3.1. Definition
Through specifying the rules of communication between networked devices, networking standards ensure the interoperability of networking technologies. There are networking specifications that help ensure that products from different manufacturers can operate together in a network without the chance of incompatibility.
3.2. Network protocol standards
During data communication, a number of standards may be used simultaneously at the different layers. The commonly used standards at each layer are:
- Application layer − HTTP, HTML, POP, H.323, IMAP
- Transport layer − TCP, SPX
- Network layer −IP, IPX
- Data link layer − Ethernet IEEE 802.3, X.25, Frame Relay
- Physical layer −RS-232C (cable), V.92 (modem)
3.3. Types of Standards
Some of the noted standards organizations are:
- International Standards Organization (ISO).
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
- Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE).
- American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
- Internet Research Task Force (IETF).
- Electronic Industries Association (EIA).
1.2. Mesh topology
A mesh topology is a network configuration where each computer and network unit is linked to each other. Even if one of the connections goes down, this topology configuration allows for most transmissions to be distributed. This is a widely used topology for wireless networks. Figure 6. Mesh Topology
1.3. Bus topology
A bus topology is a Local Area Network ( LAN) topology in which all the nodes are connected to a single cable. A "backbone" is called the cable that the nodes link to. The entire section fails if the backbone is destroyed. Figure 7. Bus Topology
1.5. Tree topology
A tree topology is a particular type of structure in which several associated elements are arranged like a tree's branches. Tree topologies, for example, are also used to arrange machines in a corporate network or data in a database. Figure 9. Tree Topology
1.6. Hybrid topology
A hybrid topology is a type of topology of a network that uses two or more different topologies of the network. A variation of bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology, and tree topology can be used in these topologies. Figure 10. Hybrid Topology
2.2. Bandwidth requirements
The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network at a given moment is called its bandwidth. The bandwidth is calculated by the types of network cards and modems used, as well as the cable volume and length used. Classification for bandwidth:
- Committed Bandwidth: Every month, the provider offers you a certain amount of bandwidth. If you use it over bandwidth, you need to pay extra fees to the provider.
- Shared bandwidth: As the name implies, you usually only use less than 100 Mbps and the rest you need to share with others, you have to share your bandwidth with others.
- Delicate bandwidth: This is the sort of bandwidth most people use because you don't have to share it with anyone and you don't have any data number limitations. Figure 12. Bandwidth Requirements
III. Operating principles of networking devices and server types
1. Operating principles
Only if there is some sort of communication between the computers will processes running on different computers communicate. The basic concepts of networking are defined in this chapter. In the following chapter, knowledge of this chapter is needed to understand the potential and limitations of the TCP / IP protocol suite used by all UNIX interprocessor communication facilities. List some protocols: TCP/IP, HTTP, DNS, ICMP
- Application protocol: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) HTTP establishes the framework for data sharing on the World Wide Web. Using hyperlinks between text nodes, the hypertext is structured text. The HTTP protocol is the hypermedia information network standard that is distributed and works together. The default port of HTTP is 80 and 443 is the address.
- Transport protocol: Transmission control protocol (TCP) The protocol for control is the central protocol of the internet protocol suite. The network in which the Internet Protocol was complemented was created. This makes it commonly known in the entire suite as TCP / IP. Via an IP network, TCP efficiently provides a stream of bytes. Ordering and error reporting are the main characteristics of the TCP. For all major Internet services, including the World Wide Web, email and file transfer, TCP is the sound source.
- Domain Name System (DNS): Convert a domain name into an IP address, such as Google.com.
2. Networking devices
a) Repeater In telecommunications, an electronic system that receives and retransmits a signal is a repeater. Repeaters are used to prolong signals such that longer distances can be covered by the signal or received on the other side of an obstruction. Some types of repeaters broadcast an identical signal, but shift the transmission method to another frequency or baud rate. A telephone repeater is an amplifier in a telephone line; an optical repeater is an optoelectronic circuit that amplifies the light beam in an optical fiber cable; and a radio repeater is a radio receiver and transmitter that transmit a radio signal. There are many common types of repeater included.
