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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 13 :Computing Research Project Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Nguyen Duy Anh Student ID GCH Class GCH1003 Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 M3 D1 D
Summative Feedback: Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date: Internal Verifier’s Comments: Signature & Date:
- I. Introduction - 1. Research’s main aims and objectives - 2. Scope and limitations....................................................................................................................................
- II. Literature review................................................................................................................................................... - 1. Primary research vs secondary research - 2. Qualitative vs Quantitative - 3. Scientific method - 4. Research processes - 5. Population in research - 6. Propose the choice of methods selected
- III. Secondary research.........................................................................................................................................
- What are robots/robotics and what is surgery...............................................................................................
- a. Robot/Robotic definition
- b. Surgery definition
- History
- a. Robots history
- b. Surgery history [2].......................................................................................................................................
- Technology
- Impact on the environment
- Conclusion and initial hypothesis
- IV. Primary research
- Population of research....................................................................................................................................
- Primary research method
- Survey Form
- Analyze data in the survey form
- Recommendation............................................................................................................................................
- V. Research Proposal Form
- VI. Ethics Approval Form
- References
- Figure 1. Primary research vs secondary research Table of Figures
- Figure 2. Quantitative data
- Figure 3. Qualitative data
- Figure 4. Connection of Population and Sample
- Figure 5. Robot............................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 6. Survey questions (1/4)
- Figure 7. Survey questions (2/4)
- Figure 8. Survey questions (3/4)
- Figure 9. Survey questions (4/4)
- Figure 10. Chart for ages
- Figure 11. Jobs of the people who answers................................................................................................................
- Figure 12. The popularity of robotics education in medical schools/workplaces
- Figure 13. The popularity of robotics in medical schools/workplaces
- Figure 14. The effectiveness of robots in surgery for those who have seen it in action
- Figure 15. People's idea of using robots in surgery
- Figure 16. People's idea of using robots in surgery
- Figure 17. The effectiveness of surgery robots
- Figure 18. Benefits and drawbacks of using robots in surgery
I. Introduction One of the things that digital transformation uses to help improve people’s lives is the hospitalize section, to be more accurate, the surgery section. This alteration affects knowledge, abilities, and surgical safety in addition to altering how hospital human resources are managed or how doctors interact with patients. It is undeniable that surgical skills have advanced to a very high level, but mistakes do still occur occasionally. As a result, a growing number of hospitals—particularly large hospitals—are outfitted with technological equipment. This trend, which has a significant impact on the nation, aims to improve quality and ensure the safety of both doctors and patients. The use of robotic arms or simulators by surgeons aids in technique improvement and lowers the risk of surgical mistakes. Patients who do not share a facility may have similar conditions, therefore the machine simulation will produce a lot of data that will eventually be deleted. The repair and replacement of machine parts that are likely to break down during loading will be accomplished by this simultaneous modification. E-waste is those wasted components. This causes convergence and is a significant issue for many nations.
- Research’s main aims and objectives The purpose of this study project is to investigate the possible benefits and drawbacks of applying robots in surgery. The main goal of this research is to create an automatic surgery robot that could do the surgery instead of humans so fewer mistakes can be made. This will come in handy when there is a big accident or catastrophe or when there is no surgeon at that moment. Objectives:
- Understand what is robots/robotics as well as surgery
- How can robots affect the environment
- Describing the state of robotic technology at the moment and how it can be used in surgery
- The benefits and drawbacks of employing robots in surgery
- Scope and limitations The robot will be limited to small, easy, and fast surgery. The hospital must have the robotic engineer check the robot regularly because it is an automatic device so there maybe have many problems such as a malfunctioning arm or blood getting into some parts. This is also very important since it will affect the outcome of the surgeries.
Figure 1. Primary research vs secondary research For instance, a company that is ready to release a new model of the mobile phone needs to do some study on the design and functionality of the device. Companies can perform primary research using a qualified sample of respondents who closely reflects the public to learn about their viewpoints. Based on this data, the company may now come up with potential solutions to adjust the functions and appearance of mobile phones as needed.
- Qualitative vs Quantitative
- Quantitative data: Numbers are used to conveying quantitative data, which are measures of values or counts. Numerical variables are the subject of quantitative data (e.g. how many; how much; or how often).
- Qualitative data: Qualitative data can be represented by a name, symbol, or number code and are measurements of "types." Data concerning categorical variables make up qualitative data (e.g. what type).
- A categorical variable's data will always be qualitative, while a numeric variable's data will always be quantitative. As a result, based on whether the variable is numerical or categorical, you may determine the kind of data before it is collected.
- How can you use quantitative and qualitative data? Well, the statistics that may be created depending on whether the data are quantitative or qualitative, thus it is crucial to determine this.
- Frequency count: For a data item (variable), the frequency of observations can be displayed for both quantitative and qualitative data. The graphs below display the frequency distribution of the data by arranging the quantitative and qualitative data. Figure 2. Quantitative data
- Record and analyze the data you obtain from the experiment
- Determine whether you accept or reject the hypothesis
- Conclude and report the results of the experiment
- Research processes Steps of the research process Step one: Define the research problem There are two types of research problems:
- Research problem relates to the status of nature
- Research problem between variables Essentially, two steps are involved in defining the research problem:
- Understanding the problem thoroughly
- Rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from a point of view. Step two: Review of literature Once the issue has been identified, a succinct summary should be recorded. A research assistant preparing a Ph.D. thesis is required to create a subject outline and submit it to the appropriate committee or the research board for approval. Step three: Formulate a Hypothesis A preliminary assumption is called a hypothesis, and it is used to explore and evaluate the logical or empirical implications. Because it has to be tested, a hypothesis should be highly narrow and restricted to the current research project. The purpose of the hypothesis is to direct the researcher by defining the scope of the study and ensuring that he stays on the correct path. Step four: Preparing the Research Design
- The purpose of study design is to allow for the gathering of pertinent data with the least amount of effort, time, and money.
- Four sorts of research goals may be made: (1) exploration; (2) description; (3) diagnosis; and (4) experimentation. Step five: Data Collection Primary data can be collected through the:
- Observation
- Through personal interview
- Through telephone interview
- Through the direct message
- Through survey
- By mailing questionnaires
- Through Schedules Step six: Analysis of Data The development of categories is one of several closely related tasks required for data analysis. This stage mostly comprises:
- Coding
- Editing
- Tabulation Step seven: Interpretation and report writing The researcher has to prepare their work. Writing of report includes:
- The preliminary pages
- The main test
- The end matter
- Population in research The total group of people a researcher is interested in is referred to as a population. A sample is a group of people chosen at random from a population who typically serve as a representation of that population in a research project. A Population's Connection with a Sample:
III. Secondary research
1. What are robots/robotics and what is surgery
a. Robot/Robotic definition Robotics is the fusion of science, engineering, and technology that creates devices referred to as robots, that mimic or take the place of human beings in activity. Robots have long been a source of fascination in popular culture; examples include R2-D2 in Starwars, Ultron in Avengers, and WALL-E in the movie which have the same name. These exaggerated, anthropomorphic representations of robots frequently seem to be parodies of the genuine thing. Figure 5. Robot Robotics is the study area devoted to creating robots and automation, whereas a robot is a programmed machine that can execute a task. Different robots have varying degrees of autonomy. These levels vary from totally autonomous bots that operate independently to bots that are controlled by humans and accomplish tasks. Robots are autonomously run machines that eliminate the need for human labor, even if they may not look like humans or carry out tasks in a human-like way. b. Surgery definition Surgery is a branch of medicine that focuses on using operating methods to examine and treat specific medical issues brought on by trauma or illness. Surgery may be performed for a variety of reasons, including to enhance physical appearance, improve body function, or fix broken or torn tissue.
2. History
a. Robots history According to Stanford (n.d) [1], George C. Devol, a Louisville, Kentucky-based inventor, built the first robots as we know them in the early 1950s. He created and received a patent for a manipulator that can be programmed, known as "Unimate" from "Universal Automation." He tried unsuccessfully for the following ten years to market his goods in the sector. Businessman/engineer Joseph Engleberger was able to develop Devol's robot invention into an industrial robot in the late 1960s. He then founded a firm named Unimation to manufacture and sell robots. Engleberger is referred to as "the Father of Robotics" in the business because of his efforts and accomplishments. New robot development has made significant advances in academia as well. Charles Rosen oversaw a research group that created a robot dubbed "Shakey" in 1958 at the Stanford Research Center. Compared to the original Unimate, which was created for specific, industrial applications, Shakey was far more sophisticated. Shakey was able to go around an unknown area, look about the room with his television "eyes," and, to a certain extent, react to his surroundings. Because of his shaky and clattering motions, he was given his name. b. Surgery history [2] The surgical procedure was practiced in about early 3000 BC but people still have not given it a specific name. Though that is the information there have not got any evidence until the beginning of 900AD, Al- Zahrwi, a famous surgeon from Islam, wrote books focusing on military surgery and ear, nose, throat, etc. further influencing Islamic and Western medical practitioners. In the 16th^ century, people have shifted from dissected animals to human dissection and which was performed by physicians and surgeons. In the 18th^ century, surgery was mainly used to treat war wounds. At that time, most knowledge that surgeons got was from apprenticeship and observation until the 1700s, when surgical study landed squarely within university training. In the late 1800s, the widespread use of anesthesia has bring more patients since they no longer had fear of pain in an operation. In the 20th^ century, Sterile working environments might be created utilizing techniques including boiling, autoclaving, and chemical antiseptics. This last change paved the way for improvements in interior surgery and the success of modern surgical techniques.
3. Technology
A robot has some consistent characteristics:
- Analyzing the ability of robots and the surgery procedure
- Develop human-like robots that can do simple surgery IV. Primary research
1. Population of research
Population: Student, teacher, and surgeon at Hanoi Medical University Sample size: For this study, there will be 20 people either students, teachers, or surgeons from Hanoi Medical University Sampling Method: For this study, I will use cluster sample because I will group students, teachers, and surgeons from Hanoi Medical University
2. Primary research method
Data collection is the initial step in performing primary research. As a result, I've chosen to employ a survey as the main research method in this study. To conduct a survey, you must create a series of quick, simple multiple-choice or multiple-choice questions and distribute them widely. To determine the importance of certain replies, additional statistical analyses on survey data may be carried out. In all circumstances, the numerical data acquired during a survey will be assessed to determine the answers to the research questions. Surveys are the best method for learning details about large groups of people since they can be extensively disseminated, and grouped, replies gathered quickly, and computations can be done. As a consequence, depending on how representative my sample is of the wider population I'm studying, I could start forming judgments.
3. Survey Form
I have created a poll to collect the opinion of 20 people at Hanoi Medical University after doing thorough research on this topic. This survey will have some short questions as well as rating questions to learn more about my project. For primary analysis for this project, I used Google Forms to create forms, collect data, and build charts. Direct URL to the survey: https://forms.gle/tqLadDwsZccKg5ZC
Figure 6. Survey questions (1/4)
Figure 8. Survey questions (3/4) Figure 9. Survey questions (4/4)
4. Analyze data in the survey form
Answer received:
Figure 10. Chart for ages First, we will look at the ages of the survey respondents. Based on the chart, the number of college students that are going to school makes up 60% of the population while the final year students, teachers, and surgeons took only 40%. Therefore, we will know that the survey respondent is more likely to have contact with new technology. Figure 11. Jobs of the people who answers Then we will look into the place those survey respondent study or work. Based on the response that I have right now, it is safe to say that besides those surgeons that already work at Hanoi Medical University, the teachers also
