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29 Anticonvulsants Questions latest upload, Exams of Nursing

Cheyney University of PennsylvaniaNursing

29 Anticonvulsants Questions latest upload

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 02/26/2026

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29 Anticonvulsants Questions latest upload
1. 1. When describing the anticonvulsants to a group of nursing
students, the instructor describes which of the following as acting to
stabilize the hyperex- citability postsynaptically in the motor cortex of the
brain? Select all that apply.
A)Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
B) Phenytoin (Dilantin)
C)Valproic acid (Depakote)
D) Ethotoin (Peganone).
E)
Topiramate (Topamax): Ans: B,
D
Feedback:
Hydantoins, like phenytoin (Dilantin) and ethotoin (Peganone), exert their ettect by stabilizing the
hyperexcitability postsynaptically in the motor cortex of the brain. Ethosuximide depresses the motor
cortex, valproic acid increases levels of GABA to stabilize the cell membranes, and topiramate blocks
seizure activity instead of raising the threshold.
2. After reviewing information about anticonvulsants, a nursing student
demon- strates understanding of this group of drugs, identifying which of
the following as acting to elevate the seizure threshold by decreasing
postsynaptic excita- tion? Select all that apply.
A)Clonazepam (Klonopin)
B) Valproic acid (Depakote)
C)Gabapentin (Neurontin)
D) Lorazepam (Ativan)
E)
Trimethadione (Tridione): Ans:
A, D
Feedback:
Benzodiazepines (clonazepam and lorazepam) exert their ettect by elevating the seizure threshold by
decreasing postsynaptic excitation. Valproic acid increases the levels of GABA, gabapentin is a GABA
agonist, and trimethadione decreases the repetitive synaptic transmission of nerve impulses.
3. A nurse understands that lorazepam (Ativan) is the drug of choice for
treating status epilepticus but that its effects last for less than 1 hour. The
nurse would expect which of the following to be prescribed along with
lorazepam (Ativan) during status epilepticus? Select all that apply.
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29 Anticonvulsants Questions latest upload

    1. When describing the anticonvulsants to a group of nursing students, the instructor describes which of the following as acting to stabilize the hyperex- citability postsynaptically in the motor cortex of the brain? Select all that apply. A) Ethosuximide (Zarontin) B) Phenytoin (Dilantin) C)Valproic acid (Depakote) D) Ethotoin (Peganone). E)Topiramate (Topamax): Ans: B, D Feedback: Hydantoins, like phenytoin (Dilantin) and ethotoin (Peganone), exert their ettect by stabilizing the hyperexcitability postsynaptically in the motor cortex of the brain. Ethosuximide depresses the motor cortex, valproic acid increases levels of GABA to stabilize the cell membranes, and topiramate blocks seizure activity instead of raising the threshold.
  2. After reviewing information about anticonvulsants, a nursing student demon- strates understanding of this group of drugs, identifying which of the following as acting to elevate the seizure threshold by decreasing postsynaptic excita- tion? Select all that apply. A) Clonazepam (Klonopin) B) Valproic acid (Depakote) C)Gabapentin (Neurontin) D) Lorazepam (Ativan) E)Trimethadione (Tridione): Ans: A, D Feedback: Benzodiazepines (clonazepam and lorazepam) exert their ettect by elevating the seizure threshold by decreasing postsynaptic excitation. Valproic acid increases the levels of GABA, gabapentin is a GABA agonist, and trimethadione decreases the repetitive synaptic transmission of nerve impulses.
  3. A nurse understands that lorazepam (Ativan) is the drug of choice for treating status epilepticus but that its effects last for less than 1 hour. The nurse would expect which of the following to be prescribed along with lorazepam (Ativan) during status epilepticus? Select all that apply.

A) Ethosuximide (Zarontin) B) Phenytoin (Dilantin) C)Ethotoin (Peganone) D) Zonisamide (Zonegran): Ans: B Feedback: Due to the short ettects of lorazepam (Ativan), a longer-acting anticonvulsant, such as phenytoin (Dilantin), is given to continue control of seizure activity.

  1. When reviewing the client's medical record, the nurse understands that which of the following if found would contraindicate administering phenytoin (Dilan- tin) to a client? Select all that apply. A) Pregnancy B) Sinus bradycardia C)Hepatic disease D) Diabetes E)Atrial fibrillation: Ans: A, B Feedback: The use of phenytoin is contraindicated in clients with known hypersensitivity to the drug, sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, Adam-Stokes syndrome, and second- and third-degree atrioventricular block and in clients who are pregnant or lactating.
  2. A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin to a client. The nurse under- stands the need to administer this drug cautiously if the client has a history of which of the following? Select all that apply. A) Hyperthyroidism B) Hypotension C)Diabetes D) Asthma E)Hepatic impairment: Ans: B, E Feedback: Phenytoin (Dilantin) is used cautiously in clients with hypotension, severe myocardial insuflciency, and hepatic impairment.
  3. A nurse administering valproic acid to a client should monitor the client for increased effects of valproic acid when which of the following medications are initiated? Select all that apply. A) Cimetidine (Tagamet) B) Amitriptyline (Elavil)

D) Dry mouth E)Sore throat: Ans: A, B, C, E Feedback: A nurse monitoring a client taking trimethadione should notify the primary health care provider if visual disturbances, excessive drowsiness or dizziness, sore throat, fever, skin rash, pregnancy, malaise, easy bruising, epistaxis, or bleeding is observed.

  1. After teaching a client and family about prescribed phenytoin therapy, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when they identify that which of the following should be reported to the primary health care provider as possibly indicating toxicity? Select all that apply. A) Ataxia B) Nystagmus C)Slurred speech D) Lethargy E)Diplopia: Ans: A, C, D Feedback: Signs suggesting phenytoin toxicity that need to be reported include slurred speech, ataxia, lethargy, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
  2. When developing the teaching plan for a client receiving ethosuximide (Zarontin), the nurse would include instructions to notify the primary health care provider if which of the following occur? Select all that apply. A) Ataxia B) Blurred vision C)Slurred speech D) Joint pain E)Bruising: Ans: B, D, E Feedback: A nurse educating a client and family about ethosuximide (Zarontin) should tell them to notify the physician if skin rash, joint pain, unexplained fever, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, drowsiness, blurred vision, or pregnancy occurs.
  3. A nurse is assessing a client's seizure activity. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply. A) Description of seizures B) Seizure frequency

C)Average length of seizures D) Description of aura E)Description of the degree of impairment: Ans: A, B, C, D, E Feedback: The nurse's general assessment of seizure activity should include the following: description of seizures, seizure frequency, average length of seizures, description of aura, description of the degree of impairment, and description of what appears to bring on the seizure.

  1. A nurse should monitor a client closely for increased CNS depressant effects when an anticonvulsant is used concomitantly with which of the following? Select all that apply. A) Analgesics B) Oral contraceptives C)Alcohol D) Antibiotics E)Antidiabetic medications: Ans: A, C Feedback: The concomitant use of anticonvulsants and analgesics or alcohol can result in increased CNS depressant ettects.
  2. The nurse is assessing a client who is receiving felbamate. The nurse sus- pects that the client may be developing pancytopenia based on which assess- ment finding? Select all that apply. A) Gingival hyperplasia B) Sore throat C)Epistaxis D) Skin rash E)Bruising: Ans: B, C, E Feedback: Signs of pancytopenia include sore throat, fever, general malaise, bleeding of the mucous membranes, epistaxis (bleeding from the nose), and easy bruising. Gingival hyperplasia and skin rash are examples of adverse reactions, but these are not associated with pancytopenia.
  3. A client is prescribed phenytoin daily for seizures. The nurse teaches the client about the importance of adhering to the dosage schedule based on the understanding that which of the following may occur if a single dose is missed? A) CNS depression

D) Avoiding carbonated drinks during therapy: Ans: A Feedback: The nurse should suggest avoiding exposure to ultraviolet light in the teaching plan of the client on oxazolidinedione therapy because of the risk for photosensitivity. The nurse need not include taking the drug 2 hours after a meal, taking the drug with milk, or avoiding carbonated drinks.

  1. An older adult client is prescribed diazepam for seizure control. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to monitor? A) Respiratory rate and depth B) Blood glucose levels C)Swallowing ability D) Speech quality: Ans: A Feedback: Apnea and cardiac arrest can occur when diazepam is administered to older adults, very ill patients, and individuals with limited pulmonary reserve. Therefore, monitoring the client's respiratory rate and depth would be most important. There is no need to monitor the client's blood glucose levels, swallowing ability, or speech quality unless these were issues before this drug therapy was initiated.
  2. A client with partial seizures has been prescribed a succinimide anticonvul- sant. The client complains of GI upset after taking the drug. The nurse would suggest taking the drug in which manner? A) Daily at bedtime B) Immediately before eating a meal C)With some food or milk D) First thing in the morning on arising: Ans: C Feedback: If the client experiences GI upset after succinimide administration, the nurse should instruct the client to take the drug with food or milk. The nurse need not instruct the client to take the drug once only at bedtime, before meals, or immediately on arising in the morning.
  3. A nurse is caring for a client with seizure disorders who is admitted to the health care facility. The client is prescribed phenytoin. During therapy, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to include in the ongoing assessment?? A) Check the client's temperature every 3 to 4 hours. B) Obtain serum plasma drug levels regularly. C)Assess the client's respiratory rate.

D) Evaluate the client's pulse rate and rhythm.: Ans: B Feedback: Although vital signs such as temperature, pulse rate and rhythm, and respiratory rate are commonly assessed routinely, it would be most important for the nurse to obtain serum plasma drug levels to evaluate the ettectiveness of the therapy and also to prevent possible toxicity. Unless the client's vital signs are not within normal parameters, the nurse would monitor them based on the facility's policy.

  1. A primary health care provider prescribes phenytoin to be administered parenterally to a client with a seizure disorder. The nurse prepares the drug to be given by which method? A) Intradermally B) Subcutaneously C)Intramuscularly D) Intravenously: Ans: D Feedback: Phenytoin can be administered orally and parenterally. If the drug is administered parenterally, the intravenous (IV) route is preferred over the intramuscular (IM) route, because with the IM route erratic absorption of phenytoin causes pain and muscle damage at the injection site. The drug is not administered intradermally or subcutaneously.
  2. The primary health care provider prescribes diazepam 10 mg IV to be admin- istered to a client to control his seizures. The nurse would administer this drug over which time frame? A) 1 minute B) 2 minutes C) 5 minutes D) 10 minutes: Ans: B Feedback: When used to control seizures, diazepam is administered IV pushed slowly as close as possible to the IV site, allowing at least 1 minute for each 5 mg of drug. For a dosage of 10 mg, the nurse would administer the drug over 2 minutes.
  3. Assessment of a client receiving anticonvulsant therapy reveals the follow- ing: sore throat, chills, fever, gingival bleeding, and bruising. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse most likely identify? A) Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity B) Impaired Oral Mucous Membranes C)Risk for Injury