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Pathophysiology Final Exam latest upload, Exams of Pathophysiology

Cheyney University of PennsylvaniaPathophysiology

Pathophysiology Final Exam latest upload

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 02/12/2026

tizian-mwangi
tizian-mwangi 🇺🇸

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Pathophysiology Final Exam latest upload
1.
What
is
allergic
asthma
associated
with?:
Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE
mediated
2.
What are the S&S of ARDS?: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli
close), Dyspnea,
Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance,
Hypoxemia
3.
What
are
the
S&S
of
tension
pneumothorax?:
Pressure that builds up and pushes
the trachea
towards the unattected side; Absent breath sounds over attected lung
4.
What is cystic fibrosis?:
Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic
Disorder (Autosomal
Recessive)
5.
Changes with an asthma attack:: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea,
Tachypnea (rapid
breathing)
6.
How
do
you
interpret
ABG's?:
1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2.
Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3.
Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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Pathophysiology Final Exam latest upload

  1. What is allergic asthma associated with?: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE mediated
  2. What are the S&S of ARDS?: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (aveoli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung Compliance, Hypoxemia
  3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?: Pressure that builds up and pushes the trachea towards the unattected side; Absent breath sounds over attected lung
  4. What is cystic fibrosis?: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas; Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
  5. Changes with an asthma attack:: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dyspnea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
  6. How do you interpret ABG's?: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
  7. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
  8. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26 (alkalosis)

2 /

  1. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
  2. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
  3. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?: Elevation (increase) of pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
  4. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?: Depression (decrease) of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
  5. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?: Depression (decrease) of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
  6. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?: Elevation (increase) of HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
  7. What are signs of renal cancer?: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
  8. How do you manage end stage renal disease?: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction, Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supplements, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supple- ments/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
  9. What do you call kidney pain?: Nephralgia
  10. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?: Creatinine
  11. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?: E. coli
  12. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?: Hypovolemia -

4 /

  1. What do we see associated with SIADH?: Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles in Lungs, Hyper- tension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
  2. What causes myxedema coma?: Hypothyroidism
  3. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?: Impaired Glucose Transport
  4. What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?: Type I - Complete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia) Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
  5. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?: Decrease of Calcium (softer bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
  6. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?: Give Insulin
  7. What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes?: Diet, Exercise, Oral Antihyperglycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
  8. What are some complications of Diabetes?: Paresthesia, Neuropathy, Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
  9. What is Celiac Spruce? What should you avoid?: Gluten Intolerance Avoid Wheat Products: Wheat, Rye, Barley
  10. What do we associate with hepatic encephalopathy?: Increased

5 / Ammonia Levels

  1. How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer disease?: Acts of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and decreases the secretion of stomach acids
  2. What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disorders?: Chron's Disease Ulcerative Colitis
  3. Chron's Disease: Hardening of the smooth muscles - things aren't being absorbed.
  4. Ulcerative Colitis: Large ulcers form in mucosal layer of colon and rectum. Bloody Diarrhea (!)
  5. What are the major risk factors for patients developing peptic ulcer disease?- : Spicy Foods, Stress, NSAID medications, Glucocorticoids, Alcohol, H. pylori
  6. What are signs and symptoms of gastric ulcers?: Pain when swallowing (dysphagia), Epigastric pain (goes away if they eat food), Vomiting Bright Red Blood, Cottee Grain Colored Stool
  7. What are potential risk factors for breast cancer?: Early period & Late menopause, Late 1st pregnancy (after 30), Genetic history - especially if mom/sister has it
  8. What increases the risk for having candidiasis?: Oral or IV Antibiotics
  9. How are hepatitis A,B,C contracted?: A:

7 / Focal Seizure - attects 1 spot Generalized Seizure - all over the brain

  1. What are night terrors?: Attects children, causes fear that is diflcult to wake them up from. Fear is still persistent when awoken
  2. How do you determine how to treat a stroke?: Determine if its a Hemorrhagic or Ischemic Stroke
  3. What are the S&S of Parkinson's disease?: Pill Rolling, Shuffling Gait, Unintentional Tremors at Rest, Drooling
  4. What are the S&S of a right sided cerebral stroke?: Life Sided Weakness
  5. What causes Encephalitis?: West Nile Virus
  6. What are risk factors for hemorrhagic strokes?: Hypertension
  7. What kind of things will you see with fibro myalgia?: (18) Tender Spots, Pain w/o Inflammation, Fatigue
  8. What would you expect when a student comes in with S&S of a fever of 102, headache, and confusion?: Meningitis - very contagious!
  9. Do children have higher or lower thresholds for pain than adults?: Lower
  10. What happens to the brain signals in multiple sclerosis?: Slow

8 / Down

  1. What is one of the main complications with spinal cord injury patients, even years later after the injury?: Autonomic Dysreflexia
  2. What is a normal intracranial pressure?: 5 - 15 mmHg
  3. What will happen if a person has a intracranial pressure of 36?: Cranium Herniation
  4. What are S&S of spinal shock?: Loss of Reflexes Below Level of Injury, Disturbances of the Bowel and Bladder Function
  5. Somatic Pain: On the body - superficial, arising from the skin described as sharp, dull, aching, or throbbing
  6. Visceral Pain: Pain in the internal organs and lining of body cavities described as aching, gnawing, throbbing, intermittent
  7. A patient complains of pain, inflammation, pattern of detmatome?: Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
  8. What is gouty arthritis caused by?: Uric Acid
  9. What are the complications of fractures?: Infection, Improper Healing, Too Much Protein in the Blood, Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome
  10. What are the complications of compound (open) fractures?: Infection (open wound), Increased Bleeding, Muscle Damage, Emboli - Compartment Syndrome

10 /

  1. What is scleroderma?: Hardening of the Skin
  2. What is the 1st priority in caring for a burn patient?: Save the Airway
    • keep it open!
  3. Why do we get atopic dermatitis or eczema?: Allergic Reaction to the Skin
  4. What causes skin ulcers?: Pressure, Shearing Force/Friction, Moisture
  5. What are melanocytes?: Pigmented Skin
  6. What is the treatment of choice with major burn injury?: Skin Graphing
  7. What type of shock do burn victims go into?: Hypovolemic Shock - sudden loss of fluid
  8. What is impetigo?: Crusty Infection due to Bacteria
  9. What is the aim of burn wound management?: Infection Control
  10. Autonomic Dysreflexia: Medical Emergency caused by simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (bowel or bladder distension pain or a pressure ulcer)
  11. What are S&S of Autonomic Dysreflexia?: Hypertension, Bradycardia, Severe Headaches, Pallor below and Flushing above the cord lesions, Convulsions
  12. What are the normal ranges for pH, HCO3, and CO2?: pH: 7.

11 / (acid) - 7.45 (base) HCO3: 22 (acid) - 26 (base) CO2: 35 (base) - 45 (acid)

  1. What is the major s&s that differentiates meningitis from encephalitis?: Severe pain when moving the neck (extension/flexion) due to Inflamed Meninges
  2. What are the s&s of Vertigo?: Loss of balance, Nystagmus (Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes)
  3. How are eyes damaged in Diabetes?: Hypertension causes hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
  4. What are the s&s of compartment syndrome?: Pallor, Pain, No Pulse, Paresthesia, Paresis (slight/partial paralysis)
  5. How do you treat compartment syndrome?: Make cuts to relieve the pressure
  6. What are the different types of skin cancer?: Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, kaposi sarcome
  7. What are the s&s of scleroderma?: Decreased skin turgour, hard skin, hypopigmented skin, taut, shiny, diflculty moving fingers/joints
  8. What is the main difference between viral pneumonia and bacterial pneu- monia?: Viral- Dry Cough