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ABA503 - CHAPTER 3 REFLEXIVE BEHAVIOR
AND RESPONDENT CONDITIONING | LATEST
EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2025
Reaction chain - correct-answer- A phylogenic sequence of behavior. An environmental stimulus sets off behavior that produces stimuli that set off the next set of response in the sequences; these behaviors produce the next set of stimuli and so on. Reflex - correct-answer- When an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response (US - > UR), the relationship is called a reflex. Respondent - correct-answer- Behavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus (CS) that precedes the conditioned response (CR). The presentation of the CS regulates or controls the CR. CR reliably occurs when the CS is presented. Notation: CS-> CR.
Respondent Acquisition - correct-answer- The procedure of pairing the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus over trials when respondent level for the CS is near zero. Also, refers to the increase in magnitude of the conditioned response when respondent level for the CS is near zero. Respondent Conditioning - correct-answer- Occurs when an organism responds to a new event based on a history of pairing with a biologically important stimulus. Pavlov and salivating dogs. When a conditioned stimulus comes to regulate the occurrence of a conditioned response. Respondent Discrimination - correct-answer- This occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to one stimulus but not to other similar events. Respondent Extinction - correct-answer- This procedure involves the presentation of the CS without the US Respondent Extinction after conditioning has occurred.
Delayed Conditioning - correct-answer- A respondent conditioning procedure Delayed Conditioning in which the CS is presented a few seconds before the US occurs. Elicited - correct-answer- Respondent (CR) or reflexive (UR) behavior is said to be elicited in the sense that it is forced by the presentation of a stimulus (CS or US). Fixed action pattern - correct-answer- An ethological term for a sequence of responses, usually but not necessarily produced by a releaser, the consistent patterning of which cannot be attributed to the operation of an operant chain. Generalization Gradient - correct-answer- (respondent). Generalization occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to values of the CS that were not trained during acquisition. A, generalization gradient is the function (graph) that relates stimulus values to a measure of response strength. (OPERANT) Generalization occurs when an organism responds to values of the SD (or fewer responses to the Sd) that were not trained during
acquisition. A generalization gradient is the function (graph) that relates stimulus values to a measure of response strength Habituation - correct-answer- When an US repeatedly elicits an UR. The request presentation of the US produces gradual decline in the magnitude of the UR. When the UR is repeatedly elicited it may eventually fail to occur at all. Homeostasis - correct-answer- Walter Cannon coined word in 1932 as the tendency of a system to remain stable and to resist change. Law of Intensity-Magnitude - correct-answer- As the intensity of a US increases, so does the magnitude or size of the unconditioned response Law of latency - correct-answer- As the intensity of the US increases, the latency (time to onset) of the UR decreases.
These laws govern the unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response relationship. Respondent Generalization - correct-answer- This occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to values of the CS that have not been trained. Respondent level - correct-answer- The magnitude of the CR before any conditioning has taken place. Second-order conditioning - correct-answer- Involves the pairing of two CSs (CSI + CS2), rather than the pairing of a CS and US (CS + US) So pairing a NS with a CS rather than a NS with a US Simultaneous Conditioning - correct-answer- A respondent conditioning procedure in which the CS and US are presented at the same moment. Produces weaker conditioned responses than delayed conditioning.
Spontaneous Recovery - correct-answer- (operant)—after a period of extinction, an organisms rate of response may be close to operant level. After some time, the organism is again placed in the setting and extinction is continued. Responding initially recovers, but over repeated sessions of extinction the amount of recovery decreases. Repeated sessions of extinction eliminate stimulus control by extraneous features of the situation and eventually "being placed in the setting" no longer occasions the operant. (respondent)—an increase in the magnitude of the conditioned response after respondent extinction has occurred and time has passed. A behavioral analysis of spontaneous recovery suggests that the relation between conditioned and CR is weakened by extinction by extinction , but the context or features of the situation elicit some level of the CR. During respondent conditioning, many stimuli not specified by the researcher as the CS , but present in the experimental situation, come to regulate behavior. Tolerance - correct-answer- When more of a drug is needed to obtain the same effects we talk about drug tolerance. In respondent conditioning, the counteractive effects to conditioned stimuli are major components of drug tolerance Trace Conditioning - correct-answer- A respondent conditioning procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is presented for a brief
