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ABCTE PTK- Effective Instructional Delivery Study Guide (3).pdf, Exams of Nursing

Aston UniversityNursing

ABCTE PTK- Effective Instructional Delivery Study Guide (3).pdf

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 05/04/2026

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lazarus-njoki 🇬🇧

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ABCTE PTK- Effective Instructional
Delivery Study Guide
Indirect Instruction - ✔ student-centered and interactive; teachers facilitate small-group
& cooperative learning
Indirect instruction aids with teaching... - ✔ abstraction, concepts, patterns, inquiry,
problem-solving and discovery learning
Direct Instruction - ✔ teacher-centered; teachers give explicit, structured instruction
using lesson plans
Direct instruction aids with teaching... - ✔ facts, rules, & sequences; breaking down
textbook or workbook material; lower Bloom's Taxonomy; & gaining student interest
What essential cognitive process do many students fail to do before beginning activities,
and why is this step important? - ✔ Planning; Planning is important because students
use working memory to rehearse information in short-term memory and prompt the
move into long-term memory for retention
Deductive Learning - ✔ 1. Overall concept or rule presented.
2. Students work with examples to apply concept or rule.
(rule --> examples)
Inductive Learning - ✔ 1. Students study examples of content.
2. Students make generalizations, leading to an understanding of the rule
(examples --> rule)
Deductive Reasoning - ✔ top-down, general-to-specific process; beginning from a
general theory --> narrowing down to a more specific hypothesis --> testing --> drawing
specific conclusions; moving from generalizing (or rule) to specific examples or activities
Inductive Reasoning - ✔ bottom-up, specific-to-general process; beginning from
accumulating specific info --> identifying principles --> drawing conclusions or general
principles; moving from specific examples to generalizing (or a rule)
How can teachers structure class logically? - ✔ 1. Present problems, then solutions.
2. Frame topics as stories.
3. Chronologically recount processes & events
3. Show interconnected ideas' relationships to overarching themes.
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ABCTE PTK- Effective Instructional

Delivery Study Guide

Indirect Instruction - ✔ student-centered and interactive; teachers facilitate small-group & cooperative learning Indirect instruction aids with teaching... - ✔ abstraction, concepts, patterns, inquiry, problem-solving and discovery learning Direct Instruction - ✔ teacher-centered; teachers give explicit, structured instruction using lesson plans Direct instruction aids with teaching... - ✔ facts, rules, & sequences; breaking down textbook or workbook material; lower Bloom's Taxonomy; & gaining student interest What essential cognitive process do many students fail to do before beginning activities, and why is this step important? - ✔ Planning; Planning is important because students use working memory to rehearse information in short-term memory and prompt the move into long-term memory for retention Deductive Learning - ✔ 1. Overall concept or rule presented.

  1. Students work with examples to apply concept or rule. (rule --> examples) Inductive Learning - ✔ 1. Students study examples of content.
  2. Students make generalizations, leading to an understanding of the rule (examples --> rule) Deductive Reasoning - ✔ top-down, general-to-specific process; beginning from a general theory --> narrowing down to a more specific hypothesis --> testing --> drawing specific conclusions; moving from generalizing (or rule) to specific examples or activities Inductive Reasoning - ✔ bottom-up, specific-to-general process; beginning from accumulating specific info --> identifying principles --> drawing conclusions or general principles; moving from specific examples to generalizing (or a rule) How can teachers structure class logically? - ✔ 1. Present problems, then solutions.
  3. Frame topics as stories.
  4. Chronologically recount processes & events
  5. Show interconnected ideas' relationships to overarching themes.
  1. Share outlines.
  2. Transition between topics using mini summaries, connections or verbal signals What are some methods to aid in student comprehension & emphasize importance? - ✔ 1. Repeat key concepts & ideas.
  3. Compare & Contrast
  4. Summarize
  5. Use analogies & metaphors. List some methods to stimulate student interest in new material. - ✔ 1. Anecdotes
  6. Examples
  7. Connect topics to prior knowledge, experiences, interests, values, & utility How can listeners demonstrate active listening? - ✔ 1. Use verbal & nonverbal signals
  8. Ask questions to clarify
  9. Restate main points for speaker to confirm or correct. What are the 6 levels of Bloom's Taxonomy? - ✔ 1. Knowledge
  10. Comprehension
  11. Application
  12. Analysis
  13. Synthesis
  14. Evaluation Bloom's Level: Evaluation - ✔ ability to judge value of material (statement, novel, poem, research report) for a given purpose Bloom's Level: Synthesis - ✔ ability to put parts together to form a new whole; may include: production of unique theme or speech, plan of operations (such as a research proposal) Bloom's Level: Analysis - ✔ ability to break down material into its component parts so its organizational structure may be understood; may include identification of parts, analysis of relationships between parts & recognition of principles involved Bloom's Level: Application - ✔ ability to use learned material in new & concrete situations; may include application of rules, methods, concepts, principles, laws & theories Bloom's Level: Comprehension - ✔ ability to grasp meaning of material; can be shown by: translating material from one form to another, explaining or summarizing, & predicting consequences or effects Bloom's Level: Knowledge - ✔ remembering of previously learned material (recall of material)

Divergent Thinking - ✔ generating concepts, ideas, facts, & information that differ (or diverge) to yield varying answers Creative Thinking - ✔ generating original ideas, coming up with problem-solving alternatives that differ from usual solutions; DIVERGENT thinking Critical Thinking - ✔ ability to question, evaluate & judge information or material (i.e. distinguish fact from fiction, look for evidence, judge quality of information, etc.) Problem solving involves what 4 steps? - ✔ 1. Identifying a problem.

  1. Generating alternative solutions.
  2. Testing these through implementation.
  3. Evaluating their effectiveness. What 3 things are required for successful problem solving? - ✔ 1. Focus for problem identification.
  4. Divergent thinking to generate alternatives.
  5. Critical thinking to evaluate results. What are some benefits of student planning before a project? - ✔ Students are able to organize structure, devote equal or appropriately weighted duration to different parts, stay on schedule & complete them within prescribed time-frames What is the purpose of assigning independent study methods? - ✔ Independent study develops initiative, self-determination, self-reliance, self-direction & self-improvement in individual students. What are some advantages of independent study activities? - ✔ 1. Students have more choices over learning materials, topics, approaches, practices, and more autonomy in completing assignments.
  6. Flexibility- can be used with one student or small groups; combine it with other strategies, or make it the main whole-class instructional strategies
  7. Free teaching time What are some examples of independent study activities & methods? - ✔ doing homework, writing reports or essays, learning contracts, correspondence courses & lessons, computer-assisted instruction, research projects, learning activity packages, assigned questions, & learning centers Experiential Learning - ✔ student-centered, activity-oriented instructional strategy where students use inductive reasoning to discover information & insights ("hands-on" learning)

What are some critical components of effective experiential learning? - ✔ formulating plans to apply learning to other contexts & reflecting personally about learning experiences When is student comprehension and retention higher: through experiential learning, passive activities or receptive activities? - ✔ experiential learning What are some examples of experiential learning? - ✔ administering surveys, building models, taking field trips, making field observations, conducting simulations, playing games, role-playing, focused imaging, & conducting experiments The scientific method is an example of which type of learning? - ✔ experiential learning Interactive Instruction - ✔ teaching strategy that enables a range of different interactive methods & ways of grouping students; places a major emphasis on having students exchange ideas & work together What are some examples of interactive instruction? - ✔ 1. debates

  1. student panels, role-playing exercises (also used in experiential learning)
  2. discussion (feature of indirect instruction)
  3. practicing academic skills & tasks with peers
  4. cooperative learning groups
  5. lab groups (also experimental & experiential learning)
  6. circle of knowledge group
  7. tutorial groups (including peer tutoring)
  8. conducting interviews with peers What items should always be included in an effective lesson plan? - ✔ 1. Learning Objectives
  9. Student Activities (including estimates of times & materials needed)
  10. Alternative Plans for any Absent Students
  11. Assessments (including tests, homework & classwork) How can a teacher prepare for unexpected leftover time at the end of a period? - ✔ Create mini-lessons, including reviews of the day's material What are 2 reasons for continuous charting & monitoring of student progress? - ✔ 1. Gives teachers information on student progress with short-term, discrete objectives (allows for immediate feedback, and when necessary, immediate reteaching)
  12. Gives students visual depictions of their learning. How can the use of continuous charting & monitoring help a teacher in the classroom? - ✔ serves as ongoing evaluation with immediate feedback; can be used as a communication mechanism with parents, other teachers, administrators & students; can serve as an instructional planning guide

  1. Introduce key terms & concepts before proceeding.

  2. Focus attention on important information using questions.

  3. Give frequent feedback, including clarifying or correcting incorrect responses. What should a teacher do when conducting a task analysis of a new skill to be taught? - ✔ 1. Identify the specific skill.

  4. Identify the prerequisite knowledge & skills necessary to learn the new skill.

  5. Determine student readiness with prerequisites. Why should teachers design lessons that specifically teach thinking & learning strategies? - ✔ help students develop critical & creative thinking & learning skills What strategies can teachers use to encourage reflection & making sense of new information? - ✔ have students write or discuss in their own words how to integrate new information with their existing ideas, approaches & opinions How can teachers help develop self-confidence in students? - ✔ Teachers should model self-confidence in thinking & reasoning processes. How can teachers incorporate individualized options in lesson plans? - ✔ assignment choices, modalities for multiple intelligences, varying instruction & application sequences What are the benefits of warm-up activities? - ✔ ensure class begins as the students enter the room & makes the most of instructional time; minimize student disruption problems because these activities increase structured instructional time What is the maximum length of time teachers should devote to lectures? - ✔ 15 - 20 minutes Demonstrations - ✔ teachers show students a technique, process or procedure What are the advantages of a teacher demonstration? - ✔ increase the likelihood that students will be able to perform the function with minimal assistance What are the advantages of using a worksheet? - ✔ easy to use & typically come with publishing materials as a supporting piece of instruction; flexible (can be used individually or in groups); easy to score; students are generally engaged when completing worksheets Gallery Walk - ✔ students move around the room in an organized fashion to observe, analyze & evaluate instructional items that have been placed around the room Graphic Organizers - ✔ organizational tool

Venn Diagrams - ✔ overlapping circles that represent a relationship between two or more items, with one circle representing each item; overlapping circles represent similarities, while areas that do not overlap represent differences Quadrants - ✔ four boxes with a space in the middle for a new term; boxes represent: text definition, student definition (in own words), illustration, & how to use the term Which graphic organizer is useful when defining new concepts or vocabulary terms? - ✔ Quadrants Frayer Models - ✔ four boxes with space in the middle; boxes represent: essential characteristics, non-characteristics, examples & non-examples Concept Mapping - ✔ graphical representations that provide insight into relationships among different concepts Concept Attainment - ✔ students use critical thinking to determine examples & non- examples as they relate to a certain group or category KWL - ✔ K: Know (what students know) W: Want (what they want to know) L: Learned (what was learned as a result of the lesson) Recall Questions - ✔ factual questions with one correct answer; requires knowledge & comprehension Open-Ended Questions - ✔ have multiple answers which allows for more student responses & expand student participation; generally used as a starting point for group discussion Probing Questions - ✔ promotes thoughtful inquiry; based on student responses & requires students to go beyond first answers Guiding Questions - ✔ guide student thinking by channeling the students' though patterns to a desired curricular outcome & cues students' responses; helps maintain momentum of lesson Examples of Recall or Factual Questions - ✔ Who, what, when...? Examples of Classifying Questions - ✔ What characteristics do these items have in common? How might these items be organized into categories? Examples of Evaluation Questions - ✔ How will you know if the answer is correct? What criteria should we use to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment?

Reciprocal Teaching: Predicting - ✔ students synthesize events in the passage & predict the outcome or what might happen in a similar situation in the future SQ3R - ✔ reading technique; survey, question, read, recite, review SQ4R - ✔ reading technique; survey, question, read, relate, recite, review Flexible Grouping - ✔ method for instruction differentiation based on achievement levels of students (i.e. remedial group & enrichment group, but both are responsible for same curricular topics) Nominal Brainstorming - ✔ all students must respond during the brainstorming session before providing a second response Think-Pair-Share - ✔ Think (students compose an individual response to a question); Pair (students are assigned to another student to share, discuss & combine answers); Share (present response to entire class) Cooperative Learning - ✔ students work together to complete an assignment or project Guided Discussions - ✔ type of group discussion; teachers facilitate by asking thoughtful questions that lead students to a defined curricular point; requires students to interpret, describe, generalize, synthesize &/or summarize their prior knowledge Reflective Discussions - ✔ type of group discussion; asks students to think creatively & critically; teachers ask an introductory question on a contemporary &/or controversial topic; requires students to formulate their opinions on the topic & support them with facts from prior knowledge Learning Centers - ✔ students rotate through centers to get a variety of ways to interact with curriculum Jigsaw - ✔ class is broken into small groups, with each group focusing on a specific topic to become experts; groups are then redistributed with each group containing an expert from a different group to share knowledge with everyone RAFT - ✔ teachers select an overall topic, & then works with students to define Role, Audience, & Format, so students can demonstrate understanding of a topic Portfolio - ✔ collection of student work that demonstrates their level of achievement & progress over time What are some tips for differentiating a lesson? - ✔ - Summary activities are independent curricular-based projects that students can personalize.

  • Allow students to complete a hands-on project that targets a curricular topic or process.
  • Provide authentic situations, so students can understand how concepts work in a real- world setting.
  • Use learning centers.
  • Include flexible grouping. "Carousel Questions" - ✔ teacher writes several questions about a content topic on large posters, students circulate among questions sets & add ideas, responses or answers not already included; class shares all student responses, gaining multiple answers to questions Case Studies - ✔ students are given real-world stories about things that happened to an individual or group, then apply their content knowledge & skills to authentic situations Critical Explanations - ✔ teachers ask students to consider reasons or factors that might explain some content-related issues or problems Discussion Webs - ✔ students consider a content-related issue or problem in small groups, then regroup & share their work & info with classmates from other groups Field Studies - ✔ students learn about & study issues in their community related to the content they are learning Examples of Field Studies - ✔ Health Classes might study community nutrition, disease, or consumer health; Earth Science might collect rock samples, identify them & determine local distribution patterns; Social Studies might study local landmarks & associated history What does SWOT stand for? - ✔ Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats; related to career counseling with high school students What are the six procedural steps for direct instruction? - ✔ 1. Introduction & Review
  1. Development: Model the skill or knowledge that students will need to demonstrate.
  2. Guided Practice
  3. Closure
  4. Independent Practice
  5. Evaluation What is the purpose of rhetorical questions? - ✔ to reinforce or emphasize statements & ideas Closed questions ____________, while open questions promote __________. - ✔ Closed questions check & focus thinking, while open questions promote student discussion & interaction.