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A comprehensive guide to acsm (american college of sports medicine) exercise programming recommendations. It covers cardiovascular, resistance, and flexibility training guidelines for adults, children, and adolescents. It also details energy expenditure recommendations and physiological changes during warm-up and cool-down. Furthermore, the document outlines modifications of exercise programs for individuals with specific conditions such as osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, pregnancy, and arthritis, as well as considerations for older adults. It also includes a list of high-risk exercises and alternate exercises. This guide is useful for students and professionals in exercise science, physical therapy, and related fields, offering a structured approach to exercise prescription and adaptation for diverse populations and health conditions.
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Cardiovascular Training Recommendations ✔Ans - Adults should engage in moderate intensity physical activities for at least 30 minutes on 5 or more days of the week. Adults should engage in vigorous intensity physical activities for at least 20 minutes on 3 or more days of the week Children and adolescents should participate in at least 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week, preferably daily Resistance Training Recommendations ✔Ans - Adults should participate in resistance training 2-3 times per week, performing a minimum of 8-10 different exercises, 3- repetitions, and 1-3 sets that train all major muscle groups. Flexibility Training Recommendations ✔Ans - Recommendations state that stretching be preceded by a warm- up and be performed a minimum of 2-3 days per week, ideally 5- 7 days per week, stretching to the point of tightness at the end of the range of motion and holding each stretch for 15-30 seconds with 2-4 repetitions for each stretch. Energy Expenditure Recommendations ✔Ans - ACSM recommends a target range of 150-400 kcal of energy expenditure per day. The lower end of this range (1,000 kcal/week) is associated with a significant health benefit. The upper end of this range (2,000 kcal/week) has been shown to be successful for short and long term weight control as well as for primary and secondary prevention of chronic disease.
Physiological Changes During Warm-Up ✔Ans - 1. Increased muscle temperature
Decreased intensity Avoid valsalva maneuvers such as holding the breath Modifications of Exercise for Children and Adolescents ✔Ans - Children ages 5-12 should:
Modifications of Exercise for Arthritis ✔Ans - Aerobic Training: Mode: Walking, cycling, and especially aquatic exercises are preferred. Frequency: 3-5 days/week Duration: 20-60 minutes Intensity: 40% or 50%-80% of HRR or VO2R, 555 or 65%-90% of HRmax, 12-16 RPE Resistance Training: Frequency: 2-3 days/week Intensity: Volitional fatigue or stop two to three repetitions before volitional fatigue. Duration: 1 set of 3-20 repetitions, 8-10 exercises include all major muscle groups Flexibility Training: Frequency: Minimal 2-3 days/week; ideally, 5-7 days/week Intensity: Stretch to tightness at the end of the ROM but not to pain Duration: 15-30 seconds, repeat each stretch 2-4 times, static stretch all major muscle groups. Special Considerations for Osteoporosis ✔Ans - a. Pain is a contraindication to exercise b. Excessive trunk flexion and twisting activities increase compressive forces and may increase the risk of vertebral fracture. Special Considerations for Hypertension ✔Ans - a. Terminate a resistance training set when the RPE is between 13 and 15. b. Exercise is contraindicated if pre-exercise SPB is > 200 mm Hg or DBP is > 100 mm Hg c. Terminate an exercise session if exercise SBP is > 220 mm Hg or DBP is > 105 mm Hg d. for those on vasodilator medications, prolong cool-down and avoid abrupt postural change. e. B-blockers attenuate the HR and neccessitate use of the RPE.
f. Consume between 30 and 50 g of carbohydrate before exercise. High-Risk Exercises//Alternate Exercise ✔Ans - 1. Straight leg or full sit-ups//Crunches