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An overview of the factors that influence climate, including the sun's effect on earth, atmospheric pressure and energy distribution, global wind belts, and the role of oceans. It covers how the sun's energy is absorbed and reflected, the causes of low and high pressure zones, the impact of wind on weather and climate, and the importance of oceans in regulating temperature and energy balance.
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Section 1 Factors Affecting Climate
How does the Sun affect Earth’s atmosphere? - How does atmospheric pressure distribute energy around the globe? - How do global wind belts affect weather and climate? • How do the oceans affect weather and climate?
The Sun’s Effect on Earth The Sun’s energy reaches Earth Half of the energy is reflected back into space or absorbed by the atmosphere. The other half is absorbed by Earth’s surface and converted into heat energy. The atmosphere traps this heat in a process called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect helps keep the planet warm.
Pressure differences cause wind.
Winds move heat and cold across the Earth’s surface. - Prevailing winds blow from the same direction most of the time, causing similar weather. -
front occurs when two air masses of widely different temperatures or moisture levels meet.
Water heats and cools more slowly than land, making coastal areas milder than inland areas.
Ocean currents move heat between the tropics and polar regions, helping to maintain Earth’s energy balance.
