ALAN CRUSE SUMMARY ,implicatures, Exams of English Language

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IMPLICA

TURES

PRESEN

TED BY:

JASMIN

IMPLICATURES

CONVERSTIONAL GRICE’S

IMPLICATURES CONVERSATIONAL

MAXIMS

HOW TO THE CO-OPREATIVE HOW IMPLICATURES

RECOGNIZE PRINCIPLE MAXIMS’ ARISE

CNOVERSATIONAL NATURE

IMPLICATURES

QUALITY QUANTITY STANDARD FLOUTING

IMLICATURES THE

RELATION MANNAR MAXIMS

CONTEXT CANCELLABILATY

DEPENDENCE the relation of conversational and propositions NON-DATACHTABILITY CALCULABILITY

HOW TO RECOGNI ZE CONVER SATIONA L IMPLICA TURES: CONTEXT- DEPENDENCY

NON-

DATECHABILITY

CALCULABILIT

Y

DEFEASIBILI TY/ CANELLABILI TY

CONTEXT DEPENDENCE

ENTAILMENTS

CONVERSATION

AL

IMPLICATURES

CONVENTIONA L IMLICATURES

-JOHN KILLED THE

WASP.

-THE WASP DIED.

A:HAVE YOU

CLEARED THE TABLE

AND WASHED THE

DISHES?

B:I’VE CLEARED THE

TABLE.

-haven't cleared the table.

• I haven't cleared the table yet.

detachability: -Conversational Implicatures: is tied to meaning, and not to form. Conventional Implicatures: it I tied to lexical items 1-john didn't manage to walk as far as the cross road. 2-john attempted to walk as far as the cross road. 3- John didn’t walk as far as the crossroads.

Have you cleared the

table and washed the

dishes? I’ve taken all the things off

the table.

I’ve cleared the table

1=2,2= 3 = 2,

Calculability: using statable general principles

on the basis of conventional meaning together with contextual

information.

“Lets leave in fifteen

minutes”

-Have you seen

anything of Clive

recently?

Grice’s conversational maxims Co-operative princple “Make yoiur conversational contribution such as is required ,at the stage which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged “

The maxim of quality : concerned with truth telling

Don’t say what

you belive to be

false

Do not say that

for which you lack

adequate

evidence

Jenny, how do

you like this

novel?

Oh ,I like its red

cover

The manner of relation:👉be releventA-Have you seen

Mary today?

B-I'm breathing

Daniel, is Morgan

good as a finance

manager?

He is a polite man

and works

sometimes on time.

The maxim of manner: Avoid obscurity Be orderly Avoid unnecessary prolixity Avoid ambiguity

A-The lone ranger rode off into the sunset and

jumped on his horse.

B-The lone ranger rode off into the sunset after

jumping on his horse

1.standard Implicatures

• (^) requires the assumption that the speaker is doing their best to follow the co-operative principle, even though the result may not be the best, from the point of view of the hearer -(standard motorist)I’ve run out of petrol -(passer -by)there is a garage just round the corner.

1.1.scalar imlicatures :the use of certain

scales of value, one cancels the others.

have you read

any of Hardy’s

novels?

I’ve read some

of them

Few some most all

Thanks! Any questions?

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