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AP Human Geography Unit 2
Agricultural Population Density Number of Farmers divided by the arable land Arable Land Land suitable for farming/agriculture Physiological Population Density Population of a region / arable (farmable) land Arithmetic Population Density Population of a region divided by total land area. Baby Boom Temporary marked increase in the birth rate Census A complete count of of a population Child Mortality Rate Total number of child deaths per 1,000 live births Crude Birth Rate Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in the society Crude Death Rate Total number of deaths per 1,000 people in a society Dependency Ratio Number of people too young or too old to work compared to workers More Developed Country (MDC)
Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum Doubling Time Number of years needed to double the population Ecumeme The areas of earth occupied by human settlement Epidemiological Transition Model The theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically. Industrial Revolution Time during the 19th century, major improvements in manufacturing goals and delivering them to market Infant Mortality Rates the number of infant deaths (under age 1) per 1000 live births Less Developed Countries (LDC) Non-industrialized/poor countries. Stage two, early three Life Expectancy Average number of years an infant can expect to live Thomas Malthus An English economist who was one of the first to argue that the world's population increase was far outrunning the development of food production Malthusian Theory
Demography The scientific study of population characteristics Overpopulation The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. Population Center An area of land where people are most dense, including East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Demographic Transition Model A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. Mobility A general term covering all types of movement from one place to another Periodic movement Movement - for example, college attendance or military service - that involves temporary, recurrent relocation Net migration The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants Push Factors of Immigration reasons people emigrate and leave their homes such as economic troubles, overcrowding, poverty Intraregional Migration movement within a region Interregional Migration
Movement from one region to another Migration Transition Change in migration patterns in a society caused by industrialisation, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition Gravity Model Predicts interaction between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them. Migrant Workers people, typically farmers, who move from place to place to harvest fruits and vegetables Refugee a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion Asylum seeker Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee brain drain the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries guest worker a foreign laborer living and working temporarily in another country intervening obstacle An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. internal migration
the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas carrying capacity Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support contraception (birth control) methods of preventing conception Diaspora A dispersion of people from their homeland Distribution Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live Immigration Migration to a new location fertility The production of offspring within a population Forced Migration Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors. Great Migration movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 infrastructure Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools internally displaced person
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border Migration Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location. migration stream the constant flow of migrants from one country into another country population composition Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education Rural-urban migration Permanent movement from rural area to the urban city area. S-curve a curve that depicts growth; shape of an "S." The leveling off of a J-Curve exponential growth. Voluntary Migration Permanent movement undertaken by choice. Pull Factors of Immigration Reasons to migrate to a new area such as Economic Opportunity ($) Jobs/ workers were needed Land Peace and stability Freedom to make a better life degenerative disease any disease in which deterioration of the structure or function of tissue occurs Maternal Mortality Rate
