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AP Human Geography-Unit 3
culture a group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people Folk Culture Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups. folklore the traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a community, passed through generations by word of mouth popular culture large culture that incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and experiences quick changing traits. material culture the things a group of people construct, including homes, clothing, sports, and foods. (Must be tangible) nonmaterial culture beliefs, practices, and values of a group of people. EX) bowing as a greeting neocolonialism Also called economic imperialism, this is the domination of newly independent countries by foreign business interests that causes colonial- style economies to continue, which often caused monoculture (a country only producing one main export like sugar, oil, etc). ethnic neighborhoods
a neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs assimilation the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another (typically the minority group into the majority group) acculturation the process of adopting SOME elements of the dominant culture EX) People learning English in the US sequent occupance theory that a place is occupied by different groups of people, each group leaving an imprint on the place from which the next group learns placelessness the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next folk songs traditionally sung by the common people of a region and forms part of their culture folk food food that is tradtionally made by the common people of a region and forms part of their culture race A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, genetic code patterns, or genetically inherited characteristics. ethnicity
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages. creole language a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and a vocabulary and has become a native language of a group of people EX) Haitian Creole monolingual states countries in which everyone speaks the same language EX) Japan and Iceland are the best examples multilingual states countries in which more than one language is in use EX) US and Spain official language The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. monotheistic religion a religion with one god polytheistic religion a religion with more than one god animistic religion centered on the belief that inanimate objects, such as mts., trees, rivers, and boulders. posses spirits and should be revered. EX) Shamanism universalizing religions Religions that seek to gain converts ethnic religion
religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts Hinduism a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion. caste system A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life Sikhism a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. Buddhism A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha. Shintoism Ethnic faith originated in Japan Confucianism A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. Judaism A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. Christianity A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament. Sunni Islam
Sino-Tibetan Language Family 2nd largest language family. Includes Mandarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese centripetal force An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state centrifugal force a force that divides people and countries Colonialism An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. Imperialism A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. cultural divergence The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time. cultural convergence The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication. Syncretism the combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature
