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APK6116 actual practice test/newest version, Exams of Nursing

Cheyney University of PennsylvaniaNursing

APK6116 actual practice test/newest version

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 02/28/2026

tizian-mwangi
tizian-mwangi 🇺🇸

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APK6116 actual practice test/newest version
1. With endurance training, what anatomical changes would you
expect to see
in
fast
twitch
fibers
over
time?:
An increase in the number of "slow"
myosin within the fibers
2.
At what training intensity would you expect to see the largest
increase in mitochondrial oxidative capacity (citrate synthase)
within type IIx fibers?:
75%
VO2max
3. The ability to make repeated contractions against a submaximal load
is called
.:
muscular
endurance
4. Which type of contraction involves force being exerted at a constant
speed?-
:
isokinetic
contraction
5. What is mostly responsible for the strength gains seen early on
(first couple
months) in a resistance training program?: increased recruitment
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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APK6116 actual practice test/newest version

  1. With endurance training, what anatomical changes would you expect to see in fast twitch fibers over time?: An increase in the number of "slow" myosin within the fibers
  2. At what training intensity would you expect to see the largest increase in mitochondrial oxidative capacity (citrate synthase) within type IIx fibers?: 75% VO2max
  3. The ability to make repeated contractions against a submaximal load is called .: muscular endurance
  4. Which type of contraction involves force being exerted at a constant speed?- : isokinetic contraction
  5. What is mostly responsible for the strength gains seen early on (first couple months) in a resistance training program?: increased recruitment

2 / of motor units

  1. With detraining, where do the initial losses mostly come from?: a decrease in SV
  2. What word best describes when a system is pushed beyond what it is normal- ly accustomed to?: overload
  3. What is the following equation for: HR max x SV max x (a-vO2) max: maximal oxygen uptake
  4. What is believed to account for the primary difference in VO max within different populations?: strove volume
  5. How much training and at what intensity (on average) should someone do to improve VO2 max?: 20 to 60 minutes for 3+ times per week at or above 50% of their VO2 max
  6. With endurance training there are typically improvements in venous return, plasma volume, ventricular volume (hypertrophy of heart muscle). All of these improvements should translate into a greater .: stroke volume
  7. What does it mean in technical terms if someone has a bruise?: they have a contusion

4 /

  1. With a large increase in blood epinephrine levels during exercise one would expect to see a large increase in as well (driven by epineph- rine).: glycogenolysis
  2. With months of training, which of following would you expect to see?: Resting epinephrine levels decrease
  3. The breakdown of glycogen within muscle cells will still occur during exercise even if adrenergic (epinephrine) receptors are blocked on the cells. How is this possible?: Increased intracellular calcium activates glycogen phosphorylase
  4. Why is it important that insulin concentrations decrease during exercise?: - Promoting greater glucose uptake and storage during exercise would be counterproductive
  5. When would you expect to see the lowest level of free fatty acid mobiliza- tion?: High intensity exercise
  6. What best defines a hormone?: A chemical messenger released by one tissue that targets another tissue via the bloodstream
  7. What has broad "control" over the anterior pituitary?: The

5 / hypothalamus

  1. When testosterone levels rise they will begin to fall. Why is this?: Testosterone inhibits the hypothalamus
  2. Which hormone triggers the adrenal cortex to release its hormones?: ACTH
  3. What is the function of glucagon?: Increase blood glucose levels
  4. Why do hydrophobic hormones need transport proteins to be carried in the blood?: Because they are non-polar and blood plasma is polar
  5. Which of the following can produce heat within the body?: glycolysis
  6. What type of heat loss or gain involves heat being transferred to the air/body as it passes by the body?: convection
  7. In what environment would heat loss through evaporation be difficult to achieve?: humid environments
  8. What method of heat loss is generally most important during exercise?: evap- oration
  9. Why does VCO2 increase as exercise intensity increases?: Because the muscle fibers are running oxidative phosphorylation at a greater rate
  10. How is an increased VCO2 during exercise related to an

7 /

  1. What is ventilatory threshold defined as?: The point at which ventilation increases non-linearly
  2. What about lactate threshold occurring may cause ventilatory threshold to occur?: Muscle fibers which have a higher ATP demand than supply (resynthesis) produce large quantities of hydrogen ions which hyperstimulate chemoreceptors
  3. What is another possible explanation of ventilatory threshold outside of the lactate threshold theory?: Due to high intensity exercise, neurons in the primary motor cortex are hyperactive and spill over and hyperstimulate neurons in the respiratory control center
  4. Why does the partial pressure of oxygen decrease as it moves into the lungs?: Because the air is humidified and mixed with air in the lungs that is rich in carbon dioxide
  5. How is it possible for the partial pressures of oxygen within the air and fluid to be exactly the same yet the concentrations to be different?: Because oxygen is non-polar and does not bind well with water
  6. What is the most important reason for driving the partial pressure of oxygen within the blood plasma in the pulmonary capillaries

8 / up to 100 mmHg?: To allow hemoglobin to bind more oxygen (become more saturated)

  1. What is the most important reason for driving the partial pressure of oxygen within the blood plasma in the systemic capillaries down to 40 mmHg?: To allow hemoglobin to bind less oxygen (become less saturated)
  2. What is the functional difference between myoglobin and hemoglobin?: myo- globin is more saturated with oxygen at lower partial pressure of oxygen
  3. What contributes most to the elastic recoil of the lungs?: Surface tension within alveoli
  4. What can be done to increase resistance within the lungs?: Contraction of smooth muscle within bronchioles
  5. The amount of air that comes in and out of lungs with a normal breath is known as .: Tidal volume
  6. The total amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration is complete and all respiratory muscles are relaxed (person at rest) is known as .: Functional residual capacity
  7. What would you expect to see in someone with a restrictive (low compliance) lung disease?: Decreased vital capacity/ total lung capacity
  8. The graphs below depict stroke volume and cardiac output

10 /

  1. What is clearly demonstrated by the graphs is that cardiac output continues to rise as exercise intensity rises despite a plateau in stroke volume. What is the explanation for this plateau?: Decreased filling time with higher heart rates
  2. Regarding the previous question, in an untrained or moderately trained individual, why might a plateau be observed in stroke volume and not a de- crease?: Increased sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle fibers
  3. How is it possible for cardiac output to continue to rise with higher intensity exercise despite the plateau in stroke volume?: An increase in heart rate
  4. Very well trained athletes do not see a dip or plateau in stroke volume, rather it continues to rise with higher intensity exercise. What is the best possible explanation of this?: They have a better ability to return blood to the heart through the respiratory and muscle pump
  5. The Fick equation tells us oxygen consumption by looking at cardiac output and AVO2 difference. What is AVO2 difference looking at?: The ditterence in arterial and venous blood oxygen content

11 /

  1. Cardiovascular drift is the where heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output after an extended period of time during an endurance event despite no change in exercise intensity. What is the most likely explanation for why this drift must occur?: Loss of blood plasma decreases stroke volume