APUSH Chapter 1 Slides, Slides of History

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Chapter 1

New World

Beginnings,

33,000 B.C.E.–

1769 C.E.

I. The Shaping of North

America

• (^) 6 billion years ago: Earth; 6,000 years ago: Recorded History;

500 years ago: Europeans to Americas

• (^) Pangaea to separated continents and waterways
• (^) Mountain Ranges formed: in NA the Appalachians, Rockies,

Sierra Nevada, Cascades

• (^) Canadian Shield
• (^) Eastern coastal plains or tidewaters with river valleys
• (^) Mid-continental basin and Mississippi River
• (^) Inter-Mountain Great Basin
• (^) Great Ice Age 2 million yrs ago-10,000 yrs ago with ice line as

far south as Pennsylvania

• (^) Retreat formed craters=lakes (like the Great Lakes)
• (^) Lake Bonneville covered much of UT, NV, ID and (all that remains today is the Great Salt Lake)

II. Peopling the Americas

• (^) Boats to get here? (not agreed upon)
• (^) Land bridge from Eurasia to NA around Bering Sea between Siberia and Alaska - (^) Nomadic hunters - (^) Isolated by end of Ice Age and rising water levels
• (^) Through NA east and S and SE to SA eventually
• (^) 1492 54 millions Native Americans
  • (^) Including Inca, Aztec, Maya
• (^) Maize
• (^) Cities, commerce, astronomy, but also human sacrifice

III. The Earliest Americans

• (^) Corn=from nomadic hunters to agricultural villagers
  • (^) Ex: Pueblo in Rio Grande Valley
• (^) No big group in NA like Aztec, Inca, Maya
  • (^) Easier to conquer?
  • (^) Ohio River Valley Mound builders an exception
  • (^) Anasazi of SW an exception Chaco Canyon (present-day NM)
  • (^) Cahokia near St. Louis
• (^) Three-sister farming by 1000 AD (squash, corn, beans)(allowed for higher population densities) - (^) Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek
• (^) Iroquois in northeastern woodlands
  • (^) Leader Hiawatha
  • (^) A Confederacy
• (^) But many Native North Americans in smaller, scattered communities
  • (^) 4 million?
• (^) Many Matri-linear cultures
• (^) Some slash and burn for agriculture, but also respect/reverence for Nature

IV. Indirect Discoverers of the New World

• (^) Scandinavians to NA 1000 AD at L’Anse aux Meadows (Newfoundland)(Vinland) - (^) Abandoned
• (^) Explorers to/through Asia Africa next 100s years
• (^) Sugar and spice and everything nice drove exploration/conquest - (^) Expensive via current routes/trade methods - (^) New way?

V. Europeans Enter Africa

• Marco Polo 1295 (made up?) China

– Did inspire others to explore

• Caravel ship and return westward breezes for

Portuguese mariners

– Access to sub-Saharan Africa

• Gold and slaves

– 1488 Dias around the Cape of Good Hope

– 1498 da Gama reached India

• The Spanish want theirs (look westward?)

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• Figure 1-1a p
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• Map 1-1 p
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• Map 1-2 p
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VI. Columbus Comes upon a New World

• (^) Cheaper products wanted, slave labor allowed for plantations, long-range oceanic travel possible, Renaissance spirit of optimism and adventure, Printing presses 1450, mariner’s compass
• (^) DISCOVERY, CONQUEST, COLONIZATION!
• (^) GOD, GOLD, GLORY!
• (^) Columbus
  • (^) Italian, sailed for Spain, 6 weeks to Bahamas on 10/12/ - (^) Successful failure (was aiming for Indies, underestimated Earth’s size) - (^) Thought Indies, Indians