AQA - A Level: Product Design - Paper 2 Questions And Answers 2025/2026, Exams of Performing Arts

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AQA - A Level: Product Design - Paper 2 Questions And Answers 2025/2026 Arts & Crafts - correct Answ1 880-1920 > Traditional craftsmanship using simple forms — Essentially anti-industrial — Appreciation of the beauty of materials (e.g. wood grain) — Hand produced using craft skills (e.g. natural forms of medieval Europe) William Morris, CEA Voysey, Richard Norman Shaw Art Deco - correct Answ1920-1930 — Represented luxury, glamour, exuberance and faith in social and technological progress — Sunburst motifs - commonly seen in architecture and surface patterns > Ziggurat (Stepped pyramids) - e.g. Empire State Building — Simple geometric shapes Clarice Cliff, Eileen Gray, Alvar Aalto, Walter Dorwin Teague Modernism/(Bauhaus and De Stijl) - correct Answ1919-1933 > Form follows function — Embraced the machine age — Used geometrically pure forms — Created everyday products for everyday people - used mass-production Modernism: JJP Oud, Piet Mondrian, Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van't Hoff Bauhaus: Walter Gropius, Marcek Breuer, Mies Van Der Rohe, Marrianne Brandt Streamlining - correct AnswThe development of products using flowing curves and chrome detailing inspired by the increased study into aerodynamics in the early twentieth century — Seen in car design as early as 1920's, application of streamlining to household objects was seen as modernist and developments of materials such as Bakelite enabled replication of curves. Raymond Loewy, Norman Bel Geddes, Henry Dreyfuss Post-modernism - correct Answ1980s — Bold, colourful and playful designs - used bright colours — Simplistic juxtapositions of geometric positions - used geometric forms in seemingly random positions sly P — the Dyson vacuum cleaner - using contrasting colour schemes, changing dust reduction systems > Wheelbarrow with the ball wheel DCO1 Vacuum cleaner - correct Answ- Introduced bagless dual cyclone cleaning system — Colour scheme aids used — 3d sculpted form based on flow of air — Injection moulded ABS apart from PC dust bin — Uses many integral fixings, allows disassembly and aids maintenance — Clear polycarbonate bin shows off dust Margaret Calvert - correct AnswBritish Graphic Designer — Developed the signs and fonts on UK road signs w Jock Kinneir — Provided simple and clear communication with motorists through developing stylised silhouette forms — Mix of upper and lower cased letters because the mix was proved to improve readability and high speeds through testing Dieter Rams - correct AnswGerman Functionalist Designer (less but better) > Worked with Braun and did what Bauhaus did with furniture for consumer electronics, took ornamental wooden casings and replacing them with functional minimalist designs in white and grey — Developments heavily depended on technological developments like the transistor and thermoplastics Dieter Ram's key principles of good design - correct AnswGood design is: — Innovative — Understandable — Unobtrusive — What makes a product useful — Thorough down to the last detail —> Honest > Has longevity — Environmentally friendly > Aesthetic, 'form follows function‘ — As little design as possible, minimalist Charles and Ray Eames - correct AnswModernist designers — Moulded plywood and polymer furniture — Paved the way for single-form seating in both plywood and polymers — Basic, used minimal amounts of locally-sourced wood, and traditional techniques > Utility products. Utility products - correct AnswPost-WW2 basic products that were often rationed Council of Industrial Design (COID) - correct AnswPost WWII British organisation set up to improve design standards and competitiveness Post-WWIH - correct AnswThe Council of Industrial Design (COID) was set up in post-war Britain to improve design standards and competitiveness. — Allowed for an increase in the range of decorative and fashionable products due to the development in materials, manufacturing, and technology, in addition to growing influences from abroad. Microelectronics - correct Answ Miniature electronic devices and systems facilitated by the development of smaller ICs. > The newfound processing power of materials like silicon, and its ability to have a small size, allowed for integrated circuits (ICs) to make a significant impact on design and designing. — They have made computers capable of carrying out millions of calculations at high speeds; its made products that were previously inconvenient, bulky and energy intensive possible with the incorporation of microelectronics > Moore's law Sustainable - correct AnswSomething that has the minimum impact on the environment Glulam - correct AnswThe use of several pieces of timber glued together to cteate a strong composites for use in buildings, bridges and other structures, — Its strengths stems from the careful choice of laminates eliminates the defects created by knots — It has a better strength-to-weight ratio than steel, and is much cheaper as it uses less energy to create. — Also sustainable. Kevlar - correct AnswAn artificial fibre that has tremendous toughness and tensile strength due to its density and chemical bonds. — It's also extremely lightweight and used in things like bulletproof vests and puncture-resistant tyres. Precious Metal Clay (PMC) - correct AnswConsists of precious metals bound together with a pliable material medium so that they can be shaped into jewellery and other products. — It can create strong, lightweight parts with complex features, such as internal voids, and is useful when making prototypes. Fibre-injection moulding - correct AnswPellets of glass/ carbon fibre filled polymers such as polyamide (nylon) are used. Reinforced fibre roving is incorporated into the polymer being moulded. > Popular in the automotive industry - produces parts that are strong, stiff, lightweight, and economical. — They are sustainable as they use carbon fibre offcuts and waste from conventional injection moulding. Laser beam welding - correct AnswThe intense heat of a laser beam is used. to join multiple pieces of metal (increasingly adopted for automotive applications) — It's fast and capable of producing narrow and deep welds, as well as being able to weld a wide range of materials. — Can be combined with other types of welding to increase their speed and efficiency — Welds a wide range of metals and is capable of welding dissimilar metals — Area affected by heat from the laser is narrow, minimises distortion — Weld is smooth enough to require no further finishing processes — More accurate than other methods — Unnecessary to use filler rods — Small, thin components can be welded with less likelihood of damage — However, it has a high initial cost, health and safety needs to be considered, needs a clean environment to protect the optics Physical Vapour Deposition - correct AnswMethod of producing thin films of material or coating products with a finishing surface (alternative to electroplating) — Works by heating the base material so that it vaporises, passes thorugh a vacuum to condense on the target material, depositing a thin layer of required material — Used for the production of semi-conductor components, food packaging, machine tool cutting tips and decorative products — Related process called Chemical Vapour Deposition for similar purposes but relies on chemical reactions instead Internet of Things - correct AnswThe connection of a range of devices over networks such as the Internet and WIFI. — Smart fridges with cameras and RFID tags on internally stored produce can be applied to a JIT manufacturing system instead — Facilitates a dynamic response to anything that changes in the system (a machine fault so schedules need ti be reorganised) — Facilitates "predictive maintenance" whereby sensors constantly monitor the condition of elements of a machine: the data collected would indicate — IP can sometimes be a hindrance to the development of affordable products since priority for owners of the IP would be financial reward rather than altruism and PA prefers an "Open Design" approach. Free and open soutce software (FOSS) - correct AnswSoftware that is available free or at a very low cost and can be changed by the user Fairtrade - correct AnswA social movement to encourage the ethical treatment of farmers and workers in developing countries Design Process - correct AnswA system to organise designing and making a prototype of a product Model - correct AnswEither a 3D CAD drawing or a physical mock up used to communicate designs and making prototypes Specification - correct AnswA list of key points that a designer follows when developing designs and making prototypes Primary research - correct Answlnvestigation techniques that use first-hand sources such as interviews, observation, disassembly of products SCAMPER - correct AnswA technique of modifying existing designs to create new ideas — Substitute - change materials, components, finishes etc — Combine - mix ideas or parts of ideas together — Adapt - alter the design, use part of another idea, change the function, adapt mechanisms or useful parts — Modify - change the shape of the design or part of it, increase or decrease the size — Put it to another use alt use of design, different functions? — Eliminate - remove and reduce parts, simplify — Reverse - turn the design inside out or upside down Illustration - correct AnswCan be used in the design process — Isometric to sketch design ideas — One-point perspective to show buildings or room interiors — Two- point perspective to draw objects from a range of different viewing angles — Exploded views are sued to show the relationship of the parts of the product and how they assemble — Marker renderings are used to represent colour and materials/finishes on design drawings — Sectional views are used to show the cross section of products - useful in showing hidden detail such as holes and slots > Growth —> Maturity > Decline and replacement Introduction - correct AnswThe product is launched, usually with a lot of marketing and publicity around it. Sometimes companies will try and convince its customers that they need to get their latest product with the new features (phones, etc) Growth - correct AnswOnce the product is on the market, sales are expected to grow due to customers buying the latest version. Advertising plays a key role - showing the benefits of the new product Maturity - correct AnswEventually, the sales will reach its peak - it's important for companies to prolong this stage as much as possible to reap the most sales from their product Decline and replacement - correct AnswSales will eventually decline, and the product is removed from sale usually only once the replacement model is on the market and selling well. Customers may need to replace products because spare parts aren't available, it being unable to run the latest software, or because of planned obsolescence. Safe working practices - correct AnswKeep the person doing the work, and those nearby, safe and free from harm Accuracy - correct AnswThe amount of conformity of a measurement to the required value Tolerance - correct AnswThe acceptable upper and lower limits of a Measurement Measurement - correct AnswThe process of using tools to check existing dimensions Dimension - correct AnswThe measured distance of a straight line between features of a part/product Marking out - correct AnswThe transfer of designs onto pieces of material or parts Datum - correct AnswA surface/edge used as a reference from which measurements are taken to increase accuracy Jig - correct AnswA device used to control the motion of a tool, such as a drill relative to a workpiece Refuse - correct AnswExercise consumer choice as to whether they buy a product or not Total quality management (TQM) - correct AnswA project management system focussing on QA through the involvement of the workforce in continual improvement Scrum - correct AnswThe leading agile development methodology for completing projects with a complex, innovative scope of work. Daily scrum updates with feedback and issues are discussed to help progress, distribution of tasks can be updated based on the issues. — Team can respond quickly to changing customer demand due to regularity of feedback meetings Quality assurance (QA) - correct AnswThe procedures and policies put in place to reduce waste and ensure manufactured products are produced accurately within tolerances Lean manufacturing - correct AnswA systematic approach to production which aims to eliminate all waste from product production, TIMWOOD (Lean manufacturing) - correct AnswWaste is split into 7 forms, using the acronym TIMWOOD: — Transport - reducing the distance a product has to travel reduces the tisk of damage and loss — Inventory - JiT - reduce the inventory on site as any stock held on site is at risk of damage and loss in value — Movement - when assembling products, any unnecessary movement increases product time and so should be minimised > Waiting - reducing the amount of waiting time for other processes to finish in the production line — Over production - producing too much of a product requires more storage, and some products may never be sold, wasting the time and money put into the materials and production — Over processing - using the correct equipment on each manufacturing process - if something isn't needed, then don't get it (e.g., machinery having unnecessary features) — Defects - any defective products must be removed Six Sigma - correct AnswA set of techniques to minimise defects DMAIC (Six Sigma) - correct Answ-> Define - what's the issue? — Measure - take steps to measure the extent of the issue — Analyse - determine where the issues occur — Improve - introduce procedures to fix the issues — Control - ensure the procedures are implemented through QA