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AQA GCSE PHYSICS – PAPER 1 NEWEST EXAM 2025
WITH MULTIPLE CHOICE OF QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
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How do thick walls prevent energy losses through heating? - CORRECT ANSWER-They're made from a material with a low thermal conductivity - the thicker the walls, the lower the thermal conductivity, the slower the rate of energy transfer What objects are usually 100% efficient? - CORRECT ANSWER-Electric heaters
- all the energy in the electrostatic energy stores is transferred to useful thermal energy stores Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) - CORRECT ANSWER-Non-renewable Cause acid rain Cause global warming Reliable currently - they are finite, so they will run out eventually Coal mining ruins the landscape Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems Energy resources used for transport - CORRECT ANSWER-Petrol and diesel from oil - non-renewable
Coal (steam trains) - non-renewable Bio-fuels - renewable Energy resources used for heating - CORRECT ANSWER-Natural gas - non- renewable Coal - non-renewable Electric heaters - non-renewable Geothermal - renewable Solar water heaters - renewable Bio-fuels - renewable Wind Power - CORRECT ANSWER-Renewable Doesn't cause global warming Doesn't cause acid rain No pollution No permanent damage to the landscape Free - initial costs are high Very noisy Spoil the view Not always reliable Solar Power - CORRECT ANSWER-Renewable Doesn't cause acid rain Doesn't cause global warming No pollution
Disturbs the seabed and habitats of marine wildlife Spoils the view Hazard to boats Tidal Power - CORRECT ANSWER-Renewable Reliable Doesn't cause acid rain Doesn't cause global warming No pollution Free - initial costs are moderately high Spoils the view Alters the habitats of wildlife Bio-fuels - CORRECT ANSWER-Renewable Reliable Doesn't cause acid rain Carbon neutral Free Can cause global warming Loss of natural habitat from destruction of forests Cannot respond to immediate energy demands Nuclear Power (Uranium or Plutonium) - CORRECT ANSWER-Doesn't cause acid rain Doesn't cause global warming
Reliable currently - finite Non-renewable High decommissioning costs Produces radioactive waste - no other pollution Nuclear waste is dangerous and hard to dispose of Investigating Specific Heat Capacities - Method - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Measure the mass of a block with two holes in it, then wrap it in an insulating layer (e.g. newspaper) to reduce the energy transferred from the block to the surroundings. Insert the thermometer into one hole and the heater into another
- Measure the initial temperature of the block & set the potential difference of the power supply to be 10V. Turn on the power supply & start a stopwatch
- When you turn on the power, the current in the circuit does work on the heater, transferring energy electrically from the power supply to the heater's thermal energy stores - this energy is then transferred to the material's thermal energy store by heating, causing its temperature to increase
- As the block heats up, take readings of the temperature and current every minute for 10 minutes - the current shouldn't change
- Turn off the power supply. Use the measurements of the current & the p.d. to calculate the power supplied to the heater, thus calculating how much energy has been transferred to the heater at the time of each temperature reading
- If you assume all the energy supplied to the heater has been transferred to the block, you can plot a graph of energy transferred to the thermal energy store of the block against temperature
- Pressure from other countries & the public has led to targets being set e.g the UK aims to use renewable resources to provide 15% of the total yearly energy by 2020 What has pressure from the public & other countries led to? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure being put on energy providers to build new power plants that use renewable resources to ensure that they don't lose business & money What is the use of renewables limited by? - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Reliability - since some energy resources aren't that reliable, a combination of different power plants would have to be used - expensive
- Money - building new power plants costs money, the cost of switching to renewable power will have to be paid & some people don't want to or can't afford to pay
- Politics - companies and governments can't force people to change their behaviour What happens when a system changes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy is transferred - it can be transferred into/away from the system, between different objects in the system or between different types of energy stores Why are wind turbines unlikely to be able to power everything in the UK? - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Large numbers of turbines would need to be built - takes up space & is expensive
- Not always windy - the same amount of electrical power won't be produced every day What is electric current? - CORRECT ANSWER-The flow of electrical charge
What is electric current measured in? - CORRECT ANSWER-Amps What is potential difference? - CORRECT ANSWER-Voltage - it pushes the electric charge around the circuit What is potential difference measured in? - CORRECT ANSWER-Volts What is resistance? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anything that slows the flow down What is resistance measured in? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ohms The greater the resistance... - CORRECT ANSWER-...the smaller the current that flows What is the formula for charge? - CORRECT ANSWER-Charge (coulombs) = current (amps) x time (seconds) Q=It What is the formula for Pd? - CORRECT ANSWER-Potential difference (volts) = Current (amps) x Resistance (ohms) V=IR The longer the wire... - CORRECT ANSWER-...the greater the resistance Is the ammeter placed in series or parallel? - CORRECT ANSWER-Series
What happens to current in a series circuit? - CORRECT ANSWER-The current is the same in all components What happens to resistance in a series circuit? - CORRECT ANSWER-The total resistance is the sum of all the resistances What happens to Pd in a parallel circuit? - CORRECT ANSWER-The Pd is the same in all components What happens to current in a parallel circuit? - CORRECT ANSWER-The current is shared between the components, therefore the total current is found by adding up the currents of all the components What happens to resistance in a parallel circuit? - CORRECT ANSWER-If you have two resistors parallel, their total resistance is less than the resistance of the smallest of the two resistors Mains supply is... - CORRECT ANSWER-AC - Alternating current Battery supply is... - CORRECT ANSWER-DC - Direct Current Alternating Current - CORRECT ANSWER-The current is constantly changing direction Alternating currents are produced by alternating voltages in which the positive and negative ends keep alternating
UK Mains Supply Voltage - CORRECT ANSWER-230V UK Frequency of AC - CORRECT ANSWER-50Hz (hertz) Direct Current - CORRECT ANSWER-Current is always flowing in the same direction Created by a direct voltage Live Wire - CORRECT ANSWER-Brown colour Bottom right of the three pin plug Provides the alternating pd from the mains supply - 230V Current flows in through this wire Neutral Wire - CORRECT ANSWER-Blue colour Bottom left of the three pin plug Completes the circuit and carries away current Electricity flows out through this wire Around 0V Earth Wire - CORRECT ANSWER-Green and yellow colour Middle of the three pin plug Protects the wiring Stops the casing from becoming live Doesn't usually carry a current - only when there's a fault Around 0V
Power = current² x resistance A 1.0kW hair dryer is connected to a 230V supply. Calculate the current through the hair dryer. Give your answer to two significant figures - CORRECT ANSWER-I=P/V I= 1000/ I=4.3A What is the National Grid? - CORRECT ANSWER-A giant system of cables and transformers that covers the UK and connects power stations to consumers When does demand for electricity increase? - CORRECT ANSWER-When it starts to get dark or cold outside When people get up in the morning When people come home from school or work What is the problem with a high current? - CORRECT ANSWER-You lose loads of energy as the wires heat up and energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the surroundings What's the cheaper way of transmitting power? - CORRECT ANSWER-High potential difference and low current - decreases the energy lost by heating the wire and the surroundings What is conduction? - CORRECT ANSWER-The process where vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
Energy is transferred to thermal stores of the object - this energy is shared across the kinetic energy stores What is thermal conductivity? - CORRECT ANSWER-A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material via conduction What is convection? - CORRECT ANSWER-Where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions Energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the object and is shared across the kinetic stores What do radiators create? - CORRECT ANSWER-Convection currents Convection currents - process - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Energy is transferred from the radiator to the nearby air particles by conduction
- The air by the radiator becomes warmer and less dense as the particles move quicker
- The warm air rises and displaces the cooler air, which is then heated by the radiator
- The previously heated air transfers energy to the surroundings - the air cools, becomes denser and sinks What does lubrication do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Reduce frictional forces What does insulation do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Reduce the rate of energy transfer by heating
One material will have a positive static charge (e.g. acetate) and the other will have a negative static charge (e.g. polythene) What subatomic particle moves? - CORRECT ANSWER-Electrons Positive charges never move - a positive charge is achieved when electrons move away What increases with a build up of electric charge? - CORRECT ANSWER-The potential difference between the object and the earth What is the spark? - CORRECT ANSWER-When the electrons jump across the gap between the charged particle and the earth if the potential difference becomes too large Energy Stores - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Elastic potential
- Gravitational potential
- Thermal
- Electrostatic
- Nuclear
- Chemical
- Kinetic
- Magnetic
- Light
- Sound
How is energy transferred? - CORRECT ANSWER-1) Mechanically - force doing work
- Electrically - work done by moving charges
- Heating/Radiation - light, sound How can work be done? - CORRECT ANSWER-When a current flows or by a force moving an object Kinetic energy formula - CORRECT ANSWER-E=1/2mv² Kinetic energy(J) = 0.5 x mass(kg) x speed²(m/s) Gravitational potential energy formula - CORRECT ANSWER-E=mgh G.P.E(J) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m) What happens when an object falls and there's no air resistance? - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy lost from the g.p.e store = energy gained in the kinetic energy store What does air resistance do when acting against falling objects? - CORRECT ANSWER-It causes some energy to be transferred to other energy stores e.g. the thermal energy stores of the object and the surroundings Elastic potential energy formula - CORRECT ANSWER-E=1/2ke² E.P.E(J) = 0.5 x spring constant(N/m) x extension²(m)
The closer to the object... - CORRECT ANSWER-...The stronger the electric field. The stronger it is, the higher the potential difference is What is the force between two charged objects near to each other caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Their electric fields interacting with each other What is ionisation? - CORRECT ANSWER-When a strong electric field causes electrons in the air particles to be removed What happens when air is ionised? - CORRECT ANSWER-It becomes much more conductive and so a current can pass through it (a spark) What is an RCCB? - CORRECT ANSWER-Residual Current Circuit Breaker Protects some circuits Detects a difference in the current between the live and neutral wires Works faster than fuses Double insulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Used for appliances without an earth wire Have plastic casings Designed so that the live wire cannot touch the casing Cannot give an electric shock The Fuse - CORRECT ANSWER-Thin piece of wire which melts if too much current passes through it
When the wire melts, all current is stopped and the appliance is switched off What does the switch do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Controls the amount of current that enters an appliance with the fuse Symbol - Cell - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Battery - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Switch - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Filament lamp/Bulb - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Fuse - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - LED - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Resistor - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Variable resistor - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Ammeter - CORRECT ANSWER- Symbol - Voltmeter - CORRECT ANSWER-
