Understanding Artificial Intelligence: Definition, Techniques, and Applications, Exams of Computer Science

This chapter explores the concept of artificial intelligence (ai), discussing what intelligence is, the differences between human and machine intelligence, and various ai techniques such as searching ahead, heuristics, pattern recognition, and machine learning. The document also covers applications of ai in natural language communication, knowledge bases and expert systems, and pattern recognition, with examples of applications in fields like medical diagnosis, image analysis, and weather forecasting. Neural networks are also introduced as a method of simulating brain neurons.

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/30/2009

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Chapter 13
Chapter 13
Is Artificial Intelligence Real?
What is Intelligence?
What is Intelligence?
Learning from experience
Reasoning
Perceive relations
Insight
Using tools
Intuition
What is AI?
What is AI?
Can Machines Think?
If it acts intelligent, it is intelligent!!!
Turing Test
Study of the computation that makes
it possible to perceive, reason, and
act.
Simulating Humans (intelligence)
Automatic
Not easy to describe
Controlled
Reach AI
Reach AI
Differences in structure and abilities
Intelligent machines independent of human
actions
Flying like a bird
Flying machine
The best way to do things …..
AI Techniques
AI Techniques
Searching ahead
Heuristics
Pattern recognition
Machine Learning
AI Applications: Natural
Language Communication
AI Applications: Natural
Language Communication
Machine Translation
Conversation without
communication
Problems
Massive vocabulary
Multiple meanings
Idioms in a language
Lack of “common sense”
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Chapter 13 Chapter 13

Is Artificial Intelligence Real?

What is Intelligence? What is Intelligence?

Learning from experience

Reasoning

Perceive relations

Insight

Using tools

Intuition

What is AI? What is AI?

Can Machines Think?

  • If it acts intelligent, it is intelligent!!!
  • Turing Test Study of the computation that makes it possible to perceive, reason, and act. Simulating Humans (intelligence)
  • Automatic
  • Not easy to describe
  • Controlled

Reach AI Reach AI

Differences in structure and abilities Intelligent machines independent of human actions

Flying like a bird Flying machine

The best way to do things …..

AI Techniques AI Techniques

Searching ahead

Heuristics

Pattern recognition

Machine Learning

AI Applications: Natural

Language Communication

AI Applications: Natural

Language Communication

Machine Translation

Conversation without

communication

Problems

  • Massive vocabulary
  • Multiple meanings
  • Idioms in a language
  • Lack of “common sense”

AI Applications:

Knowledge base and

Expert systems

AI Applications:

Knowledge base and

Expert systems

Knowledge base

  • Database of facts
  • Determining and changing relationship
  • Reorganizing information based on relationship Artificial Experts
  • If - Then Rules
  • Fuzzy Logic (probabilities)
  • Medical expert, computer system expert,...

Artificial Experts Artificial Experts

  • Train new employees
  • Reduce human errors
  • Take charge of routine tasks
  • Preserve the knowledge
  • Combine the knowledge of several experts
  • make knowledge available to more people

Pattern Recognition Pattern Recognition

identifying recurring patterns

image analysis

Pattern Recognition

Applications

Pattern Recognition

Applications

fingerprint /face identification handwriting recognition biological slide / scientific data analysis weather forecasting surveillance satellite data analysis robot vision OCR automatic voice recognition

Neural Networks Neural Networks

Neural nets

Simulating brain neurons

Parallel-processing supercomputers

Thousands of processors

Artificial vision

Robots Robots

input memory processor output

Robatic Laws

  • Do not harm humans
  • Obey humans
  • Protect it’s existence