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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure
Submission date 6/26/2021 Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Le Thanh Phuong Student ID GCD
Class GCD09 01 Assessor name Mr.Hien
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature Phuong
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Table of Contents
Discuss the benefits and constraints of different
network types and standards.
1. Definition Network
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. Figure 1 Definition Network
2. Types of computer network
a. Local Area Network (LAN) A Local Area Network (LAN) is a relatively modest area-based network. It is usually restricted to a geographic location like a writing laboratory, school or building. Computers connected to a network are broadly categorized as servers or workstations. Servers are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers (and their human users) on the network. Services provided can include printing and faxing, software hosting, file storage and sharing, messaging, data
storage and retrieval, complete access control (security) for the network's resources, and many others. Servers are more powerful than workstations, but requirements dictate setups. For example, in a safe region away from people, a collection of servers can only be accessible via the network. In such circumstances, servers should run without a dedicated display or keyboard. However, the server hard drive(s) can have a substantial addition to system cost by size and speed, and the primary memory. On the other side, a workstation may require less storage or work memory, but a costly display may be required to satisfy the user's demands. Each network machine needs be setup properly to be used. Almost often servers are linked to the network through cables, because the cable connections stay as fast as possible. Stative (desktop) workstations are generally also linked by cable to the network, however the cost of wireless adapters has decreased to the point where it might be easier and less cost to utilize Wi-Fi for a desktop when installing workstations in an existing facility with an inadequate wiring. Figure 2 LAN
Figure 4 MAN It enables quick communication by utilizing high-speed carriers such as fiber optic cables and offers strong support for a large network and increased access to WANs. The dual bus in a MAN network allows data to be sent in both directions at the same time. A MAN network often encompasses portions of a city or a full city.
3. Benefits of the network
- File sharing : if you maintain the data on other linked devices, you can quickly exchange or view data between various users remotely.
- Resource sharing : saves money through the usage of networked peripheral devices such as printers, scanners and copiers, or with many users sharing software.
- Sharing a single Internet connection : is affordable and can help safeguard your equipment provided you secure the network appropriately.
- Capacity building : you may access files and multimedia, for example photos and music, which you save from other PCs or network-attached storage devices remotely.
4. CONSTRAINT OF THE NETWOR
a. It lacks robustness The complete structure would finish up in vain if the main server of a pc system were separated. Furthermore, the entire network would come to a stop if it had a bridging device or a central linking server that failed. In order to control these problems, huge systems should have a breakthrough PC to fill in as a document server to help make it less demanding.
b. It lacks independence The organizing process of the PCs comprises a method that uses PCs, so that people rely more on the PC work instead of applying a task to their work. Besides, they are susceptible to the principal document server, which means that the framework would eventually become pointless and clients inactive if it is separated. c. Virus and Malware If even a PC on a system is infected, alternative frameworks can also be contaminated. In this case, there is the possibility. Because of the availability of numerous devices, infection might propagate efficiently on a system. 4. Independence Failure d. Cost of network Alternative frameworks can potentially be affected if even a PC on a system is corrupted. There is the opportunity in this instance. Benefits can spread efficiently in a system due to the availability of multiple devices. 4. Failure to Independence e. Large campus networks can carry hefty price tags The installation process will involve professionals' services and can cost expensively including Cabling, network cards, routers, bridges, firewalls, wireless access points and the software. However, a simple network with Internet access for a small campus may also be established in the afternoon with easy set-up of home networks. f. Requires Administrative Time. g. Proper maintenance of a network requires considerable time and expertise. Many schools have installed a network, only to find that they did not budget for the necessary administrative support
b. STANDARDS:
- De Facto Standard: These are standards that have not been authorized by any organization but have been recognized as Standards due to their widespread use. Furthermore, these criteria are frequently developed by manufacturers.
- De Jure Standard: These are the standards that have been accepted by an officially recognized authority such as ANSI, ISO, or IEEE, among others. These are the standards that must be followed if they are necessary. c. PROTOCOLS: Figure 6 Protocols There are four layers, including:
- Ethernet (Physical/Data Link Layers)
- IP/IPX (Network Layer)
- TCP/SPX (Transport Layer)
- HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, and DNS (combined Session/Presentation/Application Layers).
a. TCP/IP
The Internet Protocol ensures that the parts reach their address of destination. TCP can be considered the puzzle mount on the other side, which sets the parts in the proper order, requires a resentment of missing pieces and lets the sender know that the puzzle was received. TCP retains the sender's connection from before sending the first piece of puzzle until the conclusion of the piece. b. DNS DNS - Domain Name System - translates network address (such as IP addresses) into terms understood by humans (such as Domain Names) and vice-versa
c. HTTP
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - An Internet-based protocol for sending and receiving webpages
d. ICMP
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol used by network devices to diagnose network communication issues. ICMP is mainly used to determine whether or not data is reaching its intended destination in a timely manner. Commonly, the ICMP protocol is used on network devices, such as routers. ICMP is crucial for error reporting and testing, but it can also be used in distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks D. List some protocols
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used for communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that are sent from source to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destinationI
- Internet Protocol (IP): IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. TCP/IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP ): HTTP is designed for transferring a hypertext among two or more systems. HTML tags are used for creating links. These links may be in any form like text or images. HTTP is designed on Clientserver principles which allow a client system for establishing a connection with the server machine for making a request. The server acknowledges the request initiated by the client and responds accordingly
NETWORK TOPOLOGY, COMMUNICATION,
BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS AND NETWORKING
PRINCIPLES
1. Network topology definition.
The topology of the network refers to the way in which links and nodes of a network can be linked. Topologies are either classified as physical network topology, which is the transmission medium for physical signals, or logical network topology for the way data moves through the network between the device, regardless of the physical connection of the device. The twisting pair Ethernet, which is classified as a logical bus topology, and the token ring which are classified as a logical ring topology, contain logical network topology examples.
2. Examples of topology with diagrams (Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring,
Tree, Hybrid)
Figure 7 Example of topology
3. TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
- Mesh Topology: A topology for a local area network (LAN), where all nodes are linked separately to a central connection, such as a hub or switch, is a topology Figure 8 Mesh Topology
- Star Topology : A topology for a local area network (LAN), where all nodes are linked separately to a central connection, such as a hub or switch, is a topology Figure 9 Start topology
- Bus Topology: The topology of a bus is a topology for a network in a local area (LAN) in which all nodes have a single cable connection. A "backbone" is the wire to which the nodes are linked. The whole section fails if the backbone is broken.
Figure 12 Tree Topology
- Hybrid Topology : A hybrid topology is a network topology of two or more different network topological purposes. These topologies can comprise a blend of topology of the bus and mesh, ring topology, star topology and topology of the trees Figure 13 Hudbird Topology
4. COMMUNICATION AND BANDWIDTH
a. NETWORK COMMUNICATION: Establishes protocol collections (i.e. rules and standards) that enable applications, independent of their hardware and operating systems, to interact with one other in the application programmes. Internetworking allows application programs to interact, irrespective of their real network connectivity.
b. NETWORK BANDWIDTH:
is described as the data volume which may be transferred from one place to another inside a
network during a certain amount of time. Often in bits per second bandwidth and measured in bits per
second is given (bps).
c. RULES OF NETWORK:
- Keep it simple: Don't stick to the whistles and whistles that you are aware of. It's generally a better idea to use standard email systems such as Microsoft Exchange to small and medium-sized companies. Classical cable networks are more reliable than wireless, according to the CEO of Business Network Consulting.
- Don't cut corners: Enterprises are seeking to save a few pennies by utilizing non- commercial non-standard solutions. They actually don't have the 10 or 20 percent saved on gear at work. Dell and IBM network systems will receive further money.
- Turn to a third-party provider: The use of consultation assistance might increase the expense of constructing your computer network. Experts believe it's worth investing.
- Invest in training: At least 20% of the computer network cost of an organization should be assigned to training. Proper training may be provided for best practices and storage rules. Some companies are educated directly by the vendor. d. REASON WHY BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENT IS NEEDED: There's no limitless resource bandwidth. In every specific area, such as a house or firm, there is just so much capacity. Sometimes physical limitations like the router or modem, cabling and wireless frequencies are related to network equipment. In other cases, bandwidth is deliberately restricted by a network administrator or the Internet or WAN carrier. Multiple devices using the same connection must share bandwidth. Many devices are wasteful with bandwidth, including TVs that broadcast 4K video. In comparison with this, a webinar uses far less bandwidth.
