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Network Protocols and Topologies: A Comprehensive Guide, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Computer Networks

FPT University (FPTU)Computer Networks

Demo Assignment 1 - Networking

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2022/2023

Uploaded on 11/30/2023

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1 | P a g e
ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure
Submission date Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name DANG NGOC SON Student ID BH01045
Class SE06302 Assessor name NGUYEN NAM HA
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature SON
Grading grid
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1 | P a g e

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name DANG NGOC SON Student ID BH Class SE06302 Assessor name NGUYEN NAM HA Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature SON Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D

2 | P a g e

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date: Signature & Date:

  • I. Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................................................... Table of contents
  • II. Content.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • P1. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.................................................................................................
      1. Definition of network..............................................................................................................................................................................
      1. Network types.........................................................................................................................................................................................
      • a. Local Area Network (LAN)....................................................................................................................................................................
      • b. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).......................................................................................................................................................
      • c. Wide Area Network (WAN).................................................................................................................................................................
      1. Discussing network protocols and standards........................................................................................................................................
        1. Network protocol definition..................................................................................................................................................................
        1. Discussing network standards...............................................................................................................................................................
        1. Here are some protocols:.......................................................................................................................................................................
      • a. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.....................................................................................................................................
      • b. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTCP/IP) model..........................................................................................................
      • c. Domain Name Server (DNS)....................................................................................................................................................................
        1. Here are some examples of standard organizations and their associated standards:............................................................................
  • P2. Network topology & communication and Bandwidth requirements...............................................................................................................
      1. Network topology definition.................................................................................................................................................................
      1. Discuss the Impact of topology.............................................................................................................................................................
      • a. Bus topology.........................................................................................................................................................................................
      • b. Star topology.........................................................................................................................................................................................
      • c. Ring topology........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 | P a g e
      • d. Mesh topology.......................................................................................................................................................................................
      • e. Tree topology........................................................................................................................................................................................
    1. Communication and Bandwidth.......................................................................................................................................................................
      • a. Define communication in terms of networking........................................................................................................................................
      • b. Rules of communication...........................................................................................................................................................................
      • c. Bandwidth.................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • P3. Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types....................................................................................................... - 1. The operating principles of networking devices................................................................................................................................... - 2. Discuss the operating principles of a router.......................................................................................................................................... - 3. Here is a list of common network devices:........................................................................................................................................... - a. Bridge....................................................................................................................................................................................................... - b. Hub........................................................................................................................................................................................................... - c. Switch....................................................................................................................................................................................................... - d. Router....................................................................................................................................................................................................... - e. Modem...................................................................................................................................................................................................... - f. Gateway..................................................................................................................................................................................................... - g. Repeater....................................................................................................................................................................................................
      1. The operating principles of server types...............................................................................................................................................
      • a. Physical server..........................................................................................................................................................................................
      • b. Virtual server............................................................................................................................................................................................
      • c. Web server................................................................................................................................................................................................
      • d. File servers................................................................................................................................................................................................
      • e. Database servers....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 | P a g e
      • f. Application server.....................................................................................................................................................................................
      • g. DHCP Server............................................................................................................................................................................................
      • h. DNS server...............................................................................................................................................................................................
  • P4. Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software........................................................................... - 1. Interdependencies meaning................................................................................................................................................................... - 2. Examples of interdependency............................................................................................................................................................... - 3. Define workstation hardware................................................................................................................................................................ - 4. Define networking software.................................................................................................................................................................. - discussion.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5. Discuss and explain the interdependencies of workstation hardware with networking software. Derive an example from your
  • M1. Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems............................................. - 1. Networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems................................................................. - 2. Compare LAN, CAN, MAN, and WAN............................................................................................................................................... - 3. Compare physical topologies and logical topologies............................................................................................................................ - 4. Compare between OSI reference model and TCP/IP reference model................................................................................................. - 5. Compare TCP between UDP................................................................................................................................................................
    • optimization...................................................................................................................................................................................................... M2. Explore a range of server types and justify the selection of a server, considering a given scenario regarding cost and performance
        1. Explore a range of server types.............................................................................................................................................................
  • III. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • IV. Evaluation........................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • Bibliography...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

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I. Introduction

As a model of network infrastructure, I am presently engaged in a distinct project as a network administrator within an international corporation, tasked with establishing a network for an educational institution. I can, however, provide general knowledge on how initiatives are typically presented and the problems they seek to answer. The objective of this project is to investigate diverse facets of computer networking and its fundamental principles. It discusses various network kinds, protocols, topologies, communication, bandwidth needs, networking device and server operating principles, and the interdependence of workstation hardware with related networking software. To commence, let us delve into the advantages and limitations of various network types and standards. Network protocols are critical in managing information sharing in a simple, trustworthy, and secure manner. They divide extensive operations into smaller, distinct tasks or functions at each network level. Proficiency in comprehending these protocols is imperative for efficient communication among devices. In the following section, we will explore network topology, communication, and bandwidth requirements. The arrangement of devices and links in a network is referred to as network topology. It has an impact on scalability, dependability, and performance. Essential principles like TCP/IP, DNS, and ports serve as communication protocols, enabling efficient functioning of networked systems. We'll look at the operating principles of several networking devices and server kinds. Networking devices, including routers, switches, firewalls, and load balancers, are integral elements of a network infrastructure. Understanding their functions and configurations is critical for ensuring a safe and efficient network environment. Finally, we'll go through the interdependence of workstation hardware and related networking software. Workstations heavily depend on hardware components that are compatible with each other to guarantee smooth integration with networking software. We'll look at the delicate interplay between hardware choices and their implications on network performance and operation. In order to investigate a variety of server types and substantiate the choice of a server, considering a specified scenario concerning cost and performance optimization, it is imperative to comprehend the notion of server optimization. Server optimization refers to a collection of techniques used to increase data processing efficiency, application configuration, and overall server performance and speed.

8 | P a g e

II. Content

P1. Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards.

Computer networks have revolutionized human existence across multiple domains, bestowing a plethora of advantages. Noteworthy among these advantages are:

  • Connectivity : Computer networks facilitate uninterrupted connectivity among devices, thereby enabling users to exchange information, resources, and services.
  • Information access : Networks facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and the dissemination of information by granting consumers access to the vast array of online resources available on the internet.
  • Communication : Networks facilitate access to a plethora of information accessible on the World Wide Web, empowering users to gain knowledge and remain up-to-date.
  • Cost efficiency : Computer networks facilitate cost reduction in hardware, software, and maintenance by enabling the sharing of resources and infrastructure.
  • Collaboration : Networks enable individuals and teams to engage in collaborative endeavors and exchange resources, irrespective of their geographical proximity.
  • Automation : Networks enable the automation of diverse tasks, thereby enhancing efficiency and productivity.
  • Resource sharing : Networks facilitate the exchange of hardware peripherals, such as printers, software applications, and data storage resources.
  • Globalization : Networks have certainly played an important role in linking people all over the world, aiding globalization, and boosting cultural exchange.

10 | P a g e Figure 1 : Computer network (Kapoor, 2023) If you don't want to deal with cables, you can instead set up a wireless network. In a wireless network, computers utilize wireless network adapters to establish communication through radio signals. It's important to mention that most modern laptops and desktop computers come with built-in wireless network adapters. If your desktop computer lacks this feature, you can purchase a separate wireless network adapter that can be linked to one of the computer's USB ports. To establish a seamless connection between computers, a wireless access point (WAP) is required. In the case of small office or home networks, the WAP is typically included with a router, which facilitates the connection of your network to the Internet. This amalgamation of a WAP and a router is commonly referred to as a wireless router. (Lowe, 2021, p. 8) Although the network is modest, it shares many characteristics with bigger networks that connect dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of machines.

11 | P a g e

2. Network types.........................................................................................................................................................................................

There Based on the communication requirements, various network connections are accessible. The fundamental categorization of networks is primarily determined by their geographical coverage. Figure 2 : Types of networks

13 | P a g e Figure 3 : Local Area Network (LAN) The key attributes of a LAN include: (Prasanna, 2023)

  • Due to its private nature, the network remains unaffected by external regulatory bodies.
  • LAN technology operates at a superior speed in comparison to other WAN technologies.
  • Various media access control methods, including ethernet and token rings, are available.

14 | P a g e Prasanna (2023) listed the following advantages and disadvantages of LAN:

Advantages Disadvantages

Resource sharing: A prominent benefit offered by a Local Area Network (LAN), facilitating the seamless sharing of files, printers, scanners, and various peripherals among connected devices. This feature enables users to effortlessly collaborate and access shared resources within the network. Compatibility issues : Can arise within LANs due to variations in hardware and software configurations. These discrepancies necessitate the allocation of additional IT resources to effectively manage and troubleshoot such issues. Centralized data management: LANs enable centralized data management, making it easier for IT workers to backup and secure critical data while also controlling access to sensitive data. Limited range : LANs are made for small areas like a building or campus. They may not be very helpful for bigger organizations that are spread out. Increased efficiency : LANs have the potential to augment productivity and efficiency through facilitating swift and convenient access to shared resources and information for users. Dependency : LANs depend on a central server or hub. If this server or hub stops working, the whole network may not be accessible. Enhanced communication : LANs offer a swift and dependable mode of communication among network users, thereby promoting cooperation and collective effort. Single point of failure : If a crucial part of the LAN, like the router or switch, fails, the whole network can stop working. Enhanced control : LANs enable IT personnel to effectively oversee and regulate network utilization, thereby restricting access to unauthorized individuals and deterring any potential misuse of the network. Security Risks : Local Area Networks (LANs) are susceptible to various security threats, including but not limited to viruses, malware, and hacking. These threats possess the potential to compromise the integrity of the network and its associated data.

16 | P a g e Figure 4 : Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) These are the key features of the MAN network:

  • It mainly serves towns and cities within a 50 km range.
  • The primary means of connection is through optical fibers and cables.
  • The data rates provided are suitable for distributed computing applications.

17 | P a g e Williams (2023) listed the following advantages and disadvantages of MAN:

19 | P a g e

c. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Prasanna (2021) suggests that when a network expands beyond the scope of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), it transforms into a Wide Area Network (WAN). Typically, telecommunication networks are categorized as WANs, as they facilitate connectivity between MANs and Local Area Networks (LANs). A WAN is bigger than LAN and MAN. It can cover a whole country, continent, or even the whole world. WANs are needed to connect faraway places and transfer data. We can use different ways to connect to a WAN: (Prasanna,

  • The public switch telephone network.
  • High speed, High Band Width, Leased Circuit.
  • High Speed fiber Optic Cable.
  • Micro Wave transmission

20 | P a g e Figure 5 : Wide Area Network (WAN) (Williams, 2023) There are two types of WAN:

  • Enterprise Network: When a network connects branch offices and divisions, it is called an Enterprise network.
  • Global Network: When a network spans across multiple countries and includes various types of organizations, it is referred to as a global network.